儒者

Chinese

		scholar; Confucian	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (儒者)		儒	者
simp. #(儒者)		儒	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rúzhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ ze²
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀-ciā

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rúzhě
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rújhě
    • Wade–Giles: ju²-chê³
    • Yale: rú-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rujee
    • Palladius: жучжэ (žučžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ ze²
    • Yale: yùh jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ dze²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ zé²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀-ciā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵³⁻³³ ^(t͡s-)ʒia³³/

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• Middle Chinese: nyu tsyaeX

Rime
Character	儒	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	人朱切	章也切
Baxter	nyu	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨo/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵio/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑio/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuə̆/	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/ȵio/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭu/	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯u/	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	ze2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*no  tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njo  tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	儒	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ nyu ›	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*no/	/*tAʔ/
English	侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list)	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	儒	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13969	16960
Phonetic component	需	者
Rime group	侯	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	儒	者
Old Chinese	/*njo/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

儒者

1. Confucian scholar
2. (by extension) any scholar or intellectual