靈

See also: 霊 and 灵

Translingual

Traditional	靈
Shinjitai	霊
Simplified	灵

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 靈
Small seal script

Han character

靈 (radical 173 雨+16, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一月口口人 (MBRRO) or 一月口口一 (MBRRM), four-corner 1010₈, composition ⿱霝巫)

1. spirit, soul
2. spiritual world

References

• KangXi: page 1380, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42532
• Dae Jaweon: page 1889, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4082, character 12
• Unihan data for U+9748

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Chinese

trad.		靈
simp.		灵

Alternative forms

• 㚑, 霊, 霛, 䨩, 𠳄, 𡀓, 𢩙, 𢩝, 𤫊, 𤴤, 𧈀, 𧨈, 𩂊, 𩂳, 𩃏, 𩃗, 𩃞, 𩄇, 𩅶, 𩆕, 𩆜, 𩆮

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): líng (ling²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lìn
• Min Nan (POJ): lêng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: líng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ling²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
    • IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: linˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lin²
    • IPA: /lin¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
    • Tâi-lô: lîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /leŋ/▼

Rime
Character	靈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎丁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/leŋ/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[r]ˤeŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ leng ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤeŋ/
English	supernatural
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靈
Reading #	1/1
No.	8259
Phonetic component	霝
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/

Noun

靈

1. soul; spirit

Compounds

• 靈芝／灵芝 (língzhī)
• 靈氣／灵气 (língqì)
• 幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng, “a ghost”)

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Japanese

Kanji

靈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 霊)

1. spirit, soul

Readings

• Goon: りょう (ryō), (historical) りやう (ryau)
• Kan’on: れい (rei)
• Kun: たま (tama)

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Korean

Hanja

靈 • ‎(ryeong, yeong) (hangeul 령, 영, revised ryeong, yeong, McCune-Reischauer ryŏng, yŏng, Yale lyeung, yeung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

靈 (linh, lanh, lẻng, leng, lênh, liêng, lình)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.