企

See also: 쇼

企	U+4F01, 企 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F01

← 伀
[U+4F00]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伂 →
[U+4F02]

㈽	U+323D, ㈽ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ENTERPRISE

← ㈼
[U+323C]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㈾ →
[U+323E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

企 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人卜中一 (OYLM), four-corner 8010₁, composition ⿱𠆢止)

Derived characters[edit]

㖉峜

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 422
Dae Jaweon: page 201, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 116, character 6
Unihan data for U+4F01

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		企

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 企

Shang

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Bronze inscriptions

Oracle bone script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j18796	j18797	j18798	j18799	j18800	j18801

**Small seal script**
s05659	s05660

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L20156	L20157	L20158	L20159

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐ, qì

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ, ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei¹, kei²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khî
Min Dong (BUC): kié
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khì / khí / thì

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): ⁵chi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³
  - Yale: chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kei⁵
  - Yale: kéih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei¹, kei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei³³/, /kʰei⁵⁵/

Note:

kei1 - literary and "to stand";
kei2 - home.

Hakka

(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî
- Hakka Romanization System: ki´
- Hagfa Pinyim: ki¹
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴/

Min Dong

(Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kié
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²¹³/

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
- Tâi-lô: khì
- Phofsit Daibuun: qix
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí
- Tâi-lô: khí
- Phofsit Daibuun: qie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³/
(Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thì
- Tâi-lô: thì
- Phofsit Daibuun: tix
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰi²¹/
(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gi⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wugniu: ⁵chi
- Wiktionary Romanisation: ²qi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: khjeX, khjieH

Rime
Character	企	企
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	丘弭切	去智切
Baxter	khjeX	khjieH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiᴇ^X/	/kʰiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚiɛ^X/	/kʰiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɛ^X/	/kʰjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjiə̆^X/	/kʰiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/kʰje^X/	/kʰie^H/
Wang Li	/kʰǐe^X/	/kʰǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰie̯^X/	/kʰie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei²	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰeʔ/, /*kʰeʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰeʔ/, /*kʰes/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	企	企
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khjie^X ›	‹ khjie^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰeʔ/	/*kʰeʔ-s/
English	stand on tiptoe	stand on tiptoe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	企	企
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10098	10099
Phonetic component	企	企
Rime group	支	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	跬	企
Old Chinese	/*kʰeʔ/	/*kʰes/

Definitions[edit]

企

^†(alternative form 跂) to stand on one's tiptoes
- 企者不立，跨者不行。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Qǐ zhě bù lì, kuà zhě bù xíng. [Pinyin]
  One who tiptoes does not stand [firmly]; one who strides does not walk [far].
(Cantonese, Hakka) to stand
^⁜ to expect anxiously
企望 ― qǐwàng ― to hope for
^⁜ to plan
企劃／企划 ― qǐhuà ― to plan; plan
(chiefly in compounds) Short for 企業／企业 (qǐyè, “enterprise”).
國企／国企 ― guóqǐ ― state-owned enterprise

私企 ― sīqǐ ― private enterprise

政企關係／政企关系 ― zhèng-qǐ guānxì ― relationship between the government and the enterprises
a surname
(Shanghainese Wu) straight; steep
搿個山坡老企個，直接看得到地垟搭，當心覅摜下去。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
搿个山坡老企个，直接看得到地垟搭，当心覅掼下去。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
⁸geq-gheq ¹se-phu ⁶lau ⁵ci ⁰gheq ⁸zeq-ciq ⁵khoe-teq-tau ⁶di-yan-taq ¹taon-shin ⁶viau ⁶gue-gho-ci [Wugniu]
This slope is very steep, you can see the ground from here, be careful not to fall.

Synonyms[edit]

(to stand):

Dialectal synonyms of 站 (“to stand”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		立
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		站立
Mandarin	Beijing	站
	Taiwan	站
	Tianjin	站
	Harbin	站, 杵
	Yantai (Muping)	立
	Jinan	站
	Wanrong	立
	Xi'an	站, 立
	Yinchuan	站
	Lanzhou	站
	Xining	站
	Ürümqi	站, 立
	Yanqi	站
	Wuhan	站
	Chengdu	站, 立
	Guilin	站
	Liuzhou	站
	Xuzhou	站
	Yangzhou	站
	Nanjing	站
	Hefei	站
	Yanping	立
	Malaysia	站
	Singapore	站
Cantonese	Guangzhou	徛
	Hong Kong	徛
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	徛
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	徛
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	徛
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	徛
	Macau	徛
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	徛
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	徛
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	徛
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	徛
	Foshan	徛
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	徛
	Foshan (Shunde)	徛
	Foshan (Sanshui)	徛
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	徛
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	徛
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	徛
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	徛
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	徛
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	徛
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	徛
	Taishan	徛
	Kaiping (Chikan)	徛
	Enping (Niujiang)	徛
	Heshan (Yayao)	徛
	Dongguan	徛
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	徛
	Qingyuan	徛
	Fogang	徛
	Yingde (Hanguang)	徛
	Yangshan	徛
	Lianshan (Butian)	徛
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	徛
	Shaoguan	徛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	徛
	Renhua	徛
	Lechang	徛
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	徛
	Sihui	徛
	Guangning	徛
	Deqing	徛
	Huaiji	徛
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	徛
	Yunfu	徛
	Xinxing	徛
	Luoding	徛
	Yangjiang	徛
	Xinyi	徛
	Maoming (Xinpo)	徛
	Lianjiang	徛
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	徛
	Nanning	徛
	Yulin	徛
	Beihai	徛
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	徛
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	徛
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	徛
	Danzhou	徛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	徛
	Singapore (Guangfu)	徛
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	徛
	Móng Cái	徛
Gan	Nanchang	徛, 站
	Lichuan	徛
	Pingxiang	徛, 站
Hakka	Meixian	徛
	Xingning	徛
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	徛
	Huidong (Daling)	徛
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	徛
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	徛
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	徛
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	徛
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	徛
	Zijin	徛
	Wengyuan	徛
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	徛
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	徛
	Liannan	徛
	Conghua (Lütian)	徛
	Jiexi	徛
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	徛
	Changting	徛
	Wuping	徛
	Wuping (Yanqian)	徛
	Wuping (Pingyu)	徛
	Liancheng	徛
	Ninghua	徛
	Yudu	徛
	Ruijin	徛
	Shicheng	徛
	Shangyou (Shexi)	徛
	Tonggu (Sandu)	徛
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	徛
	Dayu	徛
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	徛
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	徛
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	徛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	徛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	徛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	徛
	Hong Kong	徛
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	徛
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	徛
	Xinyi (Sihe)	徛
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	徛
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	徛
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	徛
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	徛
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	徛
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	徛
	Mengshan (Xihe)	徛
	Luchuan	徛
	Senai (Huiyang)	徛
Jin	Taiyuan	站
Jin	Xinzhou	站
Min Bei	Jian'ou	徛
Min Dong	Fuzhou	徛
	Changle	徛
	Fuqing	徛
	Yongtai	徛
	Gutian	徛
	Fu'an	徛
	Ningde	徛
	Shouning	徛
	Zhouning	徛
	Fuding	徛
Min Nan	Xiamen	徛
	Quanzhou	徛
	Yongchun	徛
	Dehua	徛
	Zhangzhou	徛
	Taipei	徛
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	徛
	Kaohsiung	徛
	Yilan	徛
	Changhua (Lukang)	徛
	Taichung	徛
	Tainan	徛
	Hsinchu	徛
	Kinmen	徛
	Penghu (Magong)	徛
	Penang (Hokkien)	徛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	徛
	Manila (Hokkien)	徛
	Guilin (Biyange)	站
	Chaozhou	徛
	Shantou	徛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	徛
	Jieyang	徛
	Haifeng	徛
	Bangkok (Teochew)	徛
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	徛
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	徛
	Singapore (Teochew)	徛
	Pontianak (Teochew)	徛
	Leizhou	徛
	Wenchang	徛
	Haikou	徛
	Singapore (Hainanese)	徛
Puxian Min	Putian	徛
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	徛
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	徛
Wu	Shanghai	立
	Shanghai (Chongming)	徛
	Suzhou	立
	Danyang	站, 立
	Hangzhou	立
	Ningbo	立
	Wenzhou	徛
	Jinhua	徛
Xiang	Changsha	站, 徛
	Loudi	徛
	Shuangfeng	徛
Note	徛 - often written as 企

Dialectal synonyms of 陡 (“steep”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		陡峭
Mandarin	Beijing	陡
	Taiwan	陡
	Jinan	陡
	Xi'an	陡
	Wuhan	陡
	Chengdu	陡
	Yangzhou	陡
	Hefei	陡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	笡, 徛
	Hong Kong	笡
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	笡
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	笡
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	笡
	Yangjiang	笡
Gan	Nanchang	陡
Hakka	Meixian	崎₂
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	崎₂
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	崎₂, 笡
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	崎₂
	Wuhua (Changbu)	崎₂
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	崎₂
	Wengyuan	崎₂
	Jiexi	崎₂, 竳
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	竳
	Changting	陡, 崎₂
	Wuping (Yanqian)	崎₂
	Ninghua	崎₂
	Tonggu (Sandu)	陡
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	崎₂
	Dayu	崎₂, 陡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	崎₂
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	崎₂
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	崎₂
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	崎₂
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	崎₂
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	崎₂
	Hong Kong	崎₂
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	笡
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	笡
	Xinyi (Sihe)	笡
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	笡
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	笡
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	斜
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	崎₂
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	崎₂
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	壁
	Mengshan (Xihe)	陡
	Luchuan	斜
Jin	Taiyuan	陡
Min Bei	Jian'ou	崎₃, 趖
Min Dong	Fuzhou	崎₃
	Changle	崎₃
	Fuqing	崎₃
	Yongtai	崎₃
	Gutian	崎₃
	Fu'an	崎₃
	Ningde	崎₃
	Shouning	崎₃
	Zhouning	崎₃
	Fuding	崎₃
Min Nan	Xiamen	崎₃, 趨
	Quanzhou	崎₃
	Zhangzhou	崎₃, 趨
	Taipei	崎₃, 趨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	崎₃, 趨
	Kaohsiung	崎₃, 趨
	Yilan	崎₃, 趨
	Changhua (Lukang)	崎₃, 趨
	Taichung	崎₃
	Tainan	崎₃, 趨
	Hsinchu	崎₃
	Kinmen	崎₃
	Penghu (Magong)	崎₃
	Chaozhou	崎₃
	Jieyang	崎₃
Wu	Shanghai	企
	Suzhou	棧
	Wenzhou	峻
Xiang	Changsha	陡
Xiang	Shuangfeng	陡

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

“企”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

企

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

plan, undertake, design

Readings[edit]

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: くわだてる (kuwadateru, 企てる, Jōyō)^{←くはだてる (kufadateru, 企てる, historical)}; たくらむ (takuramu, 企む)

Compounds[edit]

企(き)画(かく) (kikaku)
企(き)業(ぎょう) (kigyō)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 企 (MC khjeX|khjieH).

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

企

Wikisource

企 (eumhun 꾀할 기 (kkoehal gi))

Hanja form^? of 기 (“plan”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

기도 (企圖, gido)
기업 (企業, gieop)
기획 (企劃, gihoek)
대기업 (大企業, daegieop)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]