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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:
U+9ED1, 黑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED1

[U+9ED0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9ED2]
U+2FCA, ⿊
KANGXI RADICAL BLACK

[U+2FC9]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FCB]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 203, +0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田土火 (WGF), four-corner 60331, composition ⿱⿻)

  1. Kangxi radical #203, .

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1518, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4743, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9ED1

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Pictogram (象形) – a person () with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing ( and ), one of the five punishments of ancient China.

In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around , leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : 𡆧 (chimney) + (fire; flame) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.

This word displaced the earlier word for "black", . Unrelated to .

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𪐗

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Pronunciation

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Note: hěi - variant used in some contexts, e.g. 黑豆.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xei⁵⁵/
Harbin /xei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xei²¹/
Jinan /xei²¹³/
Qingdao /xe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /xɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /xei²¹/
Xining /xɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xɯ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə¹³/
Ürümqi /xei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/
Pingyao /xʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /xəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /həʔ⁵/
Suzhou /həʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /hɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /he²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /xə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /het̚¹/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Nanning /hɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese)

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (32)
Final () (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter xok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hək̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/hək̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/xək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hək̚/
Li
Rong
/xək̚/
Wang
Li
/xək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/xək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
he
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hak1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hēi
Middle
Chinese
‹ xok ›
Old
Chinese
/*m̥ˁək/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > xˁ-)
English black

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5109
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hmlɯːɡ/

Definitions

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  1. black
      ―  hēi  ―  black color
    帽子  ―  Tā dài zhe hēi màozi.  ―  She's wearing a black hat.
  2. dark; darkness
    這麼 [MSC, trad.]
    这么 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhème hēi, wǒ kàn bù jiàn. [Pinyin]
    It's so dark; I can't see.
      ―  Tā hěn pà hēi.  ―  She is very afraid of the dark.
    [Cantonese, trad.]
    [Cantonese, simp.]
    seng4 gaan1 fong4-2 hou2 haak1. [Jyutping]
    The whole room is very dark.
  3. evening; night
  4. illegal; clandestine; secret; shady
      ―  hēishì  ―  black market
      ―  hēibāng  ―  criminal gang
    昨天他們公園 [MSC, trad.]
    昨天他们公园 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuótiān tāmen zài gōngyuán kāi le ge hēi huì. [Pinyin]
    They had a clandestine meeting in the park yesterday.
  5. (colloquial) to illegally reside (in a country)
  6. sinister; evil
  7. (computing) to crack; to hack
      ―  hēi  ―  hacker
    可以亨德森辦公室電腦 [MSC, trad.]
    可以亨德森办公室电脑 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ hēidiào Hēngdésēn bàngōngshì de diànnǎo ma? [Pinyin]
    Can you hack into Henderson's office computer?
  8. (colloquial) to smear; to libel
    有一說一 [MSC, trad.]
    有一说一 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn shì, wǒ kě shì yǒu yī shuō yī, bù chuī bù hēi. [Pinyin]
    As for this thing, I say it as it is and don't boast or libel.
    ××一次 [MSC, trad.]
    ××一次 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì × × bèi hēi de zuì cǎn de yī cì. [Pinyin]
    This is the time when **** is libelled the most badly.
  9. one who libels; one who smears
  10. (by extension) hater; anti-fan
  11. (Cantonese) unlucky; unfortunate
  12. (Hui, euphemistic) pig; pork
  13. Short for 黑龍江黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”).
  14. a surname
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (こく) (koku)
  • Korean: 흑(黑) (heuk)
  • Vietnamese: hắc ()

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing
Harbin
Tianjin
Jinan
Qingdao
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Kunming
Nanjing
Hefei
Jin Taiyuan
Pingyao
Hohhot
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou
Hui Shexian
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha
Xiangtan
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou
Nanning
Hong Kong
Min Xiamen (Hokkien)
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
Jian'ou (Northern Min)
Shantou (Teochew)
Haikou (Hainanese) /ɔu²³/ 訓烏

Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese) Alternative form of (black)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. black

Readings

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Khitan

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Etymology

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Unknown. Perhaps related to Old Uyghur 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara, black). Colors indicated cardinal directions in Old Turkic.

Compare Old Uyghur 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽺𐽷 (Karačaŋ, Yunnan province of China, lit. 'Western-Xiang').

Noun

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(kara)

  1. west

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 검을 (geomeul heuk))

  1. hanja form? of (black)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: hắc

  1. chữ Hán form of hắc (black).

Compounds

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