己

See also: 已 and 巳

己	U+5DF1, 己 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF1

← 巰
[U+5DF0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

已 →
[U+5DF2]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 49 己

己 (radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 1771₇, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)

Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
Shuowen Jiezi radical №518

Derived characters[edit]

Index:Chinese radical/己
𠯇, 圮, 妃, 屺, 忋, 𢩵, 𣲆, 𣅗, 杞, 𬉺, 玘, 𥐦, 䄫, 紀(纪), 記(记), 𨊲, 配, 𨥈, 魢(鱾), 𩾩
包 (Japanese form)

Descendants[edit]

こ (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
コ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		己

Wikipedia has articles on:

己部 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Radical 49 (English)

Wikipedia has an article on:

己 (天干)

Wikipedia has articles on:

己姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Ji (surname 己) (English)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 己
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
改	*klɯːʔ
跽	*ɡrɯʔ
己	*kɯʔ
紀	*kɯʔ
妀	*kɯʔ
記	*kɯs
杞	*kʰɯʔ
屺	*kʰɯʔ
芑	*kʰɯʔ
邔	kʰɯʔ, ɡɯs
玘	*kʰɯʔ
忌	*ɡɯs
鵋	*ɡɯs
誋	*ɡɯs
梞	*ɡɯs

Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jǐ (ji³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ

(Chengdu, SP): ji³

(Dungan, Cyrillic): җи (ži, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei²
Gan (Wiktionary): ji³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kí

(Meixian, Guangdong): gi³
Jin (Wiktionary): ji²
Min Bei (KCR): gǐ
Min Dong (BUC): gī
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kī / kí

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi² / gi⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): ji (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ji³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ji³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: җи (ži, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei²
  - Yale: géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ci³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ji²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī / kí
  - Tâi-lô: kī / kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki, kie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²²/, /ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/, /ki⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/, /ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki³³/, /ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/, /ki⁴¹/

Note: kī - vernacular, kí - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi² / gi⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kí / kī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵²/, /ki¹¹/

Note: gi7 - used in 家己.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ji (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ji³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /kɨ^X/

Rime
Character	己
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居里切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ^X/
Li Rong	/kiə^X/
Wang Li	/kĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	己	己
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ ki^X ›	‹ ki^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əʔ/	/*k(r)əʔ/
English	6th heavenly stem	self
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	己
Reading #	1/1
No.	5765
Phonetic component	己
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

己

Coordinate terms[edit]

(heavenly stems) 天干; 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 己

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: おのれ (onore, 己, Jōyō); おの (ono, 己); おら (ora, 己); おれ (ore, 己); つちのと (tsuchinoto, 己)
Nanori: おと (oto); な (na); み (mi)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Usage notes[edit]

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨i⟩, ⟨ko₂⟩, and ⟨go₂⟩.

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

己

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
己
き Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kɨ^X).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [kʲi]

Proper noun[edit]

己(き) • (Ki)

the sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems
Hypernym: 十干 (Jikkan)

Derived terms[edit]

己巳(きし) (Kishi)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
つちのと Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) つちのと [tsùchínóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [t͡sɨ̥ᵝt͡ɕino̞to̞]

Proper noun[edit]

己(つちのと) • (Tsuchinoto)

the sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems
Hypernym: 十干 (Jikkan)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おのれ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) +‎ れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) おのれ [ònóré] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [o̞no̞ɾe̞]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おのれ) • (onore)

reflexive pronoun: oneself
first-person pronoun: I, me
second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
Synonyms: お前 (omae), 貴様 (kisama)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

己(おのれ)と (onore to)
己(おのれ)やれ (onore yare)
己(おのれ)顔(がお) (onoregao)
己(おのれ)奴(め) (onoreme)
己(おのれ)等(ら) (onorera)
己(おのれ)を枉(ま)ぐ (onore o magu)
勝(か)つは己(おのれ)に克(か)つより大(だい)なるはなし (katsu wa onore ni katsu yori dai naru wa nashi)

Adverb[edit]

己(おのれ) • (onore)

by oneself
Synonyms: 自然に (shizen ni), 独りでに (hitori de ni)

Interjection[edit]

己(おのれ) • (onore)

An interjection expressing anger or chagrin

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おの Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

己(おの) • (ono)

reflexive pronoun: oneself
first-person pronoun: I, me
Synonyms: 私 (watakushi), 我 (ware)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おれ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) おれ [òré] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [o̞ɾe̞]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おれ) • (ore)

Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Etymology 6[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おら Grade: 6
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

己(おら) • (ora)

first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 7[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
うぬ Grade: 6
Irregular

Sound shift from ono (see above).^[1]

Alternative forms[edit]

汝

Pronunciation[edit]

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) うぬ [ùnú] (Heiban – [0])
- (Tokyo) うぬ [úꜜnù] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝnɯ̟ᵝ]
Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun[edit]

己(うぬ) • (unu)

second-person pronoun: you
reflexive pronoun: oneself
Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)

Derived terms[edit]

己(うぬ)等(ら) (unura)

Interjection[edit]

己(うぬ) • (unu)

(vulgar) you!; you blockhead!

Etymology 8[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
うら Grade: 6
Irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun[edit]

己(うら) • (ura)

first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 9[edit]

Kanji in this term
己
おどれ Grade: 6
Irregular

Sound shift from onore (see above).^[1]

Pronoun[edit]

己(おどれ) • (odore)

second-person pronoun: you
Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

己 (eumhun 자기 기 (jagi gi))

Hanja form^? of 기 (“self”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

己 (kỷ, kỉ, anh)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

	First person	Second person	Close to speaker	Close to listener	Far from both	Interrogative	Reflexive
Person	あ (a), あれ (are) わ (wa), われ (ware) まろ (maro)	な (na), なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi)	こ (ko), これ (kore)	そ (so), それ (sore)	あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare)	た (ta), たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi)	おの (ono), おのれ (onore)
Thing			こ (ko), これ (kore)	そ (so), それ (sore)	あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare)	いづれ (izure) なに (nani)
Location			ここ (koko)	そこ (soko)	あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko)	いづこ (izuko) いづく (izuku) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko)
Direction			こち (kochi) こなた (konata)	そち (sochi) そなた (sonata)	あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata)	いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata)
Manner			か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō)	さ (sa), さて (sate) しか (shika)		いか (ika)
Time						いつ (itsu)

	First person	Second person	Close to speaker	Close to listener	Far from both	Interrogative	Reflexive
Person	あ (a), あれ (are) わ (wa), われ (ware) まろ (maro)	な (na), なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi)	こ (ko), これ (kore)	そ (so), それ (sore)	あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare)	た (ta), たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi)	おの (ono), おのれ (onore)
Thing			こ (ko), これ (kore)	そ (so), それ (sore)	あ (a), あれ (are) か (ka), かれ (kare)	いづれ (izure) なに (nani)
Location			ここ (koko)	そこ (soko)	あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko)	いづこ (izuko) いづく (izuku) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko)
Direction			こち (kochi) こなた (konata)	そち (sochi) そなた (sonata)	あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata)	いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata)
Manner			か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō)	さ (sa), さて (sate) しか (shika)		いか (ika)
Time						いつ (itsu)

己

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 6[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Etymology 7[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Etymology 8[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Etymology 9[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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