Translingual [ edit ]
Stroke order
Stroke order
Alternative forms [ edit ]
In Korean hanja and occasionally in Japanese, an additional 丶 stroke is written at the bottom right corner of 耂 above 日 , which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary . In other regions, the additional 丶 stroke has been omitted.
Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
U+FAB2
: Alternative form used in North Korea without additional 丶 stroke below 耂 .
U+FA5B
: Japanese kyūjitai with additional 丶 stroke below 耂 .
U+2F97A
: Variant traditional form used in Taiwan with additional 丶 stroke below 耂 .
Han character [ edit ]
者 (Kangxi radical 125, 老 +4, 8 strokes in Chinese and Japanese , 9 strokes in Korean , cangjie input 十大日 (JKA ), four-corner 44600 , composition ⿱耂 日 (G H T J V or U+FAB2
) or ⿱⿸耂 丶 日 (K or U+FA5B
or U+2F97A
))
Derived characters [ edit ]
偖 , 啫 , 堵 , 媎 , 帾 , 㥩 , 㨋 , 渚 , 𨔾 , 陼 , 暏 , 楮 , 𤌄 , 琽 , 禇 , 䐗 , 睹 , 褚 , 𣗓 , 緖 /緒 (绪 ), 𦩳 , 蝫 , 觰 , 諸 (诸 ), 豬 (猪 ), 賭 (赌 ), 赭 , 踷 , 醏 , 鍺 (锗 ), 𤂩 , 鯺 , 𪃲 , 䵭
𠁂 , 都 , 𣂃 , 斱 , 殾 , 覩 , 䰩 , 𪃙
䎞 , 乽 , 煑 , 煮 , 㗯 , 翥 , 䡤 , 䬡 , 䘄
奢 , 屠 , 著 , 暑 , 㸙 , 瘏 , 署 , 箸 , 闍 (阇 ), 䰇
䰞
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
KangXi: page 961 , character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28852
Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2780, character 5
Unihan data for U+8005
Further reading [ edit ]
Chinese [ edit ]
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
觰
*rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸
*tjaː, *tja
者
*tjaːʔ
堵
*tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭
*tjaːʔ
撦
*l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯
*tʰjaːʔ
闍
*djaː, *taː
奢
*hljaː
鍺
*toːlʔ
都
*taː
醏
*taː
覩
*taːʔ
睹
*taːʔ
暏
*taːʔ
賭
*taːʔ
帾
*taːʔ
楮
*taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠
*daː, *da
瘏
*daː
廜
*daː
鷵
*daː
緒
*ljaʔ
豬
*ta
猪
*ta
瀦
*ta
藸
*ta, *da
櫫
*ta
褚
*taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著
*taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸
*tas, *das
儲
*da
躇
*da
櫧
*tja
藷
*tja, *djas
蠩
*tja
煮
*tjaʔ
渚
*tjaʔ
煑
*tjaʔ
陼
*tjaʔ
翥
*tjas
署
*djas
薯
*djas
曙
*djas
書
*hlja
暑
*hjaʔ
鐯
*taɡ
擆
*taɡ
櫡
*taɡ
Pictogram (象形 ) – a sugarcane, the original character for either 煮 (OC *tjaʔ , “to boil”) or 蔗 (OC *tjaːɡs , “sugarcane”). Phonetically loaned for abstract meanings. ( Can this (+ ) etymology be sourced ?)
Top component 耂 is unrelated to 老 and 考 .
The variant form with an additional 丶 stroke below 耂 is influenced by Shuowen , which considered 白 as the bottom component of 者 .
《俗書刊誤》 considered
者 (without
丶 ) as a variant form, and
者 (with
丶 ) as the orthodox form.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
者
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
zhě
Middle Chinese
‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese
/*tAʔ/
English
(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
者
Reading #
1/1
No.
16960
Phonetic component
者
Rime group
魚
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
者
Old Chinese
/*tjaːʔ/
Notes
說 文 古 旅 聲 。甲 金 文 象 足 印 小 坎 積 水 ,爲 瀦 初 文 ,用 詹 鄞 鑫 說
Definitions [ edit ]
者
( Classical Chinese ) Used at the end of a command.
( Classical Chinese ) Used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term.
( literary or regional) this
( agent suffix ) -er ; -ist ; one who ...; person involved in; the things which ...
記者 / 记者 ― jìzhě ― journalist
工作者 ― gōngzuòzhě ― worker
我 父親 總是 說 天 助 自 助 者 。 [MSC , trad. ] 我 父亲 总是 说 天 助 自 助 者 。 [MSC , simp. ] Wǒ fùqīn zǒngshì shuō tiān zhù zì zhù zhě . [Pinyin] My father always said that heaven helps those who help themselves.
Used after a number, "before" 前 (qián ), or "after" 後 /后 (hòu ) to refer to something mentioned previously.
前者 ― qiánzhě ― the former
後者 / 后者 ― hòuzhě ― the latter
如下 三 者 任 擇 其 一 。 [MSC , trad. ] 如下 三 者 任 择 其 一 。 [MSC , simp. ] Rúxià sān zhě rèn zé qí yī. [Pinyin] There are three alternatives.
Compounds [ edit ]
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Japanese [ edit ]
者
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji , shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 者 )
Readings [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
Alternative spelling
者 ( kyūjitai )
⟨mo2 no2 ⟩ → /mono/
From Old Japanese . First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1] Theorized to derive from Proto-Japonic *mənə .
Cognate with 物 ( mono , “ thing ” , physical as opposed to abstract ) .[1] [2] [3]
In ancient texts marked with pronunciation information, this character was always read as hito until around the late 800s, at which point the mono reading becomes prevalent.[1] The mono reading has historically often been used with mild pejorative overtones, as compared to the more neutral term 人 ( hito ) .[1] [2] [3] This may suggest a broadening of the original “thing” sense for mono , which then was applied as a pejorative for a “person”.
Pronunciation [ edit ]
者( もの ) • (mono )
person
Synonym: 人 ( hito )
Derived terms [ edit ]
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Alternative spelling
者 ( kyūjitai )
From Middle Chinese 者 (MC t͡ɕiaX ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
者( しゃ ) • (-sha )
someone of that type , someone who does that
Synonym: ( often not interchangeable ) 人 ( -jin )
Derived terms [ edit ]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988 , 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006 , 大辞林 (Daijirin ) , Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Sanseidō , →ISBN
↑ 3.0 3.1 1995 , 大辞泉 (Daijisen ) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
^ 1998 , NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : NHK , →ISBN
^ 1997 , 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten ) , Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Sanseidō , →ISBN
者 (eumhun 놈 자 ( nom ja ) )
Hanja form? of 자 ( “ person ” ) .
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
者 : Hán Việt readings: giả [1] [2] [3]
者 : Nôm readings: trả [2] [3] [4] , giả [1] [2] , giã [1] [2] , giở [1] , rả [1] , dở [2] , dã [3]
chữ Hán form of giả ( “ -er ; -ist ; one who...” ) .
References [ edit ]