忍

忍 U+5FCD, 忍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCD ← 忌 [U+5FCC] CJK Unified Ideographs 忎 → [U+5FCE]

Translingual

Han character

忍 (radical 61 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 1733₂, composition ⿱刃心)

Derived characters

• 認

References

• KangXi: page 376, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
• Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2271, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5FCD

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		忍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忍
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
涊	*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃	*njɯns
認	*njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯnʔ): phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rěn (ren³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁵, jan²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiûn
• Min Nan (POJ): lím / jím / lún
• Wu (Wiktionary): nyin (T3); zen (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: rěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
    • Wade-Giles: jên³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
    • IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan⁵, jan²
    • Yale: yáhn, yán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁵, jan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen⁵, yen²
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐn¹³/, /jɐn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiun´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun¹
    • IPA: /ɲi̯un²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
    • Tâi-lô: lím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liem
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jím
    • Tâi-lô: jím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiem
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑim⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑim⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lún
    • Tâi-lô: lún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lun⁴¹/

Note:

• lím/jím - literary;
• lún - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: nyin (T3); zen (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲɪɲ²³/, /z̻əɲ²³/

Note:

• 3nyin - colloquial;
• 3zen - literary.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 忍
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʐən²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʐən²¹³/
	Tianjin	/in¹³/ /ʐən¹³/
	Jinan	/ʐẽ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iə̃⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʐən⁵³/
	Xi'an	/ʐẽ⁵³/
	Xining	/ʐə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʐəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʐə̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ʐɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nən⁴²/
	Chengdu	/zən⁵³/
	Guiyang	/zen⁴²/
	Kunming	/ʐə̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʐən²¹²/
	Hefei	/ʐən²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/zəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ʐəŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ʐə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiŋ²³/ /zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən³¹/
	Hangzhou	/zen¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵaŋ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/niʌ̃³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ȵin²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐən⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/in⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵɨn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiun⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn³⁵/
	Nanning	/jɐn²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lim⁵³/ /lun⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/yŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/neiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zim⁵³/ /luŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zin²¹³/ /zun²¹³/ /nun²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪn^X/▼

Rime
Character	忍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而軫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵinX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵinX/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕnX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rěn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*nə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯnʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忍	忍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rěn	rěn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyinX ›	‹ nyinX ›
Old Chinese	/*nə[n]ʔ/	/*nə[n]ʔ/
English	cruel	endure
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忍
Reading #	1/1
No.	10828
Phonetic component	刃
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	忍
Old Chinese	/*njɯnʔ/

Definitions

忍

1. to endure; to bear; to suffer
2. to forbear

   忍笑  ―  rěn xiào  ―  to stifle a laugh

   忍著眼淚 / 忍着眼泪  ―  rěn zhe yǎnlèi  ―  to hold back tears

Compounds

• 不忍 (bùrěn)
• 不忍下手
• 不忍坐視／不忍坐视
• 不忍心
• 不忍言 (bùrěnyán)
• 不忍釋手／不忍释手
• 動心忍性／动心忍性
• 包羞忍恥／包羞忍耻
• 吞聲忍氣／吞声忍气
• 吞聲忍讓／吞声忍让
• 含垢忍恥／含垢忍耻
• 含垢忍辱
• 含悲忍淚／含悲忍泪
• 含羞忍辱
• 堅忍／坚忍
• 堅忍不拔／坚忍不拔
• 容忍 (róngrěn)
• 弘忍
• 強忍／强忍 (qiǎngrěn)
• 忍不住 (rěnbùzhù)
• 忍俊不禁
• 忍冬
• 忍受 (rěnshòu)

• 忍垢
• 忍垢偷生
• 忍尤含詬／忍尤含诟
• 忍心 (rěnxīn)
• 忍心害理
• 忍性
• 忍恥偷生／忍耻偷生
• 忍恥含垢／忍耻含垢
• 忍恥含羞／忍耻含羞
• 忍氣吞聲／忍气吞声
• 忍無可忍／忍无可忍
• 忍痛 (rěntòng)
• 忍者 (rěnzhě)
• 忍者龜／忍者龟
• 忍耐 (rěnnài)
• 忍術／忍术 (rěnshù)
• 忍讓／忍让 (rěnràng)
• 忍辱 (rěnrǔ)
• 忍辱偷生 (rěnrǔtōushēng)
• 忍辱含垢
• 忍辱含羞
• 忍辱求全
• 忍辱負重／忍辱负重

• 忍飢挨餓／忍饥挨饿
• 忍饑受渴／忍饥受渴
• 忍饑受餓／忍饥受饿
• 忮忍
• 愛不忍釋／爱不忍释
• 慘不忍睹／惨不忍睹 (cǎnbùrěndǔ)
• 慘不忍聞／惨不忍闻
• 於心不忍／于心不忍
• 於心何忍／于心何忍
• 殘忍／残忍 (cánrěn)
• 氣忍聲吞／气忍声吞
• 濡忍
• 猜忍
• 痛不堪忍
• 百忍
• 目不忍睹
• 目不忍視／目不忍视
• 相忍為國／相忍为国
• 聲吞氣忍／声吞气忍
• 能忍自安
• 落忍
• 隱忍／隐忍 (yǐnrěn)
• 難以忍受／难以忍受

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Japanese

Kanji

忍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. patience, endurance, stamina.

Readings

• Goon: にん (nin, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: じん (jin)
• Kun: しのぶ (shinobu, 忍ぶ, Jōyō); しのばせる (shinobaseru, 忍ばせる, Jōyō)
• Nanori: おし (oshi); しの (shino); しのぶ (shinobu); たう (tau); たふ (tafu)

Compounds

• 忍 (しの)ばせる (shinobaseru)
• 忍 (しの)ぶ (shinobu)
• 忍 (しの)び逢 (あ)い (shinobiai)
• 忍 (しの)び足 (あし) (shinobiashi)
• 忍 (しの)び入 (い)る (shinobiiru)
• 忍 (しの)び難 (がた)い (shinobigatai)
• 忍 (しの)び込 (こ)む (shinobikomu)
• 忍 (しの)び声 (ごえ) (shinobigoe)
• 忍 (しの)び泣 (な)き (shinobinaki)
• 忍 (しの)び泣 (な)く (shinobinaku)
• 忍 (しの)び音 (ね) (shinobine)
• 忍 (しの)びやか (shinobiyaka)
• 忍 (しの)び寄 (よ)る (shinobiyoru)
• 忍 (しの)び笑 (わら)い (shinobiwarai)
• 忍苦 (にんく) (ninku)
• 忍者 (にんじゃ) (ninja)
• 忍従 (にんじゅう) (ninjū)
• 忍術 (にんじゅつ) (ninjutsu)
• 忍耐 (にんたい) (nintai)
• 忍耐強 (にんたいづよ)い (nintaizuyoi)
• 忍耐力 (にんたいりょく) (nintairyoku)
• 忍法 (にんぽう) (ninpō)
• 押忍 (おす) (osu)/押忍 (おっす) (ossu)
• 恋 (こ)い忍 (しの)ぶ (koishinobu)
• 堪 (た)え忍 (しの)ぶ (taeshinobu)
• 耐 (た)え忍 (しの)ぶ (taeshinobu)
• 隠忍 (いんにん) (innin)
• 勘忍 (かんにん) (kannin)
• 堪忍 (かんにん) (kannin)
• 堪忍袋 (かんにんぶくろ) (kanninbukuro)
• 堅忍 (けんにん) (kennin)
• 堅忍不抜 (けんにんふばつ) (kenninfubatsu)
• 残忍 (ざんにん) (zannin)

Proper noun

忍 (hiragana しのぶ, rōmaji Shinobu)

1. A male or female given name
2. A surname​.

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Korean

Hanja

忍 • (in)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 인 (revised: in, McCune-Reischauer: in, Yale: in)
  • Name (hangeul): 참다

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Vietnamese

Han character

忍 (nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.