黑
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See also: 黒
Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
黑 (radical 203 黑+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田土火 (WGF), four-corner 60331)
- Kangxi radical #203, ⿊ (“black”).
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1518, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
- Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4743, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9ED1
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
黑 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 黑
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 嚜 | *mrɯɡs |
| 嫼 | *ʔmrɯːd |
| 墨 | *mlɯːɡ |
| 默 | *mlɯːɡ |
| 纆 | *mɯːɡ |
| 黑 | *hmlɯːɡ |
| 潶 | *hmlɯːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – catching soot in a container over a fire (火).
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hak1, haak1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): het
- Min Dong (BUC): háik
- Min Nan (POJ): hiak / hek
- Wu (Wiktionary): heq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄟ
- Wade-Giles: hei1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hei
- IPA (key): /xeɪ̯⁵⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
- Wade-Giles: ho4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
- IPA (key): /xɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
-
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: he2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xe
- IPA (key): /xɛ²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hak1, haak1
- Yale: hāk, hāak
- Cantonese Pinyin: hak7, haak7
- Guangdong Romanization: heg1, hag1
- IPA (key): /hɐk̚⁵/, /hɑːk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: het
- Hakka Romanization System: hed`
- Hagfa Pinyim: hed5
- IPA: /het̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: háik
- IPA (key): /haiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: heq (T4)
- IPA (key): /həʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 黑 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xei⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /xei⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /xei²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /xei²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /xe⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /xei²¹/ | |
| Xining | /xɨ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xɯ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xə/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xei⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /xɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /xe³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /xɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /xə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /xəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /xɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /xʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /xəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /həʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /həʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /hɑʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /he²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xeʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /xə⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /hæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hɛʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /het̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /het̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /hɐk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/ |
|
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hik̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /haiʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xuɛ/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hek̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ɔu²³/ 訓烏 |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 黑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼北切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hək̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/xək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/xək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
he |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 黑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hēi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xok › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m̥ˤək/ (dialect *m̥ˤ- > xˤ-) |
| English | black |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 黑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5109 |
| Phonetic component |
黑 |
| Rime group |
職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
黑 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hmlɯːɡ/ |
Definitions[edit]
黑
- black
- dark; darkness
- evening; night
- illegal; clandestine; secret; shady
- (colloquial) to illegally reside (in a country)
- sinister; evil
- to make fun of; to mock
- (computing) to hack
- 黑客 ― hēikè ― hacker
- hater
- Short for 黑龍江／黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”).
Synonyms[edit]
| Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 黑、烏、青、皂 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 黑 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 黑 |
| Taiwan | 黑 | |
| Tianjin | 黑 | |
| Jinan | 黑 | |
| Xi'an | 黑 | |
| Wuhan | 黑、烏、青 | |
| Chengdu | 黑、青 | |
| Yangzhou | 黑 | |
| Hefei | 黑 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 黑 |
| Hong Kong | 黑 | |
| Yangjiang | 黑 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 黑、烏、青 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 烏 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 黑 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 烏、青 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 烏、青 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 烏 |
| Quanzhou | 烏 | |
| Zhangzhou | 烏 | |
| Taipei | 烏 | |
| Chaozhou | 烏 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 黑 |
| Suzhou | 黑 | |
| Wenzhou | 黑、烏、青 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 黑、青 |
| Shuangfeng | 黑、青 | |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 黑
Japanese[edit]
| 黒 | |
| 黑 |
Kanji[edit]
黑
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 黒)
Readings[edit]
- Goon: こく (koku)←こく (koku, historical)
- Kan’on: こく (koku)←こく (koku, historical)
- Kun: くろ (kuro, 黑)←くろ (kuro, 黑, historical); くろい (kuroi, 黑い)←くろい (kuroi, 黑い, historical)
Khitan[edit]
Noun[edit]
黑 (kara)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
黑 • (heuk) (hangeul 흑, McCune-Reischauer hŭk, Yale huk)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
黑 (hắc)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Han character radicals
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms borrowed from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- Chinese phono-semantic matchings
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese colloquialisms
- zh:Computing
- Chinese short forms
- zh:Colors
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese Han characters
- Uncommon kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くろ-
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くろ-
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くろ-い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くろ-い
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こく
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading こく
- Japanese kanji with goon reading こく
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading こく
- Khitan lemmas
- Khitan nouns
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- CJKV radicals
