心

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See also: 必

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
心-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
  • 㣺 (sometimes when used as a bottom Chinese radical, like 慕)

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 61 心

心 (radical 61 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 33000)

  1. Kangxi radical #61, ⼼ ‎(“heart”).

Usage notes[edit]

When written as a bottom radical, it is similar to 灬 but is distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, passing under the third stroke – this is an important composition detail.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 375, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
  • Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2267, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5FC3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 心

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 心
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
心-oracle.svg 心-bronze.svg 心-silk.svg 心-bigseal.svg 心-seal.svg

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 心
Mandarin Beijing /ɕin⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕin⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕin²¹/
Jinan /ɕiẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /siə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /sin²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiẽ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sin¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sin³³/
Xiangtan /sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sim⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sim²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /seiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sim³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tim²³/
Rime
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息林切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sim/
Li
Rong		 /siəm/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*səm/
English heart

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 心
Reading # 1/1
No. 13801
Phonetic
component		 心
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 心
Old
Chinese		 /*slɯm/

Definitions[edit]

心

  1. heart   (Classifier: 顆／颗 m)
  2. mind
  3. thought; idea
  4. intention
  5. center; core

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 心

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
心

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Terms derived from 心

Phrases[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
心
こころ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/ko2ko2ro2/: *[kəkərə] > [kokoro].

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

心 ‎(hiragana こころ, romaji kokoro)

  1. mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
  2. attention, mind, interest
  3. heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
  4. wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
  5. sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
  6. meaning, essence; answer (as to a riddle)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
心
うら
Grade: 2
Irregular

Cognate with 裏 ‎(ura, “inside”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Irregular reading)
  • IPA(key): [ɯᵝɾ̠a̠]

Noun[edit]

心 ‎(hiragana うら, romaji ura)

  1. inner feelings; heart

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
心
しん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

心 ‎(hiragana しん, romaji shin)

  1. heart, mind, core; spirit, vitality; inner strength, marrow
  2. core (as of a fruit); wick; lead (as of a pencil); padding
Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

心 • ‎(sim)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 심 (revised: sim, McCune-Reischauer: sim, Yale: sim)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

心 (tâm, tấm, tim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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