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占

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 佔
占 U+5360, 占
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5360
← 卟
[U+535F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卡 →
[U+5361]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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占 (Kangxi radical 25, 卜+3, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 卜口 (YR), four-corner 21600, composition ⿱⺊口)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 157, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2780
  • Dae Jaweon: page 361, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 92, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5360

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 占

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 卜 (“divination”) + 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note: ziang1 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 占
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 職廉切
Baxter tsyem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciam/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiɛm/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭɛm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zim1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 占
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyem ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tem/
English prognosticate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 占
Reading # 1/2
No. 16706
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		詹
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔljem/

Definitions

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占

  1. to divine; to foretell
  2. (obsolete) to watch or to peep
  3. Variant pronunciation of sense "to recount orally" below
  4. (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) cent
  5. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 分 (“fen; cent”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 分
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 分
Taiwan 分
Malaysia 仙
Singapore 分
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 分
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 分
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 分
Wuhan 分
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 分
Hefei 分
Cantonese Guangzhou 分
Hong Kong 仙, 仙士 dated
Taishan 分, 仙
Singapore (Guangfu) 分
Gan Nanchang 分
Hakka Meixian 分
Jin Taiyuan 分
Northern Min Jian'ou 分
Eastern Min Fuzhou 分
Southern Min Xiamen 占, 分
Quanzhou 占
Zhangzhou 占
Tainan 仙
Penang (Hokkien) 鐳, sen
Singapore (Hokkien) 占
Manila (Hokkien) 仙
Chaozhou 分
Singapore (Teochew) 占
Singapore (Hainanese) 占
Wu Suzhou 分
Wenzhou 分
Xiang Changsha 分
Shuangfeng 分
Compounds
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References

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note: ziang3 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 占
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章豔切
Baxter tsyemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciamH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭɛmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zim3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 占
Reading # 2/2
No. 16709
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		占
Old
Chinese 		/*tjems/

Definitions

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占

  1. to recount orally

Usage notes

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Sources vary in the pronunciation of sense "to recount orally". Zhengzitong recorded a level tone, yet Zihui recorded a departing tone.

The standard Mandarin pronunciation is zhàn in Mainland China and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from English jam.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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占

  1. (Cantonese) jam (type of fruit preserve)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 果醬 (“fruit preserve; jam; jelly”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 果醬, 果子醬
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 果醬
Cantonese Guangzhou 果醬, 果占
Hong Kong 果醬, 果占, 占
Hakka Meixian 果醬
Southern Min Xiamen 苒
Shantou 果醬

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 占 – see 佔 (“to occupy; to possess; to whisper; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 佔).
Notes:

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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占

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Noun

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Kanji in this term
占
うら
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
卜

占(うら) • (ura) 

  1. (archaic) fortune-telling

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyemH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

占 (eumhun 차지할 점 (chajihal jeom))

  1. hanja form? of 점 (“to hold; to occupy”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 占 (MC tsyem).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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占 (eumhun 점칠 점 (jeomchil jeom))

  1. hanja form? of 점 (“to augur; to divine”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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占: Hán Việt readings: chiêm[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], chiếm[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
占: Nôm readings: chiêm[1][2][3][4][7][8][9], chắm[1][4][7][8][9], chăm[1][3][4][5], chễm[1][3][4][5], chím[3][4][5], giếm[3][4][5], chém[1][2], xem[1][3], chấm[1], chim[1], coi[3], chem[3], chằm[3], chầm[3], chẻm[4], chúm[4], chàm[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of Chiêm
    1. short for Chiêm Thành (“Champa”)
    2. short for lúa Chiêm (“fifth-month rice; summer crop”)
  2. chữ Hán form of chiếm (“to occupy; to appropriate; to seize”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of chăm (“to diligently look after; diligent; hard-working”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of chấm (“to dip; to tap; to barely touch”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of chễm (“used in chễm chệ (“impressively; majestically; imposingly”)”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of chiêm (“used in chiêm bao (“(literary) to dream”)”)
  7. chữ Nôm form of chim (“bird”)
  8. chữ Nôm form of xem (“to see; to look at; to watch”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 Takeuchi (1988).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Hồ (1976).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Bonet (1899).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Génibrel (1898).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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