辣

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See also: 辢
辣 U+8FA3, 辣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FA3
← 辢
[U+8FA2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辤 →
[U+8FA4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

辣 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜十木中 (YJDL), four-corner 05496, composition ⿰辛束)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1251, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38646
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1731, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4040, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8FA3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 辣
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 辣 (Cantonese)
  • 辣 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (剌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
鵣 *raːds
辣 *raːd
辢 *raːd
剌 *raːd
揧 *raːd
瘌 *raːd
楋 *raːd
蝲 *raːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːd): semantic 辛 + phonetic 束. The latter is an abbreviation of 剌 (OC *raːd).

Etymology 1[edit]

Possibly cognate with 厲 (OC *m·rads), 烈 (OC *red).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • la̍t - literary;
  • loa̍h - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 辣
    Mandarin Beijing /la⁵¹/
    Harbin /la⁵³/
    Tianjin /lɑ⁵³/
    Jinan /la²¹/
    Qingdao /la⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /la²⁴/
    Xi'an /la²¹/
    Xining /la⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /la¹³/
    Lanzhou /la¹³/
    Ürümqi /la²¹³/
    Wuhan /na²¹³/
    Chengdu /na³¹/
    Guiyang /na²¹/
    Kunming /la̠³¹/
    Nanjing /lɑʔ⁵/
    Hefei /lɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /laʔ²/
    Pingyao /lʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /laʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /laʔ¹/
    Suzhou /laʔ³/
    Hangzhou /lɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /la²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /la²²/
    Tunxi /lɔ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /la²⁴/
    Xiangtan /nɒ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /laʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /lat̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /lɑt̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lat̚²/
    Nanning /ʟat̚²²/
    Hong Kong /lɐt̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lat̚⁵/
    /luaʔ⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /laʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /luɛ⁴²/
    /la²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /la⁵/
    /luaʔ⁵/
    /luaʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /lua³³/
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 辣
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		là
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lat ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mə.rˁat/ (~ C.rˁat ?)
    English spicy-hot

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 辣
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7591
    Phonetic
    component         		剌
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		剌
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raːd/
    Notes 辢後起字，辛原在右

    Definitions[edit]

    辣

    1. spicy; hot; peppery; pungent; hot
      無辣不歡／无辣不欢  ―  wú là bù huān  ―  I don't find food that isn't spicy tasty.
      我不吃辣。  ―  Wǒ bù chī là.  ―  I don't eat spicy food.
    2. cruel; vicious
      毒辣  ―  dúlà  ―  sinister

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 辣 (“spicy”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 辛
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 辣, 辛辣
    Mandarin Beijing 辣
    Taiwan 辣
    Tianjin 辣
    Tangshan 辣
    Cangzhou 辣
    Baoding 辣
    Shijiazhuang 辣
    Chifeng 辣
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 辣
    Harbin 辣
    Shenyang 辣
    Yantai (Muping) 辣
    Qingdao 辣
    Jinan 辣
    Wanrong 麻
    Zhengzhou 辣
    Xi'an 辣
    Yinchuan 辣
    Lanzhou 辣
    Xining 辣
    Ürümqi 辣
    Wuhan 辣
    Chengdu 辣
    Chongqing 辣
    Guiyang 辣
    Kunming 辣
    Guilin 辣
    Liuzhou 辣
    Xuzhou 辣
    Yangzhou 辣
    Nanjing 辣
    Hefei 辣
    Nantong 辣
    Malaysia 辣
    Singapore 辣
    Cantonese Guangzhou 辣
    Hong Kong 辣
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 辣
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 辣
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 辣
    Taishan 辣
    Dongguan 辣
    Yangjiang 辣
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 辣
    Singapore (Guangfu) 辣
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 辣
    Gan Nanchang 辣
    Lichuan 辣
    Pingxiang 辣
    Hakka Meixian 辣
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 辣
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 辣
    Wengyuan 辣
    Liannan 辣
    Jiexi 辣
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 辣
    Changting 辣
    Wuping (Yanqian) 辣
    Ninghua 辣
    Yudu 辣
    Ningdu 辣
    Tonggu (Sandu) 辣
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 辣
    Dayu 辣
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 辣
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 辣
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 辣
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 辣
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 辣
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 薟
    Hong Kong 辣
    Mengshan (Xihe) 辣
    Luchuan 辣
    Senai (Huiyang) 辣
    Huizhou Jixi 辣
    Shexian 辣
    Jin Taiyuan 辣
    Xinzhou 辣
    Linhe 辣
    Jining 辣
    Hohhot 辣
    Zhangjiakou 辣
    Handan 辣
    Min Dong Fuzhou 辣
    Min Nan Xiamen 辣
    Quanzhou 辣
    Zhangzhou 辣
    Zhao'an 薟
    Dongshan 薟
    Taipei 薟
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 薟
    Kaohsiung 薟
    Yilan 薟
    Changhua (Lukang) 薟
    Taichung 薟
    Tainan 辣, 薟
    Taitung 薟
    Hsinchu 薟
    Kinmen 辣
    Penghu (Magong) 辣
    Penang (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
    Singapore (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
    Manila (Hokkien) 風, 辣
    Chaozhou 薟
    Shantou 薟
    Shantou (Chenghai) 薟
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 薟
    Jieyang 薟
    Haifeng 薟
    Bangkok (Teochew) 薟
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 薟
    Singapore (Teochew) 薟
    Pontianak (Teochew) 薟
    Wenchang 辣
    Haikou 辣
    Qionghai 辣
    Puxian Min Putian 辣
    Min Zhong Yong'an 辣
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 辣
    Shehua Fu'an 辣
    Fuding 辣
    Luoyuan 辣
    Sanming 辣
    Shunchang 辣
    Hua'an 辣
    Guixi (Zhangping) 辣
    Cangnan 辣
    Jingning 辣
    Lishui 辣
    Longyou 辣
    Chaozhou 辣
    Fengshun 辣
    Wu Shanghai 辣
    Shanghai (Chongming) 辣
    Suzhou 辣
    Danyang 辣
    Hangzhou 辣
    Ningbo 辣
    Wenzhou 辣
    Jinhua 辣
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 辣農
    Xiang Changsha 辣
    Loudi 辣

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 辣
    alternative forms 嘞
    勒
    拉
    啦
    垃

    From 在 (MC d͡zʌiX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with Suzhounese 勒.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    辣 (Northern Wu)

    1. to be at; to be located at
    2. at; in
    3. be ...-ing; in the middle of doing something (indicating an action in progress)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 於
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
    Mandarin Beijing 在, 挨, 跟
    Taiwan 在
    Harbin 在
    Jinan 在, 從
    Wanrong 在
    Xi'an 在
    Ürümqi 在
    Wuhan 在
    Chengdu 在
    Guiyang 在
    Guilin 在
    Liuzhou 在
    Yangzhou 在
    Nanjing 在
    Hefei 在
    Malaysia 在
    Singapore 在
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 在
    Cantonese Guangzhou 喺, 響
    Hong Kong 喺, 響
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 喺, 在
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 喺, 響
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 在
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 在
    Macau 喺
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 喺, 響
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 響, 喺
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 在
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 在
    Foshan 喺, 響
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 喺, 響
    Foshan (Shunde) 喺
    Foshan (Sanshui) 喺
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 喺, 響
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 在
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 在
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 響, 揀
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 揀
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 喺
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 喺
    Taishan 到, 響
    Kaiping (Chikan) 到, 響
    Enping (Niujiang) 到, 響
    Heshan (Yayao) 響
    Dongguan 響, 在, 喺
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 在
    Yangjiang 在
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 喺, 響
    Singapore (Guangfu) 喺
    Gan Nanchang 在
    Lichuan 在
    Pingxiang 在
    Hakka Meixian 嗨
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 在
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 在
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 在
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 在
    Conghua (Lütian) 在
    Yudu 在
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 在
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 在
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 在
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 在
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 在
    Hong Kong 在
    Senai (Huiyang) 在
    Kuching (Hepo) 在
    Jin Taiyuan 在
    Xinzhou 在
    Min Bei Jian'ou 到
    Min Dong Fuzhou 著, 在, 洽
    Fuqing 著, 洽
    Singapore (Fuqing) 著
    Min Nan Xiamen 佇, 踮, 蹛
    Quanzhou 佇, 踮, 蹛
    Zhangzhou 佇, 咧, 蹛
    Zhao'an 佇, 蹛
    Taipei 佇
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 佇
    Kaohsiung 佇
    Yilan 佇
    Changhua (Lukang) 佇
    Taichung 佇
    Tainan 佇, 踮, 蹛
    Hsinchu 佇
    Kinmen 佇
    Penghu (Magong) 佇
    Penang (Hokkien) 佇, 蹛
    Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 壏
    Manila (Hokkien) 佇, 踮
    Chaozhou 在
    Shantou 在
    Shantou (Chenghai) 在
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
    Jieyang 在, 壏, 放
    Haifeng 著
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 在
    Singapore (Teochew) 在, 壏
    Leizhou 佇, 放
    Wenchang 佇
    Singapore (Hainanese) 佇
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 在
    Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海, 辣該
    Suzhou 勒
    Danyang 在
    Hangzhou 勒, 勒哈, 在
    Ningbo 來, 來勒, 來的, 來東, 來當, 來該
    Wenzhou 是
    Xiang Changsha 在
    Loudi 在
    Shuangfeng 在
    Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正在, 刻正
    Mandarin Beijing 正在, 在
    Taiwan 正在, 在
    Guilin 在
    Malaysia 正在, 在
    Singapore 正在, 在
    Cantonese Guangzhou 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
    Hong Kong 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
    Singapore (Guangfu) 喺度
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 在該, 當在
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 當, 在該
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 在該
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 在該
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 在該
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 正在, 在遐
    Min Dong Fuzhou 著𡅏, 𡅏
    Fuqing 著𡅏
    Singapore (Fuqing) 著𡅏
    Min Nan Xiamen 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
    Quanzhou 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
    Zhangzhou 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
    Tainan 佇咧, 咧, 當咧
    Penang (Hokkien) 佇
    Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 佇咧
    Manila (Hokkien) 佇咧, 咧
    Shantou 在
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
    Singapore (Teochew) 在
    Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海
    Ningbo 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒
    Wenzhou 是, 是搭

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 辣 – see 焫 (“to burn a needle applied to acupoints to stimulate them; etc.”).
    (This character, 辣, is a variant form of 焫.)

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    辣

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    辣, eumhun 매울 랄 (mae'ul ral), South Korea 매울 날 (mae'ul nal)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    辣: Hán Việt readings: lạt[1][2][3]
    辣: Nôm readings: lượt, lát[2], lướt[2], nhạt[2], nhợt[2]

    1. spicy, scathing, harsh

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Trần (1999).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Hồ (1976).
    3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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