吁

See also: 籲

吁 U+5401, 吁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5401 ← 吀 [U+5400] CJK Unified Ideographs 吂 → [U+5402]

Translingual

Han character

吁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口一木 (RMD), four-corner 6104₀, composition ⿰口于)

Derived characters

• 冔

Additional Derived Characters

• 𬇢, 𦮣, 𦊯, 𠳲, 𠵄

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3275
• Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 575, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5401

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
侉	*qaːls
夸	*kʰʷraː
姱	*kʰʷraː
胯	*kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨	*kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇	*kʰʷraː
垮	*kʰʷraːʔ
銙	*kʰʷraːʔ
骻	*kʰʷraːʔ
咵	*kʰʷraːʔ
釫	*ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦	*ɡʷraːs
鮬	*pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀	*qʰʷl'aː
扝	*kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳	*kʰʷaː
郀	*kʰʷaː
挎	*kʰʷaː
袴	*kʰʷaːs
絝	*kʰʷaːs
褲	*kʰʷaːs
恗	*qʰaː
洿	*ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠	*ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠	*ɢʷlaːʔ
污	*qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇	*qʷaː
圬	*qʷaː
鴮	*qʷaː
盓	*qʷaː
汙	*qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗	*qʰʷl'a
摴	*qʰʷl'a
荂	*pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩	*qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁	*qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱	*qʰʷa
訏	*qʰʷa
扜	*qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴	*qʰʷa
冔	*qʰʷaʔ
紆	*qʷa
陓	*qʷa
迂	*qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶	*qʷa
于	*ɢʷa
盂	*ɢʷa
竽	*ɢʷa
邘	*ɢʷa
玗	*ɢʷa
芋	*ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅	*ɢʷa
釪	*ɢʷa
骬	*ɢʷa
謣	*ɢʷla
宇	*ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		吁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xū (xu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi¹
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hy¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xū
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syu
    • Wade–Giles: hsü¹
    • Yale: syū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiu
    • Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: heoi¹
    • Yale: hēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hy¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hy⁵⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: xju, hjuH

Rime
Character	吁	吁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	況于切	王遇切
Baxter	xju	hjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨo/	/ɦɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/hio/	/ɦioH/
Shao Rongfen	/xio/	/ɣioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/huə̆/	/ɦuə̆H/
Li Rong	/xio/	/ɣioH/
Wang Li	/xĭu/	/ɣĭuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯u/	/i̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xū	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	heoi1	jyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰ(r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷa/, /*ɢʷas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ xju ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰ(r)a/
English	pained
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吁	吁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15694	15721
Phonetic component	于	于
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	訏	芋
Old Chinese	/*qʰʷa/	/*ɢʷas/
Notes	於轉註字

Definitions

吁

1. to sigh
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) huh! (used to express surprise or doubt)
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) worried
4. a surname
5. alternative form of 噓 / 嘘

1. used in 欷吁

Compounds

• 吁俞
• 吁吁
• 吁咈
• 吁咈都俞
• 吁嗟
• 吁噓
• 吁氣
• 喘吁吁
• 嗟吁
• 噫吁戲
• 欷吁 (xīxū)
• 歎吁
• 氣吁吁
• 氣喘吁吁 (qìchuǎnxūxū)
• 短嘆長吁 / 短叹长吁
• 都俞吁咈
• 長吁
• 長吁短嘆 / 长吁短叹 (chángxūduǎntàn)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		吁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yū, yú (yu¹, yu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩ, ㄩˊ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): y²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yū
    • Zhuyin: ㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yu
    • Wade–Giles: yü¹
    • Yale: yū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
    • Wade–Giles: yü²
    • Yale: yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: y²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: y²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²⁴/

Definitions

吁

1. (Mainland China) (used to stop animals from advancing) whoa!

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 吁 – see 籲 (“to appeal; to plead; to call”). (This character is the simplified form of 籲).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “吁”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

Japanese

Kanji

吁

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: う (u)、く (ku)
• Kan-on: う (u)、く (ku)
• Kun: あう (au)

References

• “^▲吁”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

吁 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

吁: Hán Việt readings: hu, hù, u
吁: Nôm readings: hu, hủ, vo, vu, xu

1. chữ Hán form of hù (“to scare someone with a surprise”)
2. chữ Hán form of vù (“sound of the blowing wind”)