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辣

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 辢
辣 U+8FA3, 辣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FA3
← 辢
[U+8FA2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辤 →
[U+8FA4]

Translingual

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Han character

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辣 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜十木中 (YJDL), four-corner 05496, composition ⿰辛束)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38646
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1731, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4040, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8FA3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 辣
alternative forms 辢
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 辣 (Cantonese)
  • 辣 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (剌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
鵣 *raːds
辣 *raːd
辢 *raːd
剌 *raːd
揧 *raːd
瘌 *raːd
楋 *raːd
蝲 *raːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːd): semantic 辛 + abbreviated phonetic 束 (OC *raːd).

Etymology 1

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Possibly cognate with 厲 (OC *m·rads), 烈 (OC *red).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • luah7/lua2 - vernacular;
  • lah7 - literary.
Note:
  • la̍t - literary;
  • loa̍h - vernacular (“spicy; cruel (Mainland China)”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 辣
Mandarin Beijing /la⁵¹/
Harbin /la⁵³/
Tianjin /lɑ⁵³/
Jinan /la²¹/
Qingdao /la⁴²/
Zhengzhou /la²⁴/
Xi'an /la²¹/
Xining /la⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /la¹³/
Lanzhou /la¹³/
Ürümqi /la²¹³/
Wuhan /na²¹³/
Chengdu /na³¹/
Guiyang /na²¹/
Kunming /la̠³¹/
Nanjing /lɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /lɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /laʔ²/
Pingyao /lʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /laʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /laʔ¹/
Suzhou /laʔ³/
Hangzhou /lɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /la²¹³/
Hui Shexian /la²²/
Tunxi /lɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /la²⁴/
Xiangtan /nɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /laʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /lat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /lɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lat̚²/
Nanning /ʟat̚²²/
Hong Kong /lɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lat̚⁵/
/luaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /laʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /luɛ⁴²/
/la²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /la⁵/
/luaʔ⁵/
/luaʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lua³³/
Rime
Character 辣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧達切
Baxter lat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lat̚/
Li
Rong 		/lɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/lɑt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		là
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		là
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə.rˁat/ (~ C.rˁat ?)
English spicy-hot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辣
Reading # 1/1
No. 7591
Phonetic
component 		剌
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		剌
Old
Chinese 		/*raːd/
Notes 辢後起字，辛原在右

Definitions

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辣

  1. spicy; hot; peppery; pungent; hot
    無辣不歡／无辣不欢  ―  wú là bù huān  ―  I don't find food that isn't spicy tasty.
    我不吃辣。  ―  Wǒ bù chī là.  ―  I don't eat spicy food.
  2. to be spicy; to be hot; to burn
  3. cruel; vicious
    毒辣  ―  dúlà  ―  sinister
  4. a surname, La

Synonyms

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  • (spicy):
Dialectal synonyms of 辣 (“spicy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 辛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 辣, 辛辣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 辣
Taiwan 辣
Chifeng 辣
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 辣
Harbin 辣
Shenyang 辣
Malaysia 辣
Singapore 辣
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 辣
Tangshan 辣
Cangzhou 辣
Baoding 辣
Shijiazhuang 辣
Jinan 辣
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 辣
Qingdao 辣
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 麻
Zhengzhou 辣
Xi'an 辣
Xining 辣
Xuzhou 辣
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 辣
Lanzhou 辣
Ürümqi 辣
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 辣
Chongqing 辣
Wuhan 辣
Guiyang 辣
Kunming 辣
Guilin 辣
Liuzhou 辣
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 辣
Yangzhou 辣
Nantong 辣
Hefei 辣
Cantonese Guangzhou 辣
Hong Kong 辣
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 辣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 辣
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 辣
Taishan 辣
Dongguan 辣
Yangjiang 辣
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 辣
Singapore (Guangfu) 辣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 辣
Gan Nanchang 辣
Lichuan 辣
Pingxiang 辣
Hakka Meixian 辣
Dongguan (Qingxi) 辣
Heyuan (Bendihua) 辣
Wengyuan 辣
Liannan 辣
Jiexi 辣
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 辣
Changting 辣
Wuping (Yanqian) 辣
Ninghua 辣
Yudu 辣
Ningdu 辣
Tonggu (Sandu) 辣
Ganzhou (Panlong) 辣
Dayu 辣
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 辣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 辣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 辣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 辣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 辣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 薟
Hong Kong 辣
Mengshan (Xihe) 辣
Luchuan 辣
Senai (Huiyang) 辣
Huizhou Jixi 辣
Shexian 辣
Jin Taiyuan 辣
Xinzhou 辣
Linhe 辣
Jining 辣
Hohhot 辣
Zhangjiakou 辣
Handan 辣
Eastern Min Fuzhou 辣
Southern Min Xiamen 辣
Quanzhou 辣
Zhangzhou 辣
Zhao'an 薟
Dongshan 薟
Taipei 薟
Taipei (Wanhua) 薟
New Taipei (Tamsui) 薟
New Taipei (Sanxia) 薟
New Taipei (Pingxi) 薟
Kaohsiung 薟
Yilan 薟
Changhua (Lukang) 薟
Taichung 薟
Taichung (Wuqi) 薟
Tainan 辣, 薟
Taitung 薟
Hsinchu 薟
Kinmen 辣
Penghu (Magong) 辣
Penang (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
Singapore (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
Manila (Hokkien) 風, 辣
Chaozhou 薟
Shantou 薟
Shantou (Chenghai) 薟
Shantou (Chaoyang) 薟
Jieyang 薟
Haifeng 薟
Bangkok (Teochew) 薟
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 薟
Singapore (Teochew) 薟
Pontianak (Teochew) 薟
Wenchang 辣
Haikou 辣
Qionghai 辣
Singapore (Hainanese) 辣
Puxian Min Putian 辣
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 辣
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 辣
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 辣
Xianyou 辣
Xianyou (Fengting) 辣
Xianyou (Youyang) 辣
Central Min Yong'an 辣
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 辣
Shehua Fu'an 辣
Fuding 辣
Luoyuan 辣
Sanming 辣
Shunchang 辣
Hua'an 辣
Guixi (Zhangping) 辣
Cangnan 辣
Jingning (Hexi) 辣
Lishui 辣
Longyou 辣
Chaozhou 辣
Fengshun 辣
Wu Shanghai 辣
Shanghai (Chongming) 辣
Suzhou 辣
Danyang 辣
Hangzhou 辣
Ningbo 辣
Wenzhou 辣
Jinhua 辣
Jinhua (Tangxi) 辣農
Xiang Changsha 辣
Loudi 辣
  • (cruel):

Compounds

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See also

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Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
甜 (tián) 酸 (suān) 鹹 / 咸 (xián) 苦 辣 (là) 鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi)

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 辣 – see 焫 (“(of hot objects) to burn; to scald; to sear; very hot; scalding”).
(This character is a variant form of 焫).

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 辣 – see 垃 (“to be at; to be located at; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 垃).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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辣

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: らち (rachi)
  • Kan-on: らつ (ratsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: からい (karai, 辣い)、きびしい (kibishii, 辣しい)、むごい (mugoi, 辣い)

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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辣 (eumhun 매울 랄 (mae'ul ral), word-initial (South Korea) 매울 날 (mae'ul nal))

  1. spicy

Vietnamese

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Han character

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辣: Hán Việt readings: lạt[1][2][3]
辣: Nôm readings: lượt, lát[2], lướt[2], nhạt[2], nhợt[2]

  1. scathing|harsh

References

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  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Hồ (1976).
  3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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