者

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者 U+8005, 者
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8005
← 耄
[U+8004] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 耆 →
[U+8006]
Ufa5b.svg
者 U+FA5B, 者
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA5B
← 署
[U+FA5A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 臭 →
[U+FA5C]
者 U+FAB2, 者
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB2
← 缾
[U+FAB1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 荒 →
[U+FAB3]
者 U+2F97A, 者
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F97A
← 翺
[U+2F979] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𦓚 →
[U+2F97B]
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Translingual[edit]

Traditional 者
Simplified 者
Japanese 者
Korean 者
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order
者-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • In Korean hanja and occasionally in Japanese, an additional 丶 stroke is written at the bottom right corner of 耂 above 日, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary. In other regions, the additional 丶 stroke has been omitted.
  • Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+FAB2: Alternative form used in North Korea without additional 丶 stroke below 耂.
    • U+FA5B: Japanese kyūjitai with additional 丶 stroke below 耂.
    • U+2F97A: Variant traditional form used in Taiwan with additional 丶 stroke below 耂.

Han character[edit]

者 (Kangxi radical 125, 老+4, 8 strokes in Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in Korean, cangjie input 十大日 (JKA), four-corner 44600, composition ⿱耂日(GHTJV or U+FAB2) or ⿱⿸耂丶日(K or U+FA5B or U+2F97A))

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 961, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28852
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2780, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+8005

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 者
alternative forms 者 variant traditional form
⿱土⿸丿日
⿱圡⿸丿日

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 者
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
者-bronze-shang.svg 者-bronze.svg 者-bronze-spring.svg 者-bronze-warring.svg 者-silk.svg 者-slip.svg 者-seal.svg 者-bigseal.svg 者-clerical.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
觰 *rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸 *tjaː, *tja
者 *tjaːʔ
堵 *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭 *tjaːʔ
撦 *l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯 *tʰjaːʔ
闍 *djaː, *taː
奢 *hljaː
鍺 *toːlʔ
都 *taː
醏 *taː
覩 *taːʔ
睹 *taːʔ
暏 *taːʔ
賭 *taːʔ
帾 *taːʔ
楮 *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠 *daː, *da
瘏 *daː
廜 *daː
鷵 *daː
緒 *ljaʔ
豬 *ta
猪 *ta
瀦 *ta
藸 *ta, *da
櫫 *ta
褚 *taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著 *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸 *tas, *das
儲 *da
躇 *da
櫧 *tja
藷 *tja, *djas
蠩 *tja
煮 *tjaʔ
渚 *tjaʔ
煑 *tjaʔ
陼 *tjaʔ
翥 *tjas
署 *djas
薯 *djas
曙 *djas
書 *hlja
暑 *hjaʔ
鐯 *taɡ
擆 *taɡ
櫡 *taɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a sugarcane, the original character for either 煮 (OC *tjaʔ, “to boil”) or 蔗 (OC *tjaːɡs, “sugarcane”). Phonetically loaned for abstract meanings. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Top component 耂 is unrelated to 老 and 考.

The variant form with an additional 丶 stroke below 耂 is influenced by Shuowen, which considered 白 as the bottom component of 者.

《俗書刊誤》 considered 者 (without 丶) as a variant form, and 者 (with 丶) as the orthodox form.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 者
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章也切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciaX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ze2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 者
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhě
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tAʔ/
English (nominalizing particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 者
Reading # 1/1
No. 16960
Phonetic
component 		者
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		者
Old
Chinese 		/*tjaːʔ/
Notes 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，
爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Definitions[edit]

者

  1. (Classical Chinese) Used at the end of a command.
  2. (Classical Chinese) Used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term.
  3. (literary or regional) this
  4. (agent suffix) -er; -ist; one who ...; person involved in; the things which ...
    記者 / 记者  ―  jìzhě  ―  journalist
    工作者  ―  gōngzuòzhě  ―  worker
    我父親總是說天助自助者。 [MSC, trad.]
    我父亲总是说天助自助者。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ fùqīn zǒngshì shuō tiān zhù zì zhù zhě. [Pinyin]
    My father always said that heaven helps those who help themselves.
  5. Used after a number, "before" 前 (qián), or "after" 後／后 (hòu) to refer to something mentioned previously.
    前者  ―  qiánzhě  ―  the former
    後者 / 后者  ―  hòuzhě  ―  the latter
    如下三者任擇其一。 [MSC, trad.]
    如下三者任择其一。 [MSC, simp.]
    Rúxià sān zhě rèn zé qí yī. [Pinyin]
    There are three alternatives.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 者

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (者):
  • → Japanese: 者(しゃ) (sha)
  • → Korean: 자 (者, ja)
  • → Vietnamese: giả (者)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

者

Kyūjitai

者

Kanji[edit]

者

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 者)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
者
もの
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
者 (kyūjitai)

⟨mo2no2⟩ → /mono/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1] Theorized to derive from Proto-Japonic *mənə.

Cognate with 物 (mono, “thing”, physical as opposed to abstract).[1][2][3]

In ancient texts marked with pronunciation information, this character was always read as hito until around the late 800s, at which point the mono reading becomes prevalent.[1] The mono reading has historically often been used with mild pejorative overtones, as compared to the more neutral term 人 (hito).[1][2][3] This may suggest a broadening of the original “thing” sense for mono, which then was applied as a pejorative for a “person”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

者(もの) • (mono) 

  1. person
    Synonym: 人 (hito)
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
者
しゃ
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
者 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 者 (MC t͡ɕiaX).

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

者(しゃ) • (-sha) 

  1. someone of that type, someone who does that
    Synonym: (often not interchangeable) 人 (-jin)
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

者 (eumhun 놈 자 (nom ja))

  1. Hanja form? of 자 (“person”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Hán tự in this term
者

Han character[edit]

者: Hán Việt readings: giả[1][2][3]
者: Nôm readings: trả[2][3][4], giả[1][2], giã[1][2], giở[1], rả[1], dở[2], dã[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of giả (“-er; -ist; one who...”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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