精

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精 U+7CBE, 精
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE
← 粽
[U+7CBD]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 粿 →
[U+7CBF]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character[edit]

精 (radical 119 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K))

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 910, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3150, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7CBE

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 精

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • zing1 - literary;
  • zeng1 - vernacular ("smart;
  • clever").
Note:
  • cĭng - literary;
  • ciăng - vernacular.
Note:
  • cheng - literary;
  • chiaⁿ/chiⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 精 精
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 子盈切 子姓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋ/ /t͡siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋ/ /t͡siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋ/ /t͡siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋ/ /t͡siajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋ/ /t͡siɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋ/ /t͡sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋ/ /t͡si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīng jìng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 精
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjeng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tseŋ/
English fine rice; pure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精 精
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11327 11337
Phonetic
component		 生 生
Rime
group		 耕 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精 精
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsleŋ/ /*ʔsleŋs/

Definitions[edit]

精

  1. polished rice
  2. essence; energy
  3. spirit; energy; vigour
  4. seminal fluid; semen
  5. spirit; soul
  6. essence; concentrate
  7. demon; goblin
  8. lean meat
  9. fine; refined
  10. pure; unmixed
  11. concentrated; sincere
  12. clear; bright
  13. exquisite; profound
  14. extremely; very
  15. to be proficient; to be expert at
  16. to expose; to be bare
  17. (Cantonese) smart; clever
  18. Alternative form of 睛 (level tone)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 精

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

精

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. essence

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
精
せい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

精 (-na inflection, hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. detailed, conscientious
  2. pure, refined
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of "精な"
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 精だろ せいだろ sei daro
Continuative (連用形) 精で せいで sei de
Terminal (終止形) 精だ せいだ sei da
Attributive (連体形) 精な せいな sei na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 精なら せいなら sei nara
Imperative (命令形) 精であれ せいであれ sei de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 精ではない
精じゃない		 せいではない
せいじゃない		 sei de wa nai
sei ja nai
Informal past 精だった せいだった sei datta
Informal negative past 精ではなかった
精じゃなかった		 せいではなかった
せいじゃなかった		 sei de wa nakatta
sei ja nakatta
Formal 精です せいです sei desu
Formal negative 精ではありません
精じゃありません		 せいではありません
せいじゃありません		 sei de wa arimasen
sei ja arimasen
Formal past 精でした せいでした sei deshita
Formal negative past 精ではありませんでした
精じゃありませんでした		 せいではありませんでした
せいじゃありませんでした		 sei de wa arimasen deshita
sei ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 精で せいで sei de
Conditional 精なら（ば） せいなら（ば） sei nara (ba)
Provisional 精だったら せいだったら sei dattara
Volitional 精だろう せいだろう sei darō
Adverbial 精に せいに sei ni
Degree 精さ せいさ seisa

Noun[edit]

精 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. polishing, refining
  2. care, conscientiousness
  3. something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
  4. vim and vigor, energy in doing things
  5. life force, vitality, the energy of living
  6. one's emotions, mind, or soul
  7. the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
  8. semen
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
精
しらげ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

精 (hiragana しらげ, rōmaji shirage)

  1. rice polishing, rice milling
  2. polished or milled rice
  3. excellence
Synonyms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune-Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

精 (tinh, tênh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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