精
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 910, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7CBE
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
trad. | 精 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 精 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰪱 |
Definitions[edit]
精
- polished rice
- essence; energy
- spirit; energy; vigour
- 故上悖日月之明,下爍山川之精,中墮四時之施,惴耎之蟲,肖翹之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
- It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.
故上悖日月之明,下烁山川之精,中堕四时之施,惴耎之虫,肖翘之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- seminal fluid; semen
- spirit; soul
- essence; concentrate
- demon; goblin
- (dialectal, of meat) lean
- alt. forms: 腈
- fine; refined
- pure; unmixed
- concentrated; sincere
- clear; bright
- exquisite; profound
- extremely; very
- to be proficient; to be expert at
- to expose; to be bare
- smart; clever
- Alternative form of 睛 (jīng).
- Alternative form of 菁 (jīng).
- Alternative form of 晶 (jīng).
- (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC t͡siᴇŋ)
Synonyms[edit]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瘦 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 瘦 |
Taiwan | 瘦 | |
Harbin | 瘦 | |
Muping | 瘦 | |
Jinan | 瘦 | |
Luoyang | 瘦 | |
Wanrong | 瘦 | |
Xi'an | 瘦 | |
Xining | 瘦 | |
Ürümqi | 瘦 | |
Wuhan | 瘦 | |
Chengdu | 瘦 | |
Guiyang | 瘦 | |
Guilin | 瘦 | |
Liuzhou | 瘦 | |
Xuzhou | 瘦 | |
Yangzhou | 瘦 | |
Nanjing | 瘦 | |
Hefei | 精 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 瘦 |
Hong Kong | 瘦 | |
Dongguan | 瘦 | |
Yangjiang | 瘦 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 瘦, 精 |
Lichuan | 精 | |
Pingxiang | 精 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 精 |
Yudu | 精 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 精 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 瘦 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 瘦 |
Songxi | 瘦 | |
Jianyang | 瘦 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 㾪 |
Gutian | 㾪 | |
Ningde | 赤 | |
Zhouning | 㾪 | |
Fuding | 赤 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 精, 赤 |
Quanzhou | 精 | |
Yongchun | 精, 赤 | |
Zhangzhou | 赤 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 精, 赤 | |
Longyan | 精 | |
Datian | 㾪 | |
Chaozhou | 精 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 精 |
Min Zhong | Yong'an | 瘦 |
Shaxian | 瘦 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 瘦 |
Wu | Shanghai | 精 |
Suzhou | 精 | |
Danyang | 精 | |
Ningbo | 精 | |
Wenzhou | 精 | |
Jinhua | 精 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 瘦, 精 |
Loudi | 精 | |
Shuangfeng | 瘦, 精 |
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
Taiwan | 聰明 | |
Jinan | 聰明 | |
Xi'an | 靈, 靈醒 | |
Wuhan | 聰明 | |
Chengdu | 精靈, 聰明 | |
Guilin | 聰明 | |
Yangzhou | 聰明 | |
Hefei | 聰明 | |
Malaysia | 聰明 | |
Singapore | 聰明 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 |
Hong Kong | 聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精 | |
Taishan | 聰明, 叻, 參 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 叻 | |
Yangjiang | 伶俐, 叻 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 精, 扮𠮨 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 精, 叻, 醒目 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 精靈, 聰明 |
Hakka | Meixian | 聰明, 機靈 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 | |
Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) | 聰明 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) | 聰明 | |
Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) | 聰明, 精 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) | 聰明, 精 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) | 聰明 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 將 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈, 聰明 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 聰明 |
Quanzhou | 聰明, 骨鳥 derogatory | |
Zhangzhou | 聰明 | |
Taipei | 聰明, 巧, 明白 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 聰明, 𠢕, 勥 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 巧, 𠢕 | |
Chaozhou | 聰明 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 聰明 | |
Wenchang | 精 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 精 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
Ningbo | 聰明 | |
Wenzhou | 靈, 聰明 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛, 聰明 |
Shuangfeng | 聰明 |
Compounds[edit]
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Pronunciation 2[edit]
trad. | 精 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 精 |
Definitions[edit]
精
- ‡ strong
Pronunciation 3[edit]
trad. | 精 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 精 |
For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine; cloudless”). (This character, 精, is a variant form of 晴.) |
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
精 | |
精 |
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 精)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: くわしい (kuwashii, 精しい); しらげる (shirageru, 精げる)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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精 |
せい Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
精 • (sei) -na (adnominal 精な (sei na), adverbial 精に (sei ni))
Inflection[edit]
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない |
せいではない せいじゃない |
sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった |
せいではなかった せいじゃなかった |
sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません |
せいではありません せいじゃありません |
sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした |
せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした |
sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
Conditional | 精なら(ば) | せいなら(ば) | sei nara (ba) |
Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |
Noun[edit]
- polishing, refining
- care, conscientiousness
- something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
- vim and vigor, energy in doing things
- life force, vitality, the energy of living
- one's emotions, mind, or soul
- the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
- semen
Synonyms[edit]
- (polishing): 研磨 (kenma)
- (refining): 精製 (seisei)
- (polished rice): 精米 (seimai); 白米 (hakumai)
- (care): 念入り (nen'iri)
- (vim): 元気 (genki)
- (vigor): 精力 (seiryoku)
- (emotions): 心 (kokoro)
- (mind): 精神 (seishin)
- (soul): 魂 (tamashī)
- (spirit): 精霊 (seirei)
- (sprite): 妖精 (yōsei)
- (semen): 精液 (seieki)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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精 |
しらげ Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
精: Hán Nôm readings: tinh[1][2][3]
- pure, unadulterated; refined
- essence, spirit
- detailed, conscientious
- smart, clever
- energy, vigour
- demon; goblin; spirit
- semen, seminal fluid, a sperm cell
Derived terms[edit]
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