站
| ||||||||
Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
[edit]站 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿卜口 (YTYR), four-corner 01160, composition ⿰立占)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 870, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25742
- Dae Jaweon: page 1300, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2707, character 28
- Unihan data for U+7AD9
Chinese
[edit]
Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteːms) : semantic 立 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). A relatively late character – not found in Shuowen; found in Guangyun.
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
站 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 佔／占 趈 跕 𥩠 | |
A Northern Chinese word attested since the 9th-10th centuries. Displaced earlier 立 (OC *rɯb) in most modern northern Chinese varieties.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зан (zan, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): zan4
- Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): zam4
- Jin (Wiktionary): zan3
- Northern Min (KCR): ca̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): câng / cáng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ze
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zan4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
- Wade–Giles: chan4
- Yale: jàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
- Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zan4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡san²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зан (zan, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaam6
- Yale: jaahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam6
- Guangdong Romanization: zam6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zam5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sam³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡san³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zan3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ca̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: câng / cáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
- Tâi-lô: tsām
- Phofsit Daibuun: zam
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sam²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàn
- Tâi-lô: tsàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaxn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡san⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡san²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- chām/chǎm - literary;
- chàn - vernacular (俗).
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: treamH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*rteːms/
Definitions
[edit]站
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
站 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 跕 駅 modern Hong Kong | |
Generally considered to be a Mongolian influence in the Yuan Dynasty – an abbreviation of 站赤 (zhànchì, “post stations during the Yuan Dynasty”), from Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮᠴᠢ (ǰamči, “post station”) (> Mongolian замч (zamč, “guide; cicerone”)), a derivative of Middle Mongol ᠵᠠᠮ (ǰam, “way, path”) (> Mongolian зам (zam)).
Mongolian ǰam is undoubtedly cognate with Proto-Turkic *jam (“post station”) (> Turkish yam; ~ Russian ям (jam)) with the same meaning; see Yam (route). Also compare Turkish yamçı (“post rider”), Russian ямщи́к (jamščík, “drive, coachman”).
There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official.
In Chinese, this word has been competing with the native equivalent 驛／驿 (yì, “post station”) since its introduction. Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty saw a profusion of usages of zhàn, which was deliberately suppressed in the succeeding Ming Dynasty in favour of yì. Both were used in the subsequent Qing Dynasty, with zhàn eventually predominating in the modern times, being used to render the sense of "station" in modern concepts, such as "train station". Other Sinosphere countries show preference variations too: Vietnamese uses 站 (trạm), whereas Japanese and Korean still use 驛 for "station" (Japanese 駅 (えき, eki), Korean 역 (驛, yeok)).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зан (zan, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): zan4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zan3
- Northern Min (KCR): ca̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): câng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ze
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zan5 / zan4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
- Wade–Giles: chan4
- Yale: jàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
- Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zan4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡san²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зан (zan, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaam6
- Yale: jaahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam6
- Guangdong Romanization: zam6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zam5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sam³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡san³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cham
- Hakka Romanization System: zam
- Hagfa Pinyim: zam4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zan3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ca̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: câng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: zan5 / zan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡san²¹/, /t͡san⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- zan5 - vernacular;
- zan4 - literary.
Definitions
[edit]站
Descendants
[edit]Others:
Compounds
[edit]- 中站 (Zhōngzhàn)
- 中繼站／中继站
- 中轉站／中转站 (zhōngzhuǎnzhàn)
- 互聯網站／互联网站
- 停站
- 停車站／停车站
- 停靠站
- 公交站 (gōngjiāozhàn)
- 公共汽車站／公共汽车站 (gōnggòngqìchē zhàn)
- 兵站 (bīngzhàn)
- 加油站 (jiāyóuzhàn)
- 北京站
- 原子能發電站／原子能发电站
- 單連接站／单连接站
- 國際太空站／国际太空站
- 地熱電站／地热电站
- 地鐵站／地铁站 (dìtiězhàn)
- 基站 (jīzhàn)
- 多站
- 天后站
- 太空站 (tàikōngzhàn)
- 奶站
- 家壩水電站／家坝水电站
- 小靈通機站／小灵通机站
- 工作站 (gōngzuòzhàn)
- 巴士站 (bāshìzhàn)
- 彈藥補給站／弹药补给站
- 急救站
- 投票站 (tóupiàozhàn)
- 招呼站
- 抽水站
- 收廢站／收废站
- 收費站／收费站 (shōufèizhàn)
- 核電站／核电站 (hédiànzhàn)
- 檢查站／检查站 (jiǎncházhàn)
- 氣象站／气象站
- 氣象觀測站／气象观测站
- 水力發電站／水力发电站
- 水電站／水电站 (shuǐdiànzhàn)
- 汽車站／汽车站 (qìchēzhàn)
- 潮汐電站／潮汐电站
- 灌站
- 火車站／火车站 (huǒchēzhàn)
- 發射站／发射站 (fāshèzhàn)
- 發電站／发电站 (fādiànzhàn)
- 泵站
- 票站 (piàozhàn)
- 空間站／空间站 (kōngjiānzhàn)
- 站不住腳／站不住脚 (zhànbùzhùjiǎo)
- 站住 (zhànzhù)
- 站前區／站前区
- 站台 (zhàntái)
- 站員／站员
- 站姿 (zhànzī)
- 站崗／站岗 (zhàngǎng)
- 站橋／站桥 (Zhànqiáo)
- 站牌 (zhànpái)
- 站穩／站稳 (zhànwěn)
- 站立 (zhànlì)
- 站管理
- 站起
- 站起來／站起来 (zhàn qǐlai)
- 站軍姿／站军姿 (zhànjūnzī)
- 站長／站长 (zhànzhǎng)
- 站點／站点 (zhàndiǎn)
- 端站
- 管理站
- 糧站／粮站
- 終點站／终点站
- 網站／网站 (wǎngzhàn)
- 總站／总站 (zǒngzhàn)
- 罰站／罚站 (fázhàn)
- 航空站 (hángkōngzhàn)
- 航站 (hángzhàn)
- 船到碼頭，車到站／船到码头，车到站
- 補給站／补给站
- 記者站／记者站
- 變電站／变电站 (biàndiànzhàn)
- 貨站／货站
- 車站／车站 (chēzhàn)
- 軌道空間站／轨道空间站
- 載人軌道空間站／载人轨道空间站
- 轉運站／转运站 (zhuǎnyùnzhàn)
- 邊防站／边防站 (biānfángzhàn)
- 配電站／配电站
- 門戶網站／门户网站 (ménhù wǎngzhàn)
- 開站／开站 (kāizhàn)
- 雙連接站／双连接站
- 電灌站／电灌站 (diànguànzhàn)
- 電站／电站
- 驛站／驿站 (yìzhàn)
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #6449”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: てん (ten)←てん (ten, historical)←てむ (temu, ancient)
- Kan-on: たん (tan)←たん (tan, historical)←たむ (tamu, ancient)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]站: Hán Nôm readings: trạm, trậm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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