者

Character	者 U+8005, 者
Name	CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8005
Block	CJK Unified Ideographs
← 耄 [U+8004] [U+8006] 耆 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – the original character for either 煮 ("to boil") or 蔗 ("sugarcane"). Phonetic loan (假借) for abstract meanings.

Top 耂 is unrelated to 老 and 考, thus in some forms (notably the form used in the Kangxi Dictionary) there is an added dot to distinguish 者 from these others, but this is not present traditionally.

Han character

者 (radical 125 老+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十大日 (JKA), four-corner 4460₀, composition ⿱耂日)

Derived characters

• 都 煮 暑 署 緒 (緖 绪) 著 諸 (诸) 賭 (赌)

References

• KangXi: page 961, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28852
• Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2780, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8005

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhě (zhe³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ze²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chá
• Min Nan (POJ): chiá

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhě
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chê³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jee
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ze²
    • Yale: jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dze²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chá
    • Hakka Romanization System: za`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: za³
    • IPA: /t͡sa³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiá
    • Tâi-lô: tsiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciar
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕia⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕia⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕia^X/▼

Rime
Character	者
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章也切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhě

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	者
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*tAʔ/
English	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	者
Reading #	1/1
No.	16960
Phonetic component	者
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	者
Old Chinese	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes	說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Definitions

者

1. (nominalizer) -er, -ist, one who ..., person involved in, the things which ...

   記者 / 记者  ―  jìzhě  ―  journalist

   工作者  ―  gōngzuòzhě  ―  worker

   我父親總是說天助自助者。 [MSC, trad.]

   我父亲总是说天助自助者。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ fùqīn zǒngshì shuō tiān zhù zìzhùzhě. [Pinyin]

   My father always said that heaven helps those who help themselves.

2. used after a number, 後／后 (hòu), or 前 (qián) to refer to something mentioned previously

   前者 (qiánzhě, “the former”), 後者／后者 (hòuzhě, “the latter”)

   如下三者任擇其一。 [MSC, trad.]

   如下三者任择其一。 [MSC, simp.]

   Rúxià sān zhě rèn zé qí yī. [Pinyin]

   There are three alternatives.

3. used after a term, to mark a pause
4. used at the end of a command
5. (dated, regional) this

Compounds

• 愛國者／爱国者 (àiguózhě)

References

• (Mandarin) 者 in CEDICT on MDBG
• “Jukuu”, in Jukuu^[1] (in Mandarin/English), accessed 2014-03-14
• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
• (Min Nan) “Entry #4433”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) もの​ [mònóꜜ] (Odaka - [o])
• IPA^(key): [mõ̞no̞]

Kanji

者

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: しゃ (sha)
• Kan’on: しゃ (sha)
• Kun: もの (mono)
• Nanori: ひさ (hisa), ひと (hito)

Compounds

• 新聞記者 (しんぶんきしゃ) ‎(shinbun kisha)
• 人気者 (にんきもの) ‎(ninkimono)
• 愛国者 (あいこくしゃ) ‎(aikokusha)
• 愛読者 (あいどくしゃ) ‎(aidokusha)
• 悪者 (わるもの) ‎(warumono)
• 芸者 (げいしゃ) ‎(geisha), 芸者 (げいじゃ) ‎(geija)
• 配偶者 (はいぐうしゃ) ‎(haigūsha, “spouse”)
• 被害者 (ひがいしゃ) ‎(higaisha)
• 利用者 (りようしゃ) ‎(riyōsha)
• 担当者 (たんとうしゃ) ‎(tantōsha)
• 忍者 (にんじゃ) ‎(ninja, “ninja”)
• 医者 (いしゃ) ‎(isha, “doctor”)
• 著者 (ちょしゃ) ‎(chosha, “author”)
• 若者 (わかもの) ‎(wakamono, “youth”)

Noun

者 ‎(hiragana もの, romaji mono)

1. person

See also

• 人 (ひと) ‎(hito)
• 人 (じん) ‎(jin)

Suffix

者 ‎(hiragana しゃ, romaji -sha)

1. someone of that type, someone who does that

Derived terms

► Japanese words suffixed with 者

See also

• 家 (や) ‎(-ya)
• 手 (しゅ) ‎(-shu)

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Korean

Hanja

者 • ‎(ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune-Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

者 (giả, trả, dã)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.