德

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See also: 徳 and 惪
德 U+5FB7, 德
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FB7
← 徶
[U+5FB6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徸 →
[U+5FB8]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
15 strokes

Han character[edit]

德 (radical 60, 彳+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人十田心 (HOJWP), four-corner 24236, composition ⿰彳𢛳)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 371, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 698, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 841, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+5FB7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 德
alternative forms
 
徳
惪
悳
㥁
恴
徳
惪
悳
㥁
恴
㥀
㤫
𢛳
𢜖
𢠀
𢤊
𨗌
𨗤

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 德
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
德-oracle.svg 德-bronze.svg 德-silk.svg 德-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置 *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植 *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴 *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德 *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直 *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖 *djɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tɯːɡ): semantic 彳 (“road”) + phonetic 惪 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”). 惪 is corrupted into 𢛳.

Etymology[edit]

“virtue; morality; favour”
An allofam is probably 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“Germany”
Shortening of 德意志 (Déyìzhì), derived from German Deutsch.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 多則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tək̚/
Li
Rong 		/tək̚/
Wang
Li 		/tək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		de
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁək/
English virtue

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 德
Reading # 1/1
No. 17266
Phonetic
component 		直
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		德
Old
Chinese 		/*tɯːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

德

  1. virtue; morality; ethics
  2. favor; benevolence; kindness
  3. mind; faith; character
  4. Short for 德國／德国 (Déguó, “Germany”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 德

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

徳

Kyūjitai

德

Kanji[edit]

德

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 徳)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 徳.

Readings[edit]

  • On (unclassified): とく (toku)
  • Kun: おしえ (oshie)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

德 (eumhun 덕 덕 (deok deok))

  1. Hanja form? of 덕 (“benevolence; virtue”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

德: Hán Nôm readings: đức

Noun[edit]

德

  1. Hán tự form of đức (“virtue; righteousness”).

Proper noun[edit]

德

  1. Hán tự form of Đức (“Germany”).

Adjective[edit]

德

  1. Hán tự form of Đức (“German”).
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