心
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms[edit]
- 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
- 㣺 (sometimes found as a bottom Chinese radical in characters such as 慕)
Han character[edit]
心 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 33000, composition ⿲丿⿺乚丶丶 or ⿲丿⿺㇃丶丶)
- Kangxi radical #61, ⼼.
Usage notes[edit]
When written as a bottom radical, 心 is similar to 灬 (fire radical) but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/心
- 伈, 𠖶, 吣, 𡉾, 𡚿, 抋, 沁, 𣅵, 𦙦, 杺, 𤆸, 𬌓, 𪻒, 𥘚, 𥹀, 𥿂, 𬚲, 𠴤, 𫴭, 訫, 𧺨, 𨊳, 𨠉, 鈊, 𪶚, 𩵽, 𩾽
- 吢, 𬐘, 𠓣, 孞, 𫲽, 芯, 𬅟, 𬌔, 𥥁, 𡧫, 𬜫, 𬔰, 窓, 𩂈, 𦵃, 𮪾, 𠼿, 𥯱, 𧃅, 𧀱, 𧂡, 𥌷, 𧮗, 𫻪, 𠪾, 𤵂, 𤻮, 虑, 𧆹, 闷, 𨶡
- 徳, 聴, 𠍴, 𠎝, 䧭, 䏋
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 375, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
- Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2267, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5FC3
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
心 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 心 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(j)am-s.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
心
- heart (Classifier: 顆/颗 m; 個/个 c; 粒 mn)
- mind
- thought; idea
- intention
- center; core
- (~宿) (Chinese astronomy) Heart mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kun: こころ (kokoro, 心, Jōyō); うら (ura, 心)
- Nanori: うち (uchi); きよ (kiyo); ご (go); ごり (gori); さね (sane); なか (naka); まこと (makoto); み (mi); むね (mune); もと (moto)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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心 |
こころ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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情 (rare) 意 (rare) |
⟨ko2ko2ro2⟩ → */kəkərə/ → /kokoro/
From Old Japanese 心 (ko2ko2ro2), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kəkərə. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) こころ [kòkóróꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[2][3]
- (Tokyo) こころ [kòkóꜜrò] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ko̞ɾo̞]
Audio (file)
Noun[edit]
- mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
- 2007 March 16, CLAMP, “Chapitre.134 唯一の存在 [Chapitre 134: The Only One]”, in ツバサ RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE [Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle], volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 31–32:
- ‥‥それでも行きます 小狼君の心を取り戻す為に
- ‥‥Sore demo ikimasu Shaoran-kun no kokoro o torimodosu tame ni
- …Even so, I will go on, to get back Xiaolang-kun’s heart
- ‥‥それでも行きます 小狼君の心を取り戻す為に
- 心の底から ― kokoro no soko kara ― from the bottom of one's heart
- 人の心を奪う ― hito no kokoro o ubau ― to steal someone's heart → to captivate someone
- attention, mind, interest
- 心ここにあらず ― kokoro koko ni arazu ― absent minded
- heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
- 心温まる風景 ― kokoro atatamaru fūkei ― a heart warming situation
- wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
- 心のこもっていない ― kokoro no komotteinai ― not sincere
- 心のこもった ― kokoro no komotta ― sincere
- 心なき仕業 ― kokoro naki shiwaza ― cruel deed
- sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
- 心がない ― kokoro ga nai ― lacking sympathy and consideration
- a meaning, essence
- その心が分かっていない ― sono kokoro ga wakatteinai ― not understanding what it really means
- an answer (to a riddle, etc.)
- その心は ― sono kokoro wa ― the answer is
- the heart as an organ in the body
- Synonym: 心臓 (shinzō)
- the chest
- Synonym: 胸 (mune)
- the title of a book
- Synonym: 書名 (shomei)
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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心 |
うら Grade: 2 |
irregular |
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”) and 浦 (ura, “inlet”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Prefix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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心 |
しん Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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芯 (center) |
/simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a heart, mind, core
- a spirit, vitality
- inner strength, marrow
- the center of something:
- 心, 芯: a wick
- (Buddhism) citta: the ego or spirit
- (Buddhism) Short for 心王 (shinnō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - the heart as an organ in the body
- lead (as of a pencil)
- padding
- a companion, fellow
- the center of focus:
- a basis, foundation
Affix[edit]
- Short for 心臓 (shinzō): heart as an organ in the body
- Short for 心頭 (shintō): heart, mind, spirit
- Short for 中心 (chūshin): center, middle
Proper noun[edit]
- (Chinese astronomy) the Heart constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
- a male or female given name
- a surname
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 심 (Yale: sìm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ (Yale: mòzòm) | 심 (Yale: sìm) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰim]
- Phonetic hangul: [심]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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心 |
くくる Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *kokoro.
Cognate with mainland Japanese 心 (kokoro).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
心 (hiragana くくる, rōmaji kukuru)
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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心 |
ふくまーみ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From 肺 (fuku, “lung”) + 豆 (māmi, “bean”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
心 (hiragana ふくまーみ, rōmaji fukumāmi)
- (anatomy) a heart
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
心 |
しん Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling | 芯 |
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From Middle Chinese 心 (MC siɪm).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 田心姫 (Tago2ri-pi1me1)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Japonic *kəkərə.
Noun[edit]
心 (ko2ko2ro2) (kana こころ)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 心 (kokoro)
Etymology 2[edit]
Possibly the eastern dialect form or a misreading of ko2ko2ro2 above.
Noun[edit]
心 (ko2ko2ri) (kana ここり)
- (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) Same as コ乙コ乙ロ乙 (ko2ko2ro2) above
Usage notes[edit]
Given this Eastern reflex, some scholars interpret the 里 as ⟨ro2⟩ rather than ⟨ri⟩, thus giving the impression that the term is the same ko2ko2ro2 used in other attestations. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Etymology 3[edit]
Cognate with 裏 (ura, “inside”) and 浦 (ura, “inlet”).
Noun[edit]
心 (ura) (kana うら)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 心 (ura)
Prefix[edit]
心 (ura-) (kana うら)
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
心: Hán Việt readings: tâm (
心: Nôm readings: tâm[1][2][4][6], tấm[3][7][4][6], tim[1][3], tăm[1]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
Zhuang[edit]
Noun[edit]
心
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading しむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading うち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ご
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ごり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まこと
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading むね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading もと
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- ja:Buddhism
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- ja:Theater
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- Japanese male given names
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- Okinawan kanji with kun reading くくる
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- Okinawan kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation
- Okinawan kanji with on reading しん
- Okinawan terms spelled with 心 read as くくる
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- Okinawan terms spelled with 心 read as しん
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