呼

See also: 呯 and 謼

呼	U+547C, 呼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-547C

← 呻
[U+547B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

命 →
[U+547D]

㈺	U+323A, ㈺ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH CALL

← ㈹
[U+3239]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㈻ →
[U+323B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

呼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口竹火木 (RHFD), four-corner 6204₉, composition ⿰口乎)

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3471
Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 605, character 2
Unihan data for U+547C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		呼

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (乎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
罅	*qʰraːs
呼	*qʰaː
軤	*qʰaː
苸	*qʰaː
嘑	*qʰaː
歑	*qʰaː
謼	qʰaː, qʰaːs
滹	*qʰaː
乎	*ɢaː
虖	qʰaː, qʰʷa, qʰaː, qʰʷa
嫭	*ɢaːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 乎 (OC *ɢaː) – to exhale, call, or shout from the mouth.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hū (hu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
Eastern Min (BUC): hù / kŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ho͘ / kho͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu¹ / u¹ / hou¹ / kou¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹hu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hū
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hu
  - Wade–Giles: hu¹
  - Yale: hū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu¹
  - Yale: fū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hù / kŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/, /kʰu⁵⁵/

Note:

hù - literary;
kŭ - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho͘ / kho͘
  - Tâi-lô: hoo / khoo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hof, qof
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ³³/, /kʰɔ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴⁴/, /kʰɔ⁴⁴/

Note:

ho͘ - literary;
kho͘ - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu¹ / u¹ / hou¹ / kou¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu / u / hou / khou
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/, /u³³/, /hou³³/, /kʰou³³/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹hu
  - MiniDict: hu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹hu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hu⁵³/

Middle Chinese: xu

Rime
Character	呼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	荒烏切
Baxter	xu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huo/
Pan Wuyun	/huo/
Shao Rongfen	/xo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɔ/
Li Rong	/xo/
Wang Li	/xu/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤa/, /*qʰˤa-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	呼	呼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hū	hù
Middle Chinese	‹ xu ›	‹ xu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁa/	/*qʰˁa-s/
English	call out, shout	call out, shout
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呼
Reading #	1/1
No.	5181
Phonetic component	乎
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	呼
Old Chinese	/*qʰaː/

Definitions[edit]

呼

to breathe out; to exhale; to sigh
to shout; to yell
to call (someone); to address
(onomatopoeia, of wind) howling
(Chinese phonetics) medial; in Middle Chinese: being open-mouthed (開口／开口) or closed-mouthed (合口), also called 開合／开合); or, for modern Chinese: one of four medials (四呼)

Antonyms[edit]

(antonym(s) of "to breathe out"): 吸 (xī)

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiāo (xiao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siao
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao¹
  - Yale: syāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
  - Palladius: сяо (sjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions[edit]

呼

^† Alternative form of 詨／𰵦 (xiào, “to shout”)

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xū
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syu
  - Wade–Giles: hsü¹
  - Yale: syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/

Definitions[edit]

呼

^† Alternative form of 吁 (“sigh (expression of fatigue)”)

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hè (he⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hè
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hè
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Yale: hè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹/

Definitions[edit]

呼

^† Expression of anger.

Pronunciation 5[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xià (xia⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xià
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sià
  - Wade–Giles: hsia⁴
  - Yale: syà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
  - Palladius: ся (sja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

Definitions[edit]

呼

^‡ Alternative form of 罅 (xià, “crack; rift”)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

呼

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kun: よぶ (yobu, 呼ぶ, Jōyō)

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
呼
こ Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 呼 (MC xu).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Affix[edit]

呼(こ) • (ko)

to breathe out, to exhale, to sigh
to shout, to yell
to call (someone), to address

Compounds[edit]

呼吸 (kokyū, “breath, breathing”)
歓呼 (kanko, “cheer, shout”)
呼号 (kogō, “shout, proclaim”)
呼称 (koshō, “name, designation, form of address”)
呼格 (kokaku, “vocative case”)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 呼 (MC xu). Recorded as Middle Korean 호 (hwo) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [호]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

呼

Wikisource

呼 (eumhun 부를 호 (bureul ho))

Hanja form^? of 호 (“to call; to shout”).
Hanja form^? of 호 (“to exhale; to breathe out”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

호소(呼訴) (hoso)
호응(呼應) (ho'eung)
호칭(呼稱) (hoching)
호출(呼出) (hochul)
호명(呼名) (homyeong)
환호(歡呼) (hwanho)
환호성(歡呼聲) (hwanhoseong)
호흡(呼吸) (hoheup)
호흡기(呼吸器) (hoheupgi)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]