於

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See also: 于
於 U+65BC, 於
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65BC
← 斻
[U+65BB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 施 →
[U+65BD]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
於-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • The Hong Kong standard form for this character is ⿸𭤨⺀, despite the fact that 於 is not related to 方 or 㫃 (see below).

Han character[edit]

於 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人卜 (YSOY), four-corner 08233, composition ⿰方仒 (GTJKV) or ⿸𭤨⺀ (H))

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 481, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13628
  • Dae Jaweon: page 843, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2175, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+65BC

Chinese[edit]

trad. 於/于*
simp. 于*
alternative forms 扵
The preposition senses.
simp. and trad.
 於
alternative forms 扵
Other senses.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 於
Western Zhou Warring States Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Transcribed ancient scripts
於-bronze.svg 於-silk.svg 於-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (於) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閼 *qran, *qeːn, *qaːd, *qad
菸 *qeːn, *qas
於 *qaː, *qa
淤 *qa, *qas
箊 *qa
唹 *qa
扵 *qa
瘀 *qas
棜 *qas

From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃.

Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses.

Etymology[edit]

Preposition
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.).
Prefix in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘
Variant of 阿 (OC *qaːl, “prefix in kinship terms and personal names”) (ibid.).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: yū - surname sense in Mainland.
Note:
  • surname:
    • Xiamen - u;
    • Quanzhou - ir;
    • Zhangzhou - î.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • i1/e1 - preposition;
    • u1 - surname.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 於
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 央居切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔiɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔiɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yū
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyu1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 於
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ʔ]a/
    English at (locative preposition)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 於
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 15812
    Phonetic
    component         		於
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		於
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qa/

    Definitions[edit]

    於

    1. (indicates time or place) in; at; on
      Synonym: 在 (zài)
      生於1980年 / 生于1980年  ―  shēng yú 1980 nián  ―  born in 1980
      峰會將於北京舉行。 [MSC, trad.]
      峰会将于北京举行。 [MSC, simp.]
      Fēnghuì jiāng yú běijīng jǔxíng. [Pinyin]
      The summit will be held in Beijing.
    2. (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on
      求助於人 / 求助于人  ―  qiúzhù yú rén  ―  to ask people for help
      不滿足於現狀 / 不满足于现状  ―  bù mǎnzú yú xiànzhuàng  ―  not satisfied with the status quo
      有益於健康 / 有益于健康  ―  yǒuyì yú jiànkāng  ―  good for health
      己所不欲，勿施於人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      己所不欲，勿施于人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén. [Pinyin]
      Do not do unto others what you would not like others to do unto yourself.
    3. (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to
      獻身於革命事業 / 献身于革命事业  ―  xiànshēn yú gémìng shìyè  ―  to be devoted to the revolution
      致力於創新 / 致力于创新  ―  zhìlì yú chuàngxīn  ―  to be committed to innovation
      病情趨向於穩定。 / 病情趋向于稳定。  ―  Bìngqíng qūxiàng yú wěndìng.  ―  The condition [of the patient] is stabilizing.
    4. (indicates beginning or source) from
      源於 / 源于  ―  yuányú  ―  to originate from
      他畢業於復旦大學。 [MSC, trad.]
      他毕业于复旦大学。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā bìyè yú Fùdàn Dàxué. [Pinyin]
      He graduated from Fudan University.
    5. (indicates the agent of action) by
      限於條件 / 限于条件  ―  xiàn yú tiáojiàn  ―  limited by circumstances
    6. (indicates comparison) than
      血濃於水 / 血浓于水  ―  xuènóngyúshuǐ  ―  blood is thicker than water
      苛政猛於虎 / 苛政猛于虎  ―  kēzhèngměngyúhǔ  ―  oppressive governments are more terrible than tigers
    7. (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to
      至於 / 至于  ―  zhìyú  ―  as to
      屬於 / 属于  ―  shǔyú  ―  to belong to
      樂於助人 / 乐于助人  ―  yuè yú zhùrén  ―  to be willing to help others
      敢於承擔責任 / 敢于承担责任  ―  gǎn yú chéngdān zérèn  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    8. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 於

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 於
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 哀都切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔuo/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔuo/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔo/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔɔ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔo/
    Wang
    Li         		/u/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔuo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wū
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wu1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 於
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔu ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ʔ]ˁa/
    English oh!

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 於
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 15810
    Phonetic
    component         		於
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		烏
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qaː/

    Definitions[edit]

    於

    1. Alternative form of 烏／乌 (wū, “crow; raven”).
    2. Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”).
    3. Used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 於

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    於

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    於: Hán Việt readings: ư[1][2][3]
    於: Nôm readings: ơ[1][2][3][4], ở[1][2][3][4], ưa[1][2][3][4], ờ[1][2][3], ư[1][3], ớ[1][3], ô[3], ứ[3], thờ[3]

    1. Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”).

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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