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於

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 于
於 U+65BC, 於
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65BC
← 斻
[U+65BB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 施 →
[U+65BD]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • The Hong Kong standard form for this character is ⿸𭤨⺀, despite the fact that 於 is not related to 方 or 㫃 (see below).

Han character

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於 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人卜 (YSOY), four-corner 08233, composition ⿰方仒 (GTJKV) or ⿸𭤨⺀ (H))

Descendants

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Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 481, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13628
  • Dae Jaweon: page 843, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2175, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+65BC

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 於
Western Zhou Warring States Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (於) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閼 *qran, *qeːn, *qaːd, *qad
菸 *qeːn, *qas
於 *qaː, *qa
淤 *qa, *qas
箊 *qa
唹 *qa
扵 *qa
瘀 *qas
棜 *qas

From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃.

Etymology 1

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trad. 於/于*
simp. 于*
alternative forms 扵
𤕘

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

In Mandarin this is innovatively pronounced yú. Schuessler (2007) sees this pronunciation from 于, essentially treating this phonomenon as xundu (訓讀 / 训读). While Sun (2018) sees this innovative pronunciation as having developed phonetically.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 央居切
Baxter 'jo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]a/
English at (locative preposition)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
No. 15812
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		於
Old
Chinese 		/*qa/

Definitions

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於

  1. (indicates time or place) in; at; on
    Synonym: 在
    生於1980年／生于1980年  ―  shēng yú 1980 nián  ―  born in 1980
    峰會將於北京舉行。 [MSC, trad.]
    峰会将于北京举行。 [MSC, simp.]
    Fēnghuì jiāng yú běijīng jǔxíng. [Pinyin]
    The summit will be held in Beijing.
  2. (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on
    求助於人／求助于人  ―  qiúzhù yú rén  ―  to ask people for help
    不滿足於現狀／不满足于现状  ―  bù mǎnzú yú xiànzhuàng  ―  not satisfied with the status quo
    有益於健康／有益于健康  ―  yǒuyì yú jiànkāng  ―  good for health
    己所不欲，勿施於人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    己所不欲，勿施于人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén. [Pinyin]
    Do not do unto others what you would not like others to do unto yourself.
  3. (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to
    獻身於革命事業／献身于革命事业  ―  xiànshēn yú gémìng shìyè  ―  to be devoted to the revolution
    致力於創新／致力于创新  ―  zhìlì yú chuàngxīn  ―  to be committed to innovation
    病情趨向於穩定。 [MSC, trad.]
    病情趋向于稳定。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bìngqíng qūxiàng yú wěndìng. [Pinyin]
    The condition [of the patient] is stabilizing.
  4. (indicates beginning or source) from
    源於／源于  ―  yuányú  ―  to originate from
    他畢業於復旦大學。 [MSC, trad.]
    他毕业于复旦大学。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bìyè yú Fùdàn Dàxué. [Pinyin]
    He graduated from Fudan University.
  5. (indicates the agent of action) by
    限於條件／限于条件  ―  xiàn yú tiáojiàn  ―  limited by circumstances
  6. (indicates comparison) than
    血濃於水／血浓于水  ―  xuènóngyúshuǐ  ―  blood is thicker than water
    苛政猛於虎／苛政猛于虎  ―  kēzhèngměngyúhǔ  ―  oppressive governments are more terrible than tigers
  7. (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to
    至於／至于  ―  zhìyú  ―  as to
    屬於／属于  ―  shǔyú  ―  to belong to
    樂於助人／乐于助人  ―  yuè yú zhùrén  ―  to be willing to help others
    敢於承擔責任／敢于承担责任  ―  gǎn yú chéngdān zérèn  ―  to dare to assume responsibility

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 於

Pronunciation

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Note: yū - surname sense in Mainland.
Rime
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 央居切
Baxter 'jo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]a/
English at (locative preposition)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
No. 15812
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		於
Old
Chinese 		/*qa/

Definitions

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於

  1. a surname

Usage notes

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The surname 於 is to be distinguished from another surname 于. The surname 於 is still 於 in simplified Chinese.

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 於
alternative forms 扵

Variant of 阿 (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 哀都切
Baxter 'u
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔo/
Wang
Li 		/u/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]ˁa/
English oh!

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
No. 15810
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		烏
Old
Chinese 		/*qaː/

Definitions

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於

  1. alternative form of 烏 / 乌 (“crow; raven”)
  2. alternative form of 嗚 / 呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”)
  3. used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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於

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings)

Readings

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  • Go-on: お (o)、う (u)
  • Kan-on: よ (yo)、お (o)←を (wo, historical)
  • Kun: おいて (oite, 於いて)、あう (au)、より (yori)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
於
Jinmeiyō

A legacy of Literary Chinese 於 (“at”).

Symbol

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於 

  1. at; sometimes appears on signage to designate the location or time of an event, preposed as in classical Chinese (but in contravention of Japanese word order).
    於：会議室
    at: meeting room

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

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Hanja

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於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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於: Hán Việt readings: ư[1][2][3]
於: Nôm readings: ơ[1][2][3][4], ở[1][2][3][4], ưa[1][2][3][4], ờ[1][2][3], ư[1][3], ớ[1][3], ô[3], ứ[3], thờ[3]

  1. chữ Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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