辛

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辛 U+8F9B, 辛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9B
← 辚
[U+8F9A]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 辜 →
[U+8F9C]
See also: 幸 and 羍

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
辛-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 160 辛

辛 (radical 160 辛+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 00401, composition ⿱立十)

  1. Kangxi radical #160, ⾟ (“bitter”).

Derived forms[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1250, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4036, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8F9B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 辛

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 辛
Small seal script
辛-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Pictogram (象形) – Picture of a tool used to mark slaves and criminals.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin (“liver; heart; bile; bitter”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sin/
Li
Rong		 /siĕn/
Wang
Li		 /sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辛 辛
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xīn xīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sin › ‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]i[n]/ /*si[n]/
English pungent; painful 8th heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
No. 13810
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 新
Old
Chinese		 /*siŋ/
Notes 甲文象黥刺刀具，𠞂（皮傷）初文

Definitions[edit]

辛

  1. spicy; hot; pungent
    辛辣  ―  xīnlà  ―  spicy
  2. hard; laborious; toilsome
    辛苦  ―  xīnkǔ  ―  laborious
  3. suffering; hardship; misery
    辛酸  ―  xīnsuān  ―  bitter
  4. The eighth of the ten heavenly stems.
  5. (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
  6. (organic chemistry) octa-
  7. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

辛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. spicy
  2. bitter
  3. hot
  4. acrid

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
辛
しん
Grade: S
on'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese 辛 (sin)

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

辛 (hiragana しん, rōmaji Shin)

  1. the eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
辛
かのと
Grade: S
kun'yomi

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

辛 (hiragana かのと, rōmaji Kanoto)

  1. the eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

辛 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune-Reischauer shin, sin, Yale sin)

  1. spicy; hot; pungent

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

辛 (tân, tăn, tơn, tăng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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