站

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站 U+7AD9, 站
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AD9
← 竘
[U+7AD8]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 竚 →
[U+7ADA]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

站 (radical 117 立+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿卜口 (YTYR), four-corner 01160, composition ⿰立占)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 870, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1300, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2707, character 28
  • Unihan data for U+7AD9

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 站
alt. forms 佔／占
趈
跕
𥩠
駅 modern Hong Kong

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rteːms): semantic 立 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: cham - "station".
Note:
  • cáng - "stand" (literary);
  • câng - "station";
  • colloquially "stand" is 徛.
Note:
  • chǎm/chām - literary;
  • chàn - vernacular (俗).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 站 (站立)
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂan⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡san⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂan³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡san²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡san³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡san¹³/
Guiyang /t͡san²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂæ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sæ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao
Hohhot /t͡sæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ze²³/
Suzhou /ze̞³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡za²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡san⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡san⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡san⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡san⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʃɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sam²²/
Nanning /t͡sam²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sam²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sam²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡saŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡saŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sam³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tam³³/
Rime
Character 站
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 陟陷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈəɨmH/
Li
Rong		 /ȶɐmH/
Wang
Li		 /ȶɐmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhàn
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 站
Reading # 1/1
No. 16695
Phonetic
component		 占
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 𪉜
Old
Chinese		 /*rteːms/

Etymology 1[edit]

"To stand": A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (lì) in most modern northern Chinese varieties.

Definitions[edit]

站

  1. to stand
    站起來 / 站起来  ―  zhànqǐlái  ―  stand up
  2. to stop, to halt
  3. (figuratively) to take a firm stance; to uphold the stand
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 站 (“to stand”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 立
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 站立
Mandarin Beijing 站
Taiwan 站
Tianjin 站
Harbin 站、杵
Jinan 站
Muping 立
Jiedian 立
Xi'an 站、立
Xining 站
Xuzhou 站
Yinchuan 站
Lanzhou 站
Ürümqi 站、立
Wuhan 站
Chengdu 站、立
Liuzhou 站
Yangzhou 站
Nanjing 站
Hefei 站
Malaysia 站
Singapore 站
Cantonese Guangzhou 徛
Hong Kong 徛
Dongguan 徛
Taishan 徛
Yangjiang 徛
Gan Nanchang 徛、站
Lichuan 徛
Pingxiang 徛、站
Hakka Meixian 徛
Xingning 徛
Huidong 徛
Qujiang 徛
Xiaosanjiang 徛
Changting 徛
Pingyu 徛
Wuping 徛
Liancheng 徛
Ninghua 徛
Yudu 徛
Ruijin 徛
Shicheng 徛
Shangyou 徛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 徛
Liudui (S. Sixian) 徛
Hsinchu (Hailu) 徛
Dongshi (Dabu) 徛
Zhuolan (Raoping) 徛
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 徛
Jin Taiyuan 站
Xinzhou 站
Min Bei Jian'ou 徛
Min Dong Fuzhou 徛
Min Nan Xiamen 徛
Quanzhou 徛
Zhangzhou 徛
Taipei 徛
Kaohsiung 徛
Tainan 徛
Taichung 徛
Hsinchu 徛
Lukang 徛
Sanxia 徛
Yilan 徛
Kinmen 徛
Magong 徛
Penang 徛
Singapore 徛
Philippines (Manila) 徛
Chaozhou 徛
Haikou 徛
Leizhou 徛
Pinghua Nanning 徛
Wu Shanghai 立
Suzhou 立
Hangzhou 立
Wenzhou 徛
Chongming 徛
Danyang 站、立
Jinhua 徛
Ningbo 立
Xiang Changsha 站、徛
Shuangfeng 徛
Loudi 徛
Note 徛 - often written as 企

Etymology 2[edit]

Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (“post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongolian ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongolian ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам (zam)).

Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Starostin considers the Turkic form a descendant of Proto-Altaic *ńi̯àmi (“trace”) and related to Proto-Mongolian *ǯim ("path, trace"; > Mongolian ᠵᠢᠮ (ǰim) / жим (žim)). Also compare Turkish yamçı (“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, “drive, coachman”).

There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongolian → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official.

In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw the profusion of use of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, ​eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)).

Definitions[edit]

站

  1. post station; relay station
  2. station; stand
    火車站 / 火车站  ―  huǒchēzhàn  ―  railway station
  3. Short for 網站／网站 (wǎngzhàn, “website”).
    站長 / 站长  ―  zhàncháng  ―  sysop
    B站  ―  B-zhàn  ―  Bilibili
    N站  ―  N-zhàn  ―  Nico Nico Douga

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 站

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

站

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

站 • (cham) (hangeul 참)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

站 (trạm, trậm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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