者
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 者 |
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Simplified | 者 |
Japanese | 者 |
Korean | 者 |
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]- In Korean hanja and occasionally in Japanese, an additional 丶 stroke is written at the bottom right corner of 耂 above 日, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary. In other regions, the additional 丶 stroke has been omitted.
- Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
Han character
[edit]者 (Kangxi radical 125, 老+4, 8 strokes in Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 十大日 (JKA), four-corner 44600, composition ⿱耂日(GHTJV or U+FAB2
) or ⿱⿸耂丶日(K or U+FA5B
or U+2F97A
))
Derived characters
[edit]- 偖, 啫, 堵, 媎, 帾, 㥩, 㨋, 渚, 𨔾, 陼, 暏, 楮, 𤌄, 琽, 禇, 䐗, 睹, 褚, 𣗓, 緖/緒(绪), 𦩳, 蝫, 觰, 諸(诸), 豬(猪), 賭(赌), 赭, 踷, 醏, 鍺(锗), 𤂩, 鯺, 𪃲, 䵭
- 𪜕, 𠁂, 都, 𣂃, 斱, 殾, 覩, 䰩, 𪃙
- 䎞, 乽, 煑, 煮, 㗯, 翥, 䡤, 䬡, 䘄
- 奢, 屠, 著, 暑, 㸙, 瘏, 署, 箸, 闍(阇), 䰇
- 䰞
Descendants
[edit]- 𛂥, 𛂦 (Japanese hentaigana)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 961, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28852
- Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2780, character 5
- Unihan data for U+8005
Further reading
[edit]Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
者 | |
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alternative forms | 者 variant traditional form ⿱土⿸丿日 ⿱圡⿸丿日 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 者 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
者 | *tjaːʔ |
堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
赭 | *tjaːʔ |
撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
闍 | *djaː, *taː |
奢 | *hljaː |
鍺 | *toːlʔ |
都 | *taː |
醏 | *taː |
覩 | *taːʔ |
睹 | *taːʔ |
暏 | *taːʔ |
賭 | *taːʔ |
帾 | *taːʔ |
楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
屠 | *daː, *da |
瘏 | *daː |
廜 | *daː |
鷵 | *daː |
緒 | *ljaʔ |
豬 | *ta |
猪 | *ta |
瀦 | *ta |
藸 | *ta, *da |
櫫 | *ta |
褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
箸 | *tas, *das |
儲 | *da |
躇 | *da |
櫧 | *tja |
藷 | *tja, *djas |
蠩 | *tja |
煮 | *tjaʔ |
渚 | *tjaʔ |
煑 | *tjaʔ |
陼 | *tjaʔ |
翥 | *tjas |
署 | *djas |
薯 | *djas |
曙 | *djas |
書 | *hlja |
暑 | *hjaʔ |
鐯 | *taɡ |
擆 | *taɡ |
櫡 | *taɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a sugarcane with full leaves and stems, with a mouth under, the original character for either 煮 (OC *tjaʔ, “to boil”) or 蔗 (OC *tjaːɡs, “sugarcane”). Phonetically loaned for abstract meanings.
Top component 耂 is unrelated to 老 and 考.
The variant form with an additional 丶 stroke below 耂 is influenced by Shuowen, which considered 白 as the bottom component of 者.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/%E8%80%85-%E4%BF%97%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%8A%E8%AA%A4.png)
Etymology
[edit]- one who, -er, nominalizing suffix
Etymologically related to 之 (OC *tjɯ, “nominalizing, possessive particle”) and perhaps colloquial 的 (Pulleyblank, 1995).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): za3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ze2
- Northern Min (KCR): ciǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciā
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5tse / 1tse; 3tseu / 3tse
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhe3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhě
- Wade–Giles: chê3
- Yale: jě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jee
- Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җә (žə, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ze2
- Yale: jé
- Cantonese Pinyin: dze2
- Guangdong Romanization: zé2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zie2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: za3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sa²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chá
- Hakka Romanization System: zaˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: za3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sa³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ze2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sia²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciā
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sia³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsyaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tAʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]者
- (Classical) Used at the end of a command.
- 秦惠王車裂商君以徇,曰:「莫如商鞅反者!」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qín Huì wáng chēliè Shāng jūn yǐ xùn, yuē: “Mò rú Shāngyāng fǎn zhě!” [Pinyin]
- King Hui of Qin drew and quartered [the corpse of] Lord Shang as a warning, saying "No one shall rebel like Shang Yang!"
秦惠王车裂商君以徇,曰:「莫如商鞅反者!」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Classical) Topicalizer used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term.
- (literary or regional) this
- (agent suffix) -er; -ist; one who ...; person involved in; the things which ...
- Used after a number, "before" 前 (qián), or "after" 後/后 (hòu) to refer to something mentioned previously.
- a surname: Zhe
Compounds
[edit]- 下焉者 (xiàyānzhě)
- 主使者
- 乃者
- 之乎者也 (zhīhūzhěyě)
- 亡者 (wángzhě)
- 仁者 (rénzhě)
- 仁者樂山/仁者乐山
- 何者 (hézhě)
- 作者 (zuòzhě)
- 侍者 (shìzhě)
- 來者/来者 (láizhě)
- 使者 (shǐzhě)
- 來者不善/来者不善
- 來者不拒/来者不拒 (láizhěbùjù)
- 來者可追/来者可追
- 來者是客/来者是客
- 保衛者/保卫者 (bǎowèizhě)
- 偏反者
- 偏差者
- 傳播者/传播者
- 傷者/伤者 (shāngzhě)
- 儒者 (rúzhě)
- 兀者
- 先驅者/先驱者 (xiānqūzhě)
- 再啟者/再启者
- 再者 (zàizhě)
- 冠者
- 分解者 (fēnjiězhě)
- 前者 (qiánzhě)
- 剝削者/剥削者 (bōxuēzhě)
- 勇者 (yǒngzhě)
- 勇者不懼/勇者不惧
- 勞動者/劳动者 (láodòngzhě)
- 勾欄使者/勾栏使者
- 卜者
- 原舞者
- 受播者
- 受文者
- 古者 (gǔzhě)
- 同盟者 (tóngméngzhě)
- 和平使者 (hépíng shǐzhě)
- 圬者
- 壽者相/寿者相
- 夜者
- 好事者 (hàoshìzhě)
- 始作俑者 (shǐzuòyǒngzhě)
- 學者/学者 (xuézhě)
- 尊者 (zūnzhě)
- 尤有甚者
- 屬者/属者
- 帶原者/带原者 (dàiyuánzhě)
- 帶菌者/带菌者
- 弋者何慕
- 弋者何篡
- 弔者大悅/吊者大悦
- 弱者 (ruòzhě)
- 彀者
- 征服者 (zhēngfúzhě)
- 往者 (wǎngzhě)
- 御者 (yùzhě)
- 從者/从者 (cóngzhě)
- 忘戰者危/忘战者危
- 忍者 (rěnzhě)
- 忍者龜/忍者龟
- 性工作者 (xìnggōngzuòzhě)
- 患者 (huànzhě)
- 愛國者/爱国者 (àiguózhě)
- 成者為王,敗者為寇/成者为王,败者为寇 (chéng zhě wéi wáng, bài zhě wéi kòu)
- 或者 (huòzhě)
- 打談者/打谈者
- 拓荒者 (tuòhuāngzhě)
- 挑戰者深淵/挑战者深渊 (Tiǎozhànzhě Shēnyuān)
- 捍衛者/捍卫者 (hànwèizhě)
- 掠食者 (lüèshízhě)
- 損者三友/损者三友
- 損者三樂/损者三乐
- 敬懇者/敬恳者
- 敬啟者/敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
- 敬稟者/敬禀者
- 敬肅者/敬肃者
- 旁觀者/旁观者 (pángguānzhě)
- 旁觀者清/旁观者清
- 日者 (rìzhě)
- 明者
- 智者 (zhìzhě)
- 智者不惑
- 曏者/向者
- 有志者事竟成 (yǒu zhì zhě shì jìng chéng)
- 杇者
- 業者/业者 (yèzhě)
- 死者 (sǐzhě)
- 死者相枕
- 殉道者 (xùndàozhě)
- 河伯使者
- 消費者/消费者 (xiāofèizhě)
- 清潔者/清洁者
- 火者
- 犖犖大者/荦荦大者
- 獨裁者/独裁者 (dúcáizhě)
- 王者 (wángzhě)
- 王者師/王者师
- 王者香
- 生產者/生产者 (shēngchǎnzhě)
- 生者 (shēngzhě)
- 當事者/当事者 (dāngshìzhě)
- 當局者迷/当局者迷
- 當者披靡/当者披靡
- 白宮學者/白宫学者
- 皇皇者華/皇皇者华
- 益者三友
- 益者三樂/益者三乐
- 監齋使者/监斋使者
- 目擊者/目击者 (mùjīzhě)
- 盲者得鏡/盲者得镜
- 相者 (xiàngzhě)
- 真者
- 瞽者 (gǔzhě)
- 知者不惑
- 知者樂水/知者乐水
- 第三者 (dìsānzhě)
- 筆者/笔者 (bǐzhě)
- 粲者
- 素食者 (sùshízhě)
- 終結者/终结者
- 綠衣使者/绿衣使者 (lǜyī shǐzhě)
- 編者/编者 (biānzhě)
- 老者 (lǎozhě)
- 老阿者
- 者來寨/者来寨 (Zhělái Zhài)
- 者囂/者嚣
- 者回
- 者波
- 者番
- 者者謙謙/者者谦谦
- 者著
- 聽者/听者 (tīngzhě)
- 聾者之歌/聋者之歌
- 肇事者 (zhàoshìzhě)
- 肇禍者/肇祸者
- 肉食者 (ròushízhě)
- 肉食者鄙 (ròushízhěbǐ)
- 能者多勞/能者多劳 (néngzhěduōláo)
- 能者為師/能者为师
- 舞者 (wǔzhě)
- 茲懇者/兹恳者
- 茲啟者/兹启者
- 茲肅者/兹肃者
- 著者 (zhùzhě)
- 行者 (xíngzhě)
- 裳裳者華/裳裳者华
- 觀者如堵/观者如堵
- 觀者如市/观者如市
- 觀者如織/观者如织
- 觀者如雲/观者如云
- 觀者蝟集/观者猬集
- 觀者雲集/观者云集
- 記者/记者 (jìzhě)
- 記者節/记者节
- 話者/话者
- 謁者/谒者
- 譯者/译者 (yìzhě)
- 護花使者/护花使者
- 讀者/读者 (dúzhě)
- 讀者投書/读者投书
- 讀者文摘/读者文摘
- 賢者/贤者 (xiánzhě)
- 赤衣使者
- 迦葉尊者/迦叶尊者
- 逃亡者 (táowángzhě)
- 逕啟者/迳启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
- 造物者 (zàowùzhě)
- 逝者如斯 (shìzhěrúsī)
- 道者
- 適者生存/适者生存 (shìzhě shēngcún)
- 長者/长者 (zhǎngzhě)
- 門者/门者
- 閽者/阍者
- 阿者
- 隱者/隐者 (yǐnzhě)
- 霸者
- 頃者/顷者
- 顯者/显者 (xiǎnzhě)
- 騎者善墮/骑者善堕
- 驕者必敗/骄者必败
- 墨者 (mòzhě)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “者”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03253
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 者 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
者 者 or 者+ ︀ ?
|
![]() |
者󠄁 者+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
者󠄃 者+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit](Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 者)
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
者 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
者 (kyūjitai) |
⟨mo2no2⟩ → /mono/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2] Theorized to derive from Proto-Japonic *mənə.
Cognate with 物 (mono, “thing”, physical as opposed to abstract).[2][3][4]
In ancient texts marked with pronunciation information, this character was always read as hito until around the late 800s, at which point the mono reading becomes prevalent.[2] The mono reading has historically often been used with mild pejorative overtones, as compared to the more neutral term 人 (hito).[2][3][4] This may suggest a broadening of the original “thing” sense for mono, which then was applied as a pejorative for a “person”.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
者 |
しゃ Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
者 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 者 (MC tsyaeX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 作者 (sakusha): author; creator of a work
- 利用者 (riyōsha): consumer
- 勇者 (yūsha): hero, brave person
- 医者 (isha): physician
- 学者 (gakusha): scholar
- 忍者 (ninja): ninja
- 患者 (kanja): patient
- 愛国者 (aikokusha): patriot
- 愛読者 (aidokusha): avid reader, book lover
- 担当者 (tantōsha): person in charge
- 新聞記者 (shinbun kisha): journalist
- 歯医者 (haisha): dentist
- 生存者 (seizonsha): survivor
- 芸者 (geisha), 芸者 (geija): geisha
- 著者 (chosha): author
- 被害者 (higaisha): victim
- 記者 (kisha): reporter; journalist
- 配偶者 (haigūsha): spouse
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “者”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term |
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者 |
Han character
[edit]者: Hán Việt readings: giả[1][2][3]
者: Nôm readings: trả[2][3][4], giả[1][2], giã[1][2], giở[1], rả[1], dở[2], dã[3]
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Character boxes with images
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Eastern Min terms with audio links
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- Dungan lemmas
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- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
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- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
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- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese particles
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- Chinese suffixes
- Mandarin suffixes
- Dungan suffixes
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- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
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- Teochew proper nouns
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- Middle Chinese proper nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 者
- Classical Chinese
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese literary terms
- Regional Chinese
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- Chinese surnames
- Intermediate Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese third grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゃ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゃ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading もの
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひさ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひと
- Japanese terms spelled with 者 read as もの
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 者
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 者 read as しゃ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese suffixes
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Nom