精神

§Chinese

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being
simp. and trad. (精神)		精	神

§Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngshén

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): chîn-sṳ̀n
• Min Dong (BUC): cĭng-sìng
• Min Nan (POJ): cheng-sîn
• Wu (WT Romanisation): jin zen (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jīngshén → jīngshen (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ → ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣ˙ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing.shenr
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/ → /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/

    • (file)

      
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed) (精神兒／精神儿)⁺
    • Pinyin: jīngshénr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊㄦ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshelr
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
    • Yale: jīng sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
    • IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /t͡ɕin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng-sìng
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)niŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕɪŋ³⁴⁻²² ɕin¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: jin zen (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ⁵⁵ z̻əɲ²¹/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (精神, reconstructed)
Character (精), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 精 (13) Final: 清 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 子盈切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/t͡siᴇŋ/	/t͡si̯ɛŋ/	/t͡siɛŋ/	/t͡siɛŋ/	/t͡siajŋ/	/t͡sĭɛŋ/	/t͡siæŋ/
Character (精), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 精 (13) Final: 清 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 子姓切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/t͡siᴇŋH/	/t͡si̯ɛŋH/	/t͡siɛŋH/	/t͡siɛŋH/	/t͡siajŋH/	/t͡sĭɛŋH/	/t͡siæŋH/
Character (神), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 船 (27) Final: 眞 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 食鄰切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʑiɪn/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/	/d͡ʑiĕn/	/ʑin/	/ʑin/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/	/ʑjen/

Old Chinese pronunciation (精神, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
精								jīng								‹ tsjeng ›								/*tseŋ/								fine rice; pure
神								shén								‹ zyin ›								/*Cə.li[n]/								spirit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
精					11327					生					耕					0					精					/*ʔsleŋ/
精					11337					生					耕					0					精					/*ʔsleŋs/
神					11245					申					眞					1					神					/*hlin/

§Definitions

精神

1. spirit; soul; mind; will; spiritual; soulful
2. energy, drive
3. lively, active, brisk
4. essence, gist

§Derived terms

• 阿Q精神 (Ā-Q jīngshén)
• 精神病 (jīngshénbìng)
• 精神病學／精神病学 (jīngshénbìngxué)
• 精神病院 (jīngshénbìngyuàn)
• 精神分裂症 (jīngshén fēnlièzhèng)
• 人逢喜事精神爽 (rén féng xǐshì jīngshén shuǎng)

§Descendants

Sino-Xenic (精神):

•  Japanese: 精神 (せいしん, seishin)
•  Korean: 정신 (精神, jeongsin)
•  Vietnamese: tinh thần (精神)

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§Japanese

Kanji in this term
精	神
せい Grade: 5	しん Grade: 3
on'yomi

§Noun

精神 (hiragana せいしん, romaji seishin)

1. psyche:
   1. spirit, soul, mind, will
   2. spiritual, soulful, mindful, willful

§Derived terms

Compounds

精神界 (せいしんかい, ​seishinkai): the spiritual world 精神療法: psychotherapy 精神の中: "In the spirit of..." etc. 精神安定剤 (せいしんあんていざい) - a tranquilizer 精神医学 (せいしんいがく, seishin igaku) - psychiatry 精神異常 (せいしんいじょうしゃ, seishin ijōsha) - mental derangement 精神衛生 (せいしんえいせい, seishin eisei) - mental health 精神鑑定 (せいしんかんてい, seishin kantei) - a psychiatric test 精神教育 (せいしんきょういく, seishin kyōiku) - moral education 精神主義 (せいしんしゅぎ, seishin shugi) - spiritualism, idealism 精神障害 (せいしんしょうがい, seishin shōgai) - mental disorder 精神状態 (せいしんじょうたい, seishin jōtai) - one's state of mind 精神神経科 (せいしんしんけいようか, seishin shinkeiyōka) - neuropsychiatry

精神遅滞 (せいしんちたい, seishin chitai) - mental retardation 精神的 (せいしんてき, ​seishinteki) - mental, emotional 精神的外傷 (せいしんてきがいしょう, seishinteki gaishō) - a trauma 精神年齢 (せいしんねんれい, seishin nenrei) - mental age 精神薄弱 (せいしんはくじゃく, seishin hakujaku) - mental deficiency 精神病 (せいしんびょう, ​seishinbyō) - a mental illness 精神病院 (せいしんびょういん, seishin byōin) - a mental hospital 精神病学 (せいしんびょうがく, seishin byōgaku) - psychiatry 精神病患者 (せいしんびょうかんじゃ, seishinbyō kanja) - a mental patient 精神分析 (せいしんぶんせき, seishin bunseki) - psychoanalysis 精神分裂症 (せいしんぶんれつしょう, seishin bunretsushō) - schizophrenia 精神力 (せいしんりょく, ​seishinryoku) - mental power

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§Korean

Hanja in this word
精	神

§Noun

精神 (jeongsin) (hangeul 정신)

1. Hanja form^? of 정신, “spirit, mind”.

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§Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
精	神

§Noun

精神

1. Hán tự form of tinh thần, "spirit, mind"