精神

Chinese[edit]

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	God; unusual; mysterious God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being
simp. and trad. (精神)		精	神

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): jīngshén

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
Min Dong (BUC): cĭng-sìng
Min Nan (POJ): cheng-sîn
Wu (Wiktionary): jin zen (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīngshén
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshenr
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed) (精神兒／精神儿)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīngshénr
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshelr
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂəɻ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
  - Yale: jīng sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin´ siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
  - IPA: /t͡ɕin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng-sìng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)niŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³ ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɕin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin²³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: jin zen (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ⁵⁵ z̻əɲ²¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡siᴇŋ ʑiɪn/▼

Rime
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子盈切	食鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋ/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋ/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋ/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋ/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋ/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋ/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋ/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	shén

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*tseŋ Cə.li[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ hlin/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	shén
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjeng ›	‹ zyin ›
Old Chinese	/*tseŋ/	/*Cə.li[n]/
English	fine rice; pure	spirit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	精	神
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11327	11245
Phonetic component	生	申
Rime group	耕	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	精	神
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleŋ/	/*hlin/

Noun[edit]

精神

Adjective[edit]

精神

(attributive) spiritual; immaterial; cultural
(attributive) mental; psychiatric; psychological

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms from 精神

人文精神
人逢喜事精神爽 (rén féng xǐshì jīngshén shuǎng)
團隊精神／团队精神
弄精神
打起精神
抖搜精神
抖擻精神／抖擞精神 (dǒusǒu jīngshén)
摩羅精神／摩罗精神
放精神著
敬業精神／敬业精神
時代精神／时代精神 (shídài jīngshén)
民族精神
民族精神教育
科學精神／科学精神
立國精神／立国精神
精神出軌／精神出轨
精神分析 (jīngshén fēnxī)
精神分裂症 (jīngshén fēnlièzhèng)
精神可嘉
精神垃圾
精神堡壘／精神堡垒
精神外遇
精神失常 (jīngshén shīcháng)
精神奕奕
精神官能症 (jīngshén guānnéng zhèng)
精神恍惚
精神感召
精神感應／精神感应
精神抖擻／精神抖擞
精神支持 (jīngshén zhīchí)
精神文化

精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)
精神暴力
精神污染
精神治療／精神治疗 (jīngshén zhìliáo)
精神渙散／精神涣散
精神滿腹／精神满腹
精神煥發／精神焕发
精神生活
精神產品／精神产品
精神病 (jīngshénbìng)
精神病學／精神病学 (jīngshénbìngxué)
精神病院 (jīngshénbìngyuàn)
精神症
精神療法／精神疗法 (jīngshén liáofǎ)
精神缺陷
精神衛生／精神卫生 (jīngshén wèishēng)
精神財富／精神财富 (jīngshén cáifù)
精神醫學／精神医学 (jīngshén yīxué)
精神錦標／精神锦标
精神錯亂／精神错乱 (jīngshén cuòluàn)
精神面
精神食糧／精神食粮
螃蟹精神 (pángxiè jīngshén)
補精神／补精神
費盡精神／费尽精神
運動精神／运动精神
開國精神／开国精神
阿Q精神 (Ā-qiū jīngshén)
頤養精神／颐养精神
首創精神／首创精神
龍馬精神／龙马精神

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): jīngshen, jīngshén

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣ˙, ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ san⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chîn-sṳ̀n
Min Nan (POJ): cheng-sîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīngshen
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣ˙
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing.shen
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən²/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīngshén
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄕㄣˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingshenr
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹ san⁴
  - Yale: jīng sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ sen⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn-sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin´ siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin¹ sin²
  - IPA: /t͡ɕin²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-sîn
  - Tâi-lô: tsing-sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zengsiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³ ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɕin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin²³/

Adjective[edit]

精神

lively; active; brisk; in good spirits; spirited; energetic
(Northeastern Mandarin) pretty; handsome
(Jianghuai Mandarin) cautious; alert
(Jiaoliao Mandarin) shrewd

Verb[edit]

精神

(Hokkien) to wake up; to be awake

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (精神):

Japanese: 精 (せい)神 (しん) (seishin)
Korean: 정신 (精神, jeongsin)
Vietnamese: tinh thần (精神)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
精	神
せい Grade: 5	しん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) せーしん [séꜜèshìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA^(key): [se̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun[edit]

精神 (hiragana せいしん, rōmaji seishin)

psyche; spirit; soul; mind; will
- 2003 November 20, “ゴギガ・ガガギゴ [Gogiga Gagagigo]”, in 天空の聖域 [The Sanctuary in the Sky] (in Japanese), Konami:
  
  既 (すで)に精 (せい)神 (しん)は崩 (ほう)壊 (かい)し、肉 (にく)体 (たい)は更 (さら)なるパワーを求 (もと)めて暴 (ぼう)走 (そう)する。その姿 (すがた)にかつての面 (おも)影 (かげ)はない…。
  
  Sude ni seishin wa hōkaishi, nikutai wa saranaru pawā o motomete bōsōsuru. Sono sugata ni katsute no omokage wa nai….
  
  His mind long since collapsed, his body recklessly continues craving even more power. He no longer resembles his former self….

Derived terms[edit]

Compounds

精神界 (せいしんかい) (seishinkai): the spiritual world
精 (せい)神 (しん)療 (りょう)法 (ほう) (seishin ryōhō): psychotherapy
精 (せい)神 (しん)の中 (なか) (seishin no naka): "In the spirit of..." etc.
精神安定剤 (せいしんあんていざい) (seishin anteizai): a tranquilizer
精神医学 (せいしんいがく) (seishin igaku): psychiatry
精神異常 (せいしんいじょうしゃ) (seishin ijōsha): mental derangement
精 (せい)神 (しん)衛 (えい)生 (せい) (seishin eisei): mental health
精 (せい)神 (しん)鑑 (かん)定 (てい) (seishin kantei): a psychiatric test
精神教育 (せいしんきょういく) (seishin kyōiku): moral education
精 (せい)神 (しん)主 (しゅ)義 (ぎ) (seishin shugi): spiritualism, idealism
精神障害 (せいしんしょうがい) (seishin shōgai): mental disorder
精神状態 (せいしんじょうたい) (seishin jōtai): one's state of mind
精神神経科 (せいしんしんけいようか) (seishin shinkeiyōka): neuropsychiatry

精神遅滞 (せいしんちたい) (seishin chitai): mental retardation
精神的 (せいしんてき) (seishinteki): mental, emotional
精神的外傷 (せいしんてきがいしょう) (seishinteki gaishō): a trauma
精 (せい)神 (しん)年 (ねん)齢 (れい) (seishin nenrei): mental age
精神薄弱 (せいしんはくじゃく) (seishin hakujaku): mental deficiency
精 (せい)神 (しん)病 (びょう) (seishinbyō): a mental illness
精 (せい)神 (しん)病 (びょう)院 (いん) (seishin byōin): a mental hospital
精神病学 (せいしんびょうがく) (seishin byōgaku): psychiatry
精 (せい)神 (しん)病 (びょう)患 (かん)者 (じゃ) (seishinbyō kanja): a mental patient
精神分析 (せいしんぶんせき) (seishin bunseki): psychoanalysis
精神分裂症 (せいしんぶんれつしょう) (seishin bunretsushō): schizophrenia
精神力 (せいしんりょく) (seishinryoku): mental power

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term
精	神

Noun[edit]

精神 • (jeongsin) (hangeul 정신)

Hanja form^? of 정신, “spirit, mind”.

Vietnamese[edit]

Hán tự in this word
精	神

Noun[edit]

精神

Hán tự form of tinh thần, “spirit, mind”

精神

Contents

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Adjective[edit]

See also[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Verb[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Noun[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Noun[edit]

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