忍

忍 U+5FCD, 忍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD ← 忌 [U+5FCC] CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 → [U+5FCE]

Translingual

Han character

忍 (radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 1733₂, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters

• 認

References

• KangXi: page 376, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
• Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2271, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5FCD

---

Chinese

trad.		忍
simp. #		忍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忍
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
涊	*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃	*njɯns
認	*njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯnʔ): phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rěn (ren³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁵, jan²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiûn
• Min Bei (KCR): něng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lím / jím / lún

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lung²

• Wu (Wiktionary): nyin (T3); zen (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: rěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
    • Wade–Giles: jên³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
    • IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan⁵, jan²
    • Yale: yáhn, yán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁵, jan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁵, yen²
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐn¹³/, /jɐn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiun´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun¹
    • IPA: /ɲi̯un²⁴/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: něng
    • IPA ^(key): /neiŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
    • Tâi-lô: lím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liem
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jím
    • Tâi-lô: jím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiem
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑim⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑim⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lún
    • Tâi-lô: lún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luon
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /lun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun⁴¹/

Note:

• lím/jím - literary;
• lún - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lung²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng
  • IPA ^(key): /luŋ⁵²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: nyin (T3); zen (T3)
  • IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲɪɲ²³/, /z̻əɲ²³/

Note:

• 3nyin - colloquial;
• 3zen - literary.

---

• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 忍
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐən²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʐən²¹³/
	Tianjin	/in¹³/ /ʐən¹³/
	Jinan	/ʐẽ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iə̃⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐən⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ʐẽ⁵³/
	Xining	/ʐə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nən⁴²/
	Chengdu	/zən⁵³/
	Guiyang	/zen⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʐə̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʐən²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʐən²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ʐəŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/niʌ̃³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ȵin²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐən⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/in⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiun⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn³⁵/
	Nanning	/jɐn²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lim⁵³/ /lun⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/yŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/neiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zim⁵³/ /luŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zin²¹³/ /zun²¹³/ /nun²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪn^X/▼

Rime
Character	忍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而軫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵinX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵinX/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕnX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rěn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忍	忍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rěn	rěn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyinX ›	‹ nyinX ›
Old Chinese	/*nə[n]ʔ/	/*nə[n]ʔ/
English	cruel	endure
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忍
Reading #	1/1
No.	10828
Phonetic component	刃
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	忍
Old Chinese	/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions

忍

1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
2. to forbear

   忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh

   忍著眼淚 / 忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears

Compounds

• 不忍 (bùrěn)
• 不忍下手
• 不忍坐視／不忍坐视 (bùrěn zuòshì)
• 不忍心
• 不忍言 (bùrěnyán)
• 不忍釋手／不忍释手
• 動心忍性／动心忍性
• 包羞忍恥／包羞忍耻
• 吞聲忍氣／吞声忍气
• 吞聲忍讓／吞声忍让
• 含垢忍恥／含垢忍耻
• 含垢忍辱
• 含悲忍淚／含悲忍泪
• 含羞忍辱
• 堅忍／坚忍
• 堅忍不拔／坚忍不拔
• 容忍 (róngrěn)
• 弘忍
• 強忍／强忍 (qiǎngrěn)
• 忍不住 (rěnbùzhù)
• 忍俊不禁
• 忍冬 (rěndōng)
• 忍受 (rěnshòu)

• 忍垢
• 忍垢偷生
• 忍尤含詬／忍尤含诟
• 忍心 (rěnxīn)
• 忍心害理
• 忍性
• 忍恥偷生／忍耻偷生
• 忍恥含垢／忍耻含垢
• 忍恥含羞／忍耻含羞
• 忍氣吞聲／忍气吞声 (rěnqìtūnshēng)
• 忍無可忍／忍无可忍 (rěnwúkěrěn)
• 忍痛 (rěntòng)
• 忍者 (rěnzhě)
• 忍者龜／忍者龟
• 忍耐 (rěnnài)
• 忍術／忍术 (rěnshù)
• 忍讓／忍让 (rěnràng)
• 忍辱 (rěnrǔ)
• 忍辱偷生 (rěnrǔtōushēng)
• 忍辱含垢
• 忍辱含羞
• 忍辱求全
• 忍辱負重／忍辱负重

• 忍飢挨餓／忍饥挨饿
• 忍饑受渴／忍饥受渴
• 忍饑受餓／忍饥受饿
• 忮忍
• 愛不忍釋／爱不忍释
• 慘不忍睹／惨不忍睹 (cǎnbùrěndǔ)
• 慘不忍聞／惨不忍闻
• 於心不忍／于心不忍
• 於心何忍／于心何忍
• 殘忍／残忍 (cánrěn)
• 氣忍聲吞／气忍声吞
• 濡忍
• 猜忍
• 痛不堪忍
• 百忍
• 目不忍睹
• 目不忍視／目不忍视
• 相忍為國／相忍为国
• 聲吞氣忍／声吞气忍
• 能忍自安
• 落忍
• 隱忍／隐忍 (yǐnrěn)
• 難以忍受／难以忍受

---

Japanese

Kanji

忍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings

• Goon: にん (nin, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: じん (jin)
• Kun: しのぶ (shinobu, 忍ぶ, Jōyō); しのばせる (shinobaseru, 忍ばせる, Jōyō)
• Nanori: おし (oshi); しの (shino); しのぶ (shinobu); たう (tau); たふ (tafu)

Compounds

• 忍 (しの)ばせる (shinobaseru)
• 忍 (しの)ぶ (shinobu)
• 忍 (しの)び逢 (あ)い (shinobiai)
• 忍 (しの)び足 (あし) (shinobiashi)
• 忍 (しの)び入 (い)る (shinobiiru)
• 忍 (しの)び難 (がた)い (shinobigatai)
• 忍 (しの)び込 (こ)む (shinobikomu)
• 忍 (しの)び声 (ごえ) (shinobigoe)
• 忍 (しの)び泣 (な)き (shinobinaki)
• 忍 (しの)び泣 (な)く (shinobinaku)
• 忍 (しの)び音 (ね) (shinobine)
• 忍 (しの)びやか (shinobiyaka)
• 忍 (しの)び寄 (よ)る (shinobiyoru)
• 忍 (しの)び笑 (わら)い (shinobiwarai)
• 忍 (にん)苦 (く) (ninku)
• 忍 (にん)者 (じゃ) (ninja)
• 忍 (にん)従 (じゅう) (ninjū)
• 忍術 (にんじゅつ) (ninjutsu)
• 忍耐 (にんたい) (nintai)
• 忍耐強 (にんたいづよ)い (nintaizuyoi)
• 忍耐力 (にんたいりょく) (nintairyoku)
• 忍 (にん)法 (ぽう) (ninpō)
• 押 (お)忍 (す) (osu)/押 (おっ)忍 (す) (ossu)
• 恋 (こ)い忍 (しの)ぶ (koishinobu)
• 堪 (た)え忍 (しの)ぶ (taeshinobu)
• 耐 (た)え忍 (しの)ぶ (taeshinobu)
• 隠 (いん)忍 (にん) (innin)
• 勘 (かん)忍 (にん) (kannin)
• 堪 (かん)忍 (にん) (kannin)
• 堪忍袋 (かんにんぶくろ) (kanninbukuro)
• 堅 (けん)忍 (にん) (kennin)
• 堅忍不抜 (けんにんふばつ) (kenninfubatsu)
• 残 (ざん)忍 (にん) (zannin)

Proper noun

忍 (hiragana しのぶ, rōmaji Shinobu)

1. A unisex given name
2. A surname​.

---

Korean

Hanja

忍 • (in)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 인 (revised: in, McCune–Reischauer: in, Yale: in)
  • Name (hangeul): 참다

---

Vietnamese

Han character

忍 (nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.