From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+82EB, 苫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82EB

[U+82EA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+82EC]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 140, +5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 44601, composition )

  1. rush or straw matting

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3189, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Pronunciation 1[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (26) (26)
Final () (153) (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter syem syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong
/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shān shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sim1 sim3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shān shàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions[edit]

  1. to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2[edit]



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (26) (26)
Final () (153) (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter syem syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong
/ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shān shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sim1 sim3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shān shàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions[edit]

  1. straw mat

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. woven mat

Readings[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Kanji in this term
とま
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology 1[edit]

⟨to2ma⟩ → */təma//toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the verb ()まる (tomaru, to stay), or from ()まる (tomaru, to stop), in reference to thatched roofs under which boats or people stay, or which stop falling rain. Other suggested sources include 鳥羽(とは) (toha, bird's wing; feather) or () (to, door; house) + () (mo, clothing; covering).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(とま) (toma

  1. a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
  2. (historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters
Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

(とま) (Toma

  1. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
とば
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun[edit]

(とば) (toba

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
  2. (rare) a kimono
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
のま
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

Plosive /t-/ → nasal /n-/ variant of toma above.

Contemporary attestation in the Tōhoku and Hokuriku regions of northern Japan.[4]

Noun[edit]

(のま) (noma

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Andrea Grafetstätter; Sieglinde Hartmann (2011), James Michael Ogier, editor, Islands and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History: Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (Volume 14 of Beihefte zur Mediaevistik), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 116
  4. ^ 1989, 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(jeom) (hangeul , revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.