巧
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
巧 (radical 48 工+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一一女尸 (MMVS), four-corner 11127, composition ⿰工丂)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 325, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8721
- Dae Jaweon: page 628, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 412, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5DE7
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
巧 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 丂 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 攷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 考 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 烤 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 拷 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 栲 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 洘 | *kʰluːʔ |
| 銬 | *kʰluːs |
| 巧 | *kʰruːʔ, *kʰruːs |
| 朽 | *qʰluʔ |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): haau2, kiu2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kháu / khiáu
- Min Nan (POJ): khá / khiáu / kháu
- Wu (Wiktionary): qiau (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˇ
- Wade-Giles: ch'iao3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheau
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: haau2, kiu2
- Yale: háau, kíu
- Cantonese Pinyin: haau2, kiu2
- Guangdong Romanization: hao2, kiu2
- IPA (key): /hɑːu̯³⁵/, /kʰiːu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
Note:
- haau2 - literary;
- kiu2 - vernacular variant (“skillful; opportune”, also written as 竅).
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu / khiáu
- Hakka Romanization System: kau` / kiau`
- Hagfa Pinyim: kau3 / kiau3
- IPA: /kʰa̯u³¹/, /kʰi̯au̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khá / khiáu / kháu
- Tâi-lô: khá / khiáu / kháu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qar, qiao, qao
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰa⁵³/, /kʰiaʊ⁵³/, /kʰaʊ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰa⁵⁵⁴/, /kʰiaʊ⁵⁵⁴/, /kʰaʊ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰa⁵³/, /kʰiaʊ⁵³/, /kʰaʊ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰa⁵³/, /kʰiaʊ⁵³/, /kʰaʊ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰa⁴¹/, /kʰiaʊ⁴¹/, /kʰaʊ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- khá - vernacular (“rare but exquisite; fake; cunning”);
- khiáu - vernacular (“ingenious; cunning; skillful; pretty”);
- kháu - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: qiau (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɔ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 巧 | 巧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 肴 (90) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 苦絞切 | 苦敎切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰˠauX/ | /kʰˠauH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰᵚauX/ | /kʰᵚauH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰauX/ | /kʰauH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰaɨwX/ | /kʰaɨwH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰauX/ | /kʰauH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰauX/ | /kʰauH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰauX/ | /kʰauH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qiǎo | qiào |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 巧 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qiǎo |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khæwX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[kʰ]ˤruʔ/ |
| English | artful |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 巧 | 巧 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7410 | 7411 |
| Phonetic component |
丂 | 丂 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
巧 | 敲 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰruːʔ/ | /*kʰruːs/ |
Definitions[edit]
巧
- skill; technique
- ingenious; skillful
- hypocritical; fake; cunning
- exquisite; elaborate
- (Xiamen, Zhangzhou Min Nan) pretty; beautiful
- opportune; coincidental
- fortunately; by chance
- (Hefei Mandarin) cheap
- A surname.
Synonyms[edit]
| Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 便宜、低廉 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 便宜、賤 |
| Taiwan | 便宜 | |
| Jinan | 便宜、賤 | |
| Xi'an | 便宜、賤 | |
| Wuhan | 便宜、相因 | |
| Chengdu | 相因、便宜 | |
| Yangzhou | 便宜、划廉 | |
| Hefei | 巧、便宜 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 平 |
| Hong Kong | 平 | |
| Taishan | 平 | |
| Yangjiang | 平、平宜 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 便宜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 便宜、平 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 便宜 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 便宜 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 便宜 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 便宜 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 便宜 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 便宜 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 便宜、賤 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 便宜 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 便宜 |
| Matsu | 便宜 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 俗、便宜 |
| Quanzhou | 俗、便宜 | |
| Zhangzhou | 俗、便宜 | |
| Taipei | 俗、便宜 | |
| Kaohsiung | 俗、便宜 | |
| Penang | 便宜 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 俗 | |
| Chaozhou | 便 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 𠼢、便宜 |
| Suzhou | 便宜、𠼢 | |
| Wenzhou | 倯、便宜 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 便宜 |
| Shuangfeng | 便宜、賤 | |
| Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 聰明、伶俐、聰敏、聰穎 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聰明、機靈、伶俐、聰敏、聰穎、聰慧 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 聰明 |
| Taiwan | 聰明 | |
| Jinan | 聰明 | |
| Xi'an | 靈、靈醒 | |
| Wuhan | 聰明 | |
| Chengdu | 精靈、聰明 | |
| Yangzhou | 聰明 | |
| Hefei | 聰明 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 聰明、醒、醒目、叻 |
| Hong Kong | 聰明、醒、醒目、叻 | |
| Yangjiang | 伶俐、叻 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 精靈、聰明 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 聰明、機靈 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 聰明 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 聰明 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 聰明 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 聰明、精 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 聰明、精 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 聰明 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 機靈、聰明 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 聰明 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 聰明 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 聰明 |
| Quanzhou | 聰明 | |
| Zhangzhou | 聰明 | |
| Taipei | 聰明、巧、明白 | |
| Chaozhou | 聰明 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 聰明 |
| Wenzhou | 靈、聰明 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靈泛、聰明 |
| Shuangfeng | 聰明 | |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 巧
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|
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
巧
- clever, skillful
Readings[edit]
- Goon: きょう (kyō)
- Kan’on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: うまい (umai, 巧い); たくみ (takumi, 巧み, Jōyō); たくむ (takumu, 巧む); さとい (satoi)
Proper noun[edit]
巧 (hiragana たくみ, rōmaji Takumi)
- A male given name
巧 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō, historical hiragana かう)
- A male given name
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
巧 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune-Reischauer kyo)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
巧 (xảo)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
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