站
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
站(radical 117 立+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿卜口 (YTYR), four-corner 01160, composition ⿰立占)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 870, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25742
- Dae Jaweon: page 1300, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2707, character 28
- Unihan data for U+7AD9
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
站 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 佔／占 趈 跕 𥩠 駅 modern Hong Kong |
|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rteːms): semantic 立 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chham / cham
- Min Dong (BUC): cáng / câng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): ze (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: chan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂa̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zaam6
- Yale: jaahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam6
- Guangdong Romanization: zam6
- IPA (key): /t͡sɑːm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chham / cham
- Hakka Romanization System: cam / zam
- Hagfa Pinyim: cam4 / zam4
- IPA: /t͡sʰam⁵⁵/, /t͡sam⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cáng / câng
- IPA (key): /t͡sɑŋ²¹³/, /t͡sɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- cáng - "stand" (literary);
- câng - "station";
- colloquially "stand" is 徛.
- Min Nan
- chǎm/chām - literary;
- chàn - vernacular (俗).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zam6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsăm
- IPA (key): /t͡sam³⁵/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ze (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻e̞²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 站 (站立) |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂan⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡san⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂan³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sã⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡sã²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡san²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡san³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡san¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡san²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂã̠²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂæ̃⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sæ̃⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | ||
| Hohhot | /t͡sæ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ze²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ze̞³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zẽ̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /d͡za²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡san⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡san⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡san⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡san⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʃɑm⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sam²²/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sam²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sam²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sam²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡saŋ²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡saŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sam³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /tam³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 站 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 陟陷切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʈˠɛmH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈᵚæmH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȶɐmH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈəɨmH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȶɐmH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȶɐmH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȶămH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhàn |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 站 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16695 |
| Phonetic component |
占 |
| Rime group |
談 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
𪉜 |
| Old Chinese |
/*rteːms/ |
Etymology 1[edit]
"To stand": A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (lì) in most modern northern Chinese varieties.
Definitions[edit]
站
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (“post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongolian ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongolian ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам (zam)).
Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Starostin considers the Turkic form a descendant of Proto-Altaic *ńi̯àmi (“trace”) and related to Proto-Mongolian *ǯim ("path, trace"; > Mongolian ᠵᠢᠮ (ǰim) / жим (žim)). Also compare Turkish yamçı (“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, “drive, coachman”).
There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongolian → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official.
In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw the profusion of use of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)).
Definitions[edit]
站
Compounds[edit]
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
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Readings[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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