辛

See also: 幸 and 羍

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – Picture of a tool used to mark slaves and criminals.

辛	辛	辛
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

References

• "辛" (in Mandarin), 字源. URL accessed on 2014-02-22.

Han character

辛 (radical 160 辛+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 0040₁, composition ⿱立十)

1. fiery, piquant, hot
2. toilsome, laborious
3. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
4. a surname

See also

• 鹹

References

• KangXi: page 1250, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
• Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4036, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8F9B

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		辛

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xīn, bì, mǐ, pī (xin¹, bi⁴, mi³, pi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣ, ㄅㄧˋ, ㄇㄧˇ, ㄆㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): sin
• Min Nan (POJ): sin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Wade-Giles: hsin¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shin
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: bì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
    • Wade-Giles: pih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
    • IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: mǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
    • Wade-Giles: mih³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
    • IPA ^(key): /mi²¹⁴/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: pī
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
    • Wade-Giles: p'ih¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: san¹
    • Yale: sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sin
    • IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /ɕin⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
    • Tâi-lô: sin
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin³⁴/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (辛, reconstructed)
Character (辛), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 心 (16) Final: 眞 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 息鄰切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/siɪn/	/si̯ĕn/	/siĕn/	/sin/	/sin/	/sĭĕn/	/sjen/

Old Chinese pronunciation (辛, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
辛								xīn								‹ sin ›								/*[s]i[n]/								pungent; painful
辛								xīn								‹ sin ›								/*si[n]/								8th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
辛					13810					辛					眞					2					新					/*siŋ/					甲文象黥刺刀具，𠞂（皮傷）初文

Adjective

辛

1. spicy, hot, pungent
   • 辛辣
2. hard, laborious
   • 辛苦
3. suffering
   • 辛酸

Noun

辛

1. eighth, 8, H, VIII (used for unnamed people or object, to enumarate headings in a list, for grade)

Proper noun

辛

1. A surname​.
2. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems (天干).

Compounds

Related terms

辛迪加 辛亥革命 辛苦 辛苦费 辛辣 辛劳 辛勤 辛酸

See also

• 天干 The Heavenly Stems.

References

• (Mandarin) "辛" (in Mandarin/English), MDBG English to Chinese dictionary ( Based on CC-CEDICT ). URL accessed on 2014-02-18.
• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

辛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. spicy
2. bitter
3. hot
4. acrid

Readings

• On: しん (shin)
• Kun: からい (karai), つらい (tsurai), かのと (kanoto)

Compounds

• 辛党
• 辛味
• 辛気
• 辛気臭い
• 辛苦
• 辛酸
• 辛勝
• 辛抱
• 辛辣
• 辛労

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Korean

Hanja

辛 (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune-Reischauer shin, sin, Yale sin)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

辛 (tân, tăn, tơn, tăng)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.