直

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直 U+76F4, 直
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4
← 盳
[U+76F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盵 →
[U+76F5]
直 U+FAA8, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8
← 盛
[U+FAA7] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 睊 →
[U+FAA9]
直 U+2F940, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940
← 䀈
[U+2F93F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥃳 →
[U+2F941]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
直-order.gif
Stroke order (Japan)
8 strokes

Alternative forms[edit]

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The older form and stroke order are used in Japan and Korea.

Han character[edit]

Japanese 直
Simplified 直
Traditional 直

直 (radical 109, 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目(JK))

Derived characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 800, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+76F4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 直

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 直
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
直-oracle.svg 直-bronze.svg 直-seal.svg 直-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置 *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植 *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴 *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德 *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直 *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖 *djɯɡ

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.

Etymology[edit]

"simply; only"
According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特 (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).
"straight; right"
According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正 (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正 (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”). An allofam is probably 德 (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“heterosexual”
Semantic loan from English straight.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • ti̍t - vernacular;
    • tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • dig8 - Chaozhou and Shantou;
    • dêg8 - Jieyang.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 直
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sek̚²/
    Nanning /t͡sek̚²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɐk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tik̚⁵/
    /tit̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tɛ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /tik̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdit̚³/
    /t͡sek̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 直
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 職 (134)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 除力切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖɨk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiek̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖik̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhí
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 直
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drik ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-t<r>ək/
    English straight

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 直
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 17269
    Phonetic
    component         		直
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		直
    Old
    Chinese         		/*dɯɡ/
    Notes 金文象目測枉材以取直而會意

    Definitions[edit]

    直

    1. straight; linear; undeviating
      直線 / 直线  ―  zhíxiàn  ―  straight line
      Antonyms: 彎／弯 (wān), 彎曲／弯曲 (wānqū)
    2. to straighten
    3. vertical; upright; erect
    4. honest; fair
    5. straightforward; forthright; frank
    6. directly; straight
      直去  ―  zhíqù  ―  to go directly to
    7. intentionally; deliberately
    8. † only; just
      Synonym: 只 (zhǐ)
    9. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
    10. † Alternative form of 值 (zhí, “to be worth”).
    11. constantly
    12. (slang) straight; heterosexual
      直男  ―  zhínán  ―  heterosexual man
      Antonym: 彎／弯 (wān)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 直

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    直

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. straight

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    直
    じか
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Sound change from jiki.[1]

    This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

    Prefix[edit]

    直(じか) • (jika-)

    1. directly

    Synonyms[edit]

    Related terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    直 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    直

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    直 (trực)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    直

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    直

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