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朱

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 硃
朱 U+6731, 朱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6731
← 朰
[U+6730] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朲 →
[U+6732]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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朱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹十木 (HJD), four-corner 25900, composition ⿰丿未 or ⿻𠂉木)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14424
  • Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1154, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6731

Chinese

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trad. 朱/硃
simp. 朱
硃 - cinnabar

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 朱
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (朱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咮 *tu, *tus, *tos, *tjo
株 *to
誅 *to
邾 *to
鼄 *to
跦 *to
袾 *to, *tʰjo
鴸 *to, *tjo
蛛 *to
殊 *to, *djo
趎 *do
珠 *tjo
朱 *tjo
侏 *tjo
絑 *tjo
祩 *tjo, *tjos
鮢 *tjo
硃 *tjo
姝 *tʰjo
銖 *djo
茱 *djo
洙 *djo
陎 *djo

Ideogram (指事): a tree (木) with its center highlighted with an extra dot-like stroke, accentuating the tree's core; contrast 本, 末.

Etymology 1

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Compare Proto-Vietic *tɔh (“red”) (Schuessler, 2007). 赭 (OC *tjaːʔ, “red paint”) may be related.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 朱
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章俱切
Baxter tsyu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕio/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朱 朱
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhū zhū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyu › ‹ tsyu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*to/ /*to/
English dwarf red

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朱
Reading # 1/1
No. 17569
Phonetic
component 		朱
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		朱
Old
Chinese 		/*tjo/
Notes 甲金文木中加劃表樹榦（本戴侗說），株初文

Definitions

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朱

  1. cinnabar; vermilion
    近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Jìn zhū zhě chì, jìn mò zhě hēi. [Pinyin]
    Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.
    (literally, “Proximity to cinnabar makes one red, to pitch makes one black.”)
  2. bright red
  3. (Hong Kong Cantonese) short for 朱古力
    熱朱／热朱 [Cantonese]  ―  jit6 zyu1 [Jyutping]  ―  hot chocolate
  4. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) one
  5. a surname
    朱熹  ―  Zhū Xī  ―  Zhu Xi (Song dynasty Neo-Confucian scholar)
    朱棣文  ―  Zhū Dìwén  ―  Steven Chu (an American physicist and former U.S. Secretary of Energy)
Synonyms
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Descendants

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  • → English: Chu, Zhu

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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朱

  1. only used in 朱提 (Shūshí)

Japanese

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Kanji

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朱

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. vermilion
  2. cinnabar
  3. scarlet
  4. red
  5. bloody

Readings

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  • Go-on: す (su)
  • Kan-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)←しゆ (syu, historical)
  • Kun: あか (aka, 朱)、あき (aki, 朱)、あけ (ake, 朱)
  • Nanori: あかね (akane)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
朱
あけ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

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朱(あけ) • (ake) 

  1. crimson

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
朱
あか
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 朱 – see the following entry.
【赤あか】1
[noun] red (color)
[noun] communism, socialism
[noun] a communist
[prefix] entirely
Alternative spellings
紅, アカ
(This term, 朱, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
朱
しゅ
Grade: S
kan'on

Noun

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朱(しゅ) • (shu) ←しゆ (syu)?

  1. abbreviation of 朱色 (“vermilion”)

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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朱 (eumhun 붉을 주 (bulgeul ju))

  1. Hanja form? of 주 (“vermillion, cinnabar”).

Vietnamese

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Han character

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朱: Hán Việt readings: chu[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], châu[2][3][6][7][8]
朱: Nôm readings: cho[1][2][3][4][6][7][8], chua[1][2], chau[2][3], chẩu[3][4], chõ[3][4], chò[1], chưa[1], trò[1], choa[3], chọ[7]

  1. chữ Hán form of Chu (“a surname from Chinese”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of cho
    1. to give
    2. to let; to allow; to permit
    3. for; to
  3. chữ Nôm form of chò (“certain trees of the genus Parashorea”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of chua (“sour; acid; vinegary”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of chưa (“not yet; yet”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bonet (1899).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Génibrel (1898).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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