黑

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See also: 黒
黑 U+9ED1, 黑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED1
← 黐
[U+9ED0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黒 →
[U+9ED2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
黑-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 203 黑

黑 (radical 203, 黑+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田土火 (WGF), four-corner 60331)

  1. Kangxi radical #203, ⿊.

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1518, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4743, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9ED1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 黑
alternative forms 黒
𪐗

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 黑
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
黑-oracle.svg 黑-bronze.svg 黑-bronze-spring.svg 黒-silk.svg 黑-slip.svg 黑-seal.svg 黒-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚜 *mrɯɡs
嫼 *ʔmrɯːd
墨 *mlɯːɡ
默 *mlɯːɡ
纆 *mɯːɡ
黑 *hmlɯːɡ
潶 *hmlɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a person (大) with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing (墨), one of the five punishments of ancient China. In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around 大, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意): 𡆧 (“chimney”) + 炎 (“fire; flame”) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: hěi - variant used in some contexts, e.g. 黑豆.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 黑
Mandarin Beijing /xei⁵⁵/
Harbin /xei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xei²¹/
Jinan /xei²¹³/
Qingdao /xe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /xɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /xei²¹/
Xining /xɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xɯ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə/
Ürümqi /xei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/
Pingyao /xʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /xəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /həʔ⁵/
Suzhou /həʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /hɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /he²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /xə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /het̚¹/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Nanning /hɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ɔu²³/ 訓烏
Rime
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼北切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hək̚/
Li
Rong 		/xək̚/
Wang
Li 		/xək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		he
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hēi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m̥ˁək/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > xˁ-)
English black

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
No. 5109
Phonetic
component 		黑
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		黑
Old
Chinese 		/*hmlɯːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

黑

  1. black
    黑色  ―  hēisè  ―  black color
    她戴著黑帽子。  ―  Tā dài zhe hēi màozǐ.  ―  She's wearing a black hat.
  2. dark; darkness
    這麼黑，我看不見。 / 这么黑，我看不见。  ―  Zhème hēi, wǒ kàn bù jiàn.  ―  It's so dark; I can't see.
    她很怕黑。  ―  Tā hěn pà hēi.  ―  She is very afraid of the dark.
  3. evening; night
  4. illegal; clandestine; secret; shady
    黑市  ―  hēishì  ―  black market
    黑幫 / 黑帮  ―  hēibāng  ―  criminal gang
    黑名單 / 黑名单  ―  hēimíngdān  ―  blacklist
  5. (colloquial) to illegally reside (in a country)
  6. sinister; evil
  7. to make fun of; to mock
  8. (computing) to hack
    黑客  ―  hēikè  ―  hacker
  9. (colloquial) to libel
    這件事，我可是有一說一，不吹不黑。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件事，我可是有一说一，不吹不黑。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn shì, wǒ kě shì yǒu yī shuō yī, bù chuī bù hēi. [Pinyin]
    As for this thing, I say it as it is and don't boast or libel.
    這是××被黑得最慘的一次。 [MSC, trad.]
    这是××被黑得最惨的一次。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì × × bèi hēi de zuì cǎn de yī cì. [Pinyin]
    This is the time when **** is libelled the most badly.
  10. one who libels
  11. (by extention) hater
  12. Short for 黑龍江／黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”).

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 黑, 烏, 青, 皂, 黔, 黢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 黑
Mandarin Beijing 黑
Taiwan 黑
Tianjin 黑
Jinan 黑
Xi'an 黑
Wuhan 黑, 烏, 青
Chengdu 黑, 青
Yangzhou 黑
Hefei 黑
Malaysia 黑
Singapore 黑
Cantonese Guangzhou 黑
Hong Kong 黑
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 黑
Macau 黑
Panyu 黑
Huadu (Huashan) 黑
Conghua 黑
Zengcheng 黑, 烏
Foshan 黑
Nanhai (Shatou) 黑
Shunde 黑
Sanshui 黑
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 黑
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 黑
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 黑
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 黑
Doumen 黑
Jiangmen (Baisha) 黑
Xinhui 黑
Taishan 黑
Kaiping (Chikan) 黑
Enping (Niujiang) 黑
Heshan (Yayao) 黑
Dongguan 黑
Bao'an (Shajing) 黑
Yangjiang 黑
Kuala Lumpur 黑
Singapore 黑
Gan Nanchang 黑, 烏, 青
Hakka Meixian 烏
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 烏
Dongguan (Qingxi) 烏
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 烏
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 黑
Conghua (Lütian) 黑
Jin Taiyuan 黑
Min Bei Jian'ou 烏, 青
Min Dong Fuzhou 烏, 青
Min Nan Xiamen 烏
Quanzhou 烏
Zhangzhou 烏
Taipei 烏
Kaohsiung 烏
Tainan 烏
Penang (Hokkien) 烏
Singapore (Hokkien) 烏
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 烏
Pingnan (Shangdu) 黑
Chaozhou 烏
Shantou 烏
Haifeng 烏
Singapore (Teochew) 烏
Haikou 烏
Leizhou 烏
Wu Shanghai 黑
Suzhou 黑
Wenzhou 黑, 烏, 青
Xiang Changsha 黑, 青
Shuangfeng 黑, 青

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 黑

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

黒

Kyūjitai

黑

Kanji[edit]

黑

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 黒)

  1. black

Readings[edit]

Khitan[edit]

Noun[edit]

黑 (kara)

  1. west

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

黑 • (heuk) (hangeul 흑)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

黑 (hắc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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