黑暗

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See also: 黒暗

Chinese

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black; dark; Heilongjiang Province (abbrev.)
dark; gloomy; hidden
dark; gloomy; hidden; secret
 
simp. and trad.
(黑暗)
alternative forms 黑黯
anagram 暗黑

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (32) (34)
Final () (131) (159)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter xok 'omH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hək̚/ /ʔʌmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/hək̚/ /ʔəmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xək̚/ /ʔɒmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/hək̚/ /ʔəmH/
Li
Rong
/xək̚/ /ʔᴀmH/
Wang
Li
/xək̚/ /ɒmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xək̚/ /ʔămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
he àn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hak1 am3

Etymology 1

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Adjective

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黑暗

  1. dark; unlighted
    他們驅趕進入黑暗地牢 [MSC, trad.]
    他们驱赶进入黑暗地牢 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen bèi rén qūgǎn jìnrù yī ge hēi'àn de dìláo. [Pinyin]
    They were driven into a dark dungeon.
  2. (figurative) backward; unenlightened; evil; corrupt; sordid; dark
    一個黑暗世界一个黑暗世界  ―  yīge hēi'àn de shìjiè  ―  a dark world
Synonyms
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  • (dark):
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Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of dark): 光明 (guāngmíng)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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The 9th-century Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang described 黑暗 (MC xok 'omH, “lit. black-dark”) as the name for “rhinoceros(-horn)” in the place Po-se (波斯 (Bōsī), “Persia”), in parallel to 白暗 (MC baek 'omH, “lit. white-dark”), the designation for “ivory”.

Laufer (1914: 145) and Laufer (1967: 473) pointed out that these names cannot be Persian, but are Malayan in origin. Additionally, it is clear that neither the Malayan words for “rhinoceros-horn” and “ivory”, nor the words for “rhinoceros” and “elephant”, are implicated in these etymologies. It appears that these two Chinese words are corruptions of the colour names “black” and “white”, with which the local traders in Malaya at the time distinguished rhinoceros-horn and ivory.

Laufer compared the former with Jarai [Term?] (hötam), Cebuano itom, Malay hitam, Javanese item, Tagalog itim, all meaning “black” (in Austronesian languages), and the latter with: Čam bauṅ, boṅ, or bhuṅ; Senoi biūg, other forms in the Sakei and Semang languages of Malakka biok, biäk, biēg, begiäk, bekuṅ, bekog; Alfur, Boloven, Kon tu, Kaseng, Lave, and Niah bok, Sedeng röboṅ, Stieng bōk (“white”); Bahnar bak (Mon bu), most of which are the Mon-Khmer words for “white” (proto-form *kɓɔɔk and *kbooʔ).

Noun

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黑暗

  1. (obsolete) rhinoceros horn
See also
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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
こく
Jinmeiyō
あん
Grade: 3
on'yomi kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 黑暗 – see the following entry.
黒暗こくあん
[noun] absolute darkness
[noun] (Buddhism) a complete lack of virtue or wisdom
[noun] pure black (color/colour)
Alternative spelling
黒闇
(This term, 黑暗, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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黑暗

  1. chữ Hán form of hắc ám (dark; unlighted).