精
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
精 (radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 910, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7CBE
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
精 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
精
- polished rice
- essence; energy
- spirit; energy; vigour
- seminal fluid; semen
- spirit; soul
- essence; concentrate
- demon; goblin
- (dialectal, of meat) lean
- fine; refined
- pure; unmixed
- concentrated; sincere
- clear; bright
- exquisite; profound
- extremely; very
- to be proficient; to be expert at
- to expose; to be bare
- smart; clever
- Alternative form of 睛
- (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡒ (dz-)
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 精
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Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
精
- ‡ strong
Pronunciation 3[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine”). (This character, 精, is a variant form of 晴.) |
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
精
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: くわしい (kuwashii, 精しい); しらげる (shirageru, 精げる)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 精 |
| せい Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
精 • (sei) (-na inflection, adnominal 精な (sei na), adverbial 精に (sei ni))
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 精
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない |
せいではない せいじゃない |
sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
| Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
| Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった |
せいではなかった せいじゃなかった |
sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
| Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
| Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません |
せいではありません せいじゃありません |
sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
| Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした |
せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした |
sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
| Conditional | 精なら（ば） | せいなら（ば） | sei nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
| Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
| Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
| Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |
Noun[edit]
- polishing, refining
- care, conscientiousness
- something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
- vim and vigor, energy in doing things
- life force, vitality, the energy of living
- one's emotions, mind, or soul
- the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
- semen
Synonyms[edit]
- (polishing): 研磨 (kenma)
- (refining): 精製 (seisei)
- (polished rice): 精米 (seimai); 白米 (hakumai)
- (care): 念入り (nen'iri)
- (vim): 元気 (genki)
- (vigor): 精力 (seiryoku)
- (emotions): 心 (kokoro)
- (mind): 精神 (seishin)
- (soul): 魂 (tamashī)
- (spirit): 精霊 (seirei)
- (sprite): 妖精 (yōsei)
- (semen): 精液 (seieki)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 精 |
| しらげ Grade: 5 |
| kun’yomi |
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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