精

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精 U+7CBE, 精
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE
← 粽
[U+7CBD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粿 →
[U+7CBF]
精 U+FA1D, 精
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D
← 靖
[U+FA1C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 羽 →
[U+FA1E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character[edit]

精 (radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 910, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7CBE

Chinese[edit]

trad. 精
simp. # 精
alternative forms 𰪱 second round simplified

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • zing1 - literary;
  • zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
  • Hakka
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • cĭng - literary;
    • ciăng - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • cheng - literary;
    • chiaⁿ, chiⁿ - vernacular.
    Note:
    • zêng1 - literary;
    • zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 精
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 子盈切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡siᴇŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡siɛŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡siæŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡siajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡siɛŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sĭɛŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡si̯ɛŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zing1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 精
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsjeng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tseŋ/
    English fine rice; pure

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 精
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11327
    Phonetic
    component         		生
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		精
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔsleŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    精

    1. polished rice
    2. essence; energy
    3. spirit; energy; vigour
    4. seminal fluid; semen
    5. spirit; soul
    6. essence; concentrate
    7. demon; goblin
    8. (dialectal, of meat) lean
    9. fine; refined
    10. pure; unmixed
    11. concentrated; sincere
    12. clear; bright
    13. exquisite; profound
    14. extremely; very
      叫雨淋了個精溼 / 叫雨淋了个精湿  ―  jiào yǔ lín le ge jīng shī  ―  Got made extremely wet by the rain.
    15. to be proficient; to be expert at
    16. to expose; to be bare
    17. smart; clever
      你以為你能玩兒得過他？他可精了。誰算計誰還不一定呢！ [MSC, trad.]
      你以为你能玩儿得过他？他可精了。谁算计谁还不一定呢！ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ néng wánr de guò tā? Tā kě jīng le. Shéi suànji shéi hái bùyīdìng ne! [Pinyin]
      You think you could defeat him? He is witted and alert. That who's going to set whom up is not certain yet!
    18. Alternative form of 睛
    19. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC t͡siᴇŋ)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 精液 (“semen”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 精
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 精液
    Mandarin Beijing 精液, 㞞
    Taiwan 精液, 洨, 精
    Harbin 㞞, 雞巴湯兒
    Muping 㞞, 精
    Jinan 㞞
    Luoyang 㞞
    Wanrong 㞞
    Xi'an 㞞
    Yinchuan 㞞
    Lanzhou 㞞
    Xining 㞞
    Ürümqi 㞞
    Wuhan 漿
    Chengdu 精水, 精液, 頭兒油, 化豬油, 豬油
    Guiyang 精水
    Liuzhou 精水
    Xuzhou 㞞
    Yangzhou 㞞
    Nanjing 㞞
    Cantonese Guangzhou 𨳍水
    Hong Kong 精液, 精
    Dongguan 精液
    Shaoguan 精水
    Nanning 𨳍水, 炮油
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 精液
    Gan Lichuan 精
    Hakka Meixian 膦屎
    Yudu 卵屎
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 膦屎
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 膦屎
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 膦屎
    Dongshi (Dabu) 膦屎
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 膦屎
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 漦
    Hong Kong 膦屎
    Senai (Huiyang) 膦屎
    Huizhou Jixi 㞞, 鳥漿
    Shexian 㞞
    Tunxi 精, 㞞
    Jin Taiyuan 精液
    Xinzhou 㞞, 㞞糊子
    Min Dong Fuzhou 精
    Min Nan Xiamen 潲
    Quanzhou 潲
    Zhangzhou 潲
    Taipei 潲
    Kaohsiung 潲
    Yilan 潲
    Changhua (Lukang) 潲
    Taichung 潲
    Taichung (Wuqi) 潲
    Tainan 潲
    Taitung 精
    Hsinchu 潲
    Penghu (Magong) 潲
    Penang (Hokkien) 潲
    Singapore (Hokkien) 潲
    Manila (Hokkien) 潲
    Chaozhou 潲
    Haifeng 潲
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 精
    Wenchang 精
    Haikou 精
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 精, 𨳍水
    Wu Shanghai 精, 白脫油, 白脫
    Chongming 㞞
    Suzhou 精
    Hangzhou 㞞, 陽水
    Danyang 㞞
    Ningbo 卵漿, 漿水
    Wenzhou 頹漿
    Jinhua 㞞
    Xiang Changsha 卵漿, 精子
    Loudi 卵水, 水, 漿, 烏龜尿
    Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧
    Mandarin Beijing 聰明
    Taiwan 聰明
    Jinan 聰明
    Xi'an 靈, 靈醒
    Wuhan 聰明
    Chengdu 精靈, 聰明
    Yangzhou 聰明
    Hefei 聰明
    Cantonese Guangzhou 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
    Hong Kong 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
    Taishan 聰明, 叻, 參
    Kaiping (Chikan) 叻
    Yangjiang 伶俐, 叻
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 精, 扮𠮨
    Singapore (Guangfu) 精, 叻, 醒目
    Gan Nanchang 精靈, 聰明
    Hakka Meixian 聰明, 機靈
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 聰明
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 聰明
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 聰明
    Dongshi (Dabu) 聰明, 精
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 聰明, 精
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 聰明
    Jin Taiyuan 機靈, 聰明
    Min Bei Jian'ou 聰明
    Min Dong Fuzhou 聰明
    Min Nan Xiamen 聰明
    Quanzhou 聰明, 骨鳥 derogatory
    Zhangzhou 聰明
    Taipei 聰明, 巧, 明白
    Singapore (Hokkien) 聰明
    Manila (Hokkien) 巧, 𠢕
    Chaozhou 聰明
    Singapore (Teochew) 聰明
    Wenchang 精
    Singapore (Hainanese) 精
    Wu Suzhou 聰明
    Wenzhou 靈, 聰明
    Xiang Changsha 靈泛, 聰明
    Shuangfeng 聰明

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 精

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 精
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 子姓切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡siᴇŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡siɛŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡siæŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡siajŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡siɛŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sĭɛŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡si̯ɛŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zing3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 精
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11337
    Phonetic
    component         		生
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		精
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔsleŋs/

    Definitions[edit]

    精

    1. ‡ strong

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine”).
    (This character, 精, is a variant form of 晴.)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    精

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. essence

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    精
    せい
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    精(せい) • (sei) -na (adnominal 精(せい)な (sei na), adverbial 精(せい)に (sei ni))

    1. detailed, conscientious
    2. pure, refined
    Inflection[edit]
    Inflection of 精
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 精だろ せいだろ sei daro
    Continuative (連用形) 精で せいで sei de
    Terminal (終止形) 精だ せいだ sei da
    Attributive (連体形) 精な せいな sei na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 精なら せいなら sei nara
    Imperative (命令形) 精であれ せいであれ sei de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 精ではない
    精じゃない         		せいではない
    せいじゃない         		sei de wa nai
    sei ja nai
    Informal past 精だった せいだった sei datta
    Informal negative past 精ではなかった
    精じゃなかった         		せいではなかった
    せいじゃなかった         		sei de wa nakatta
    sei ja nakatta
    Formal 精です せいです sei desu
    Formal negative 精ではありません
    精じゃありません         		せいではありません
    せいじゃありません         		sei de wa arimasen
    sei ja arimasen
    Formal past 精でした せいでした sei deshita
    Formal negative past 精ではありませんでした
    精じゃありませんでした         		せいではありませんでした
    せいじゃありませんでした         		sei de wa arimasen deshita
    sei ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 精で せいで sei de
    Conditional 精なら（ば） せいなら（ば） sei nara (ba)
    Provisional 精だったら せいだったら sei dattara
    Volitional 精だろう せいだろう sei darō
    Adverbial 精に せいに sei ni
    Degree 精さ せいさ seisa

    Noun[edit]

    精(せい) • (sei) 

    1. polishing, refining
    2. care, conscientiousness
    3. something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
    4. vim and vigor, energy in doing things
    5. life force, vitality, the energy of living
    6. one's emotions, mind, or soul
    7. the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
    8. semen
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    精
    しらげ
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    精(しらげ) • (shirage) 

    1. rice polishing, rice milling
    2. polished or milled rice
    3. excellence
    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    精: Hán Nôm readings: tinh[1][2][3]

    1. pure, unadulterated; refined
    2. essence, spirit
    3. detailed, conscientious
    4. smart, clever
    5. energy, vigour
    6. demon; goblin; spirit
    7. semen, seminal fluid, a sperm cell
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ^ Bonet (1899).
    3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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