直
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Japanese stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Alternative forms[edit]
Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: simplified does not have a left vertical stroke, while the traditional form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in traditional they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真 and 具. The traditional form and stroke order are used in Japan and Taiwan.
Han character[edit]
| Shinjitai | 直 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 直 |
| Traditional | 直 |
直 (radical 109 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿺𠃊目(JK) or ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GT))
Derived characters[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 800, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
- Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 61, character 7
- Unihan data for U+76F4
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
直 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 直
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 置 | *tɯɡs |
| 值 | *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ |
| 植 | *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 埴 | *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ |
| 惪 | *tɯːɡ |
| 德 | *tɯːɡ |
| 稙 | *tɯɡ |
| 淔 | *tʰɯɡ |
| 直 | *dɯɡ |
| 犆 | *dɯɡ |
| 殖 | *djɯɡ |
Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.
The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zik6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t
- Min Dong (BUC): dĭk
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): zeq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
- Wade-Giles: chih2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: zik6
- Yale: jihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik9
- Guangdong Romanization: jig6
- IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: ciid
- Hagfa Pinyim: cid6
- IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
- IPA (key): /tiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- ti̍t - vernacular;
- tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dig8 / dêg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ti̍k / te̍k
- IPA (key): /tik̚⁴/, /tek̚⁴/
Note:
- dig8 - Chaozhou;
- dêg8 - Jieyang.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zeq (T5)
- IPA (key): /z̻əʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 直 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʃz̩⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sz̩²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sz̩³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sz̩²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡səʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /d͡zei²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi²²/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɨʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰət̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sek̚²/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sek̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sɐk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /tik̚⁵/ /tit̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tiʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /tik̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdit̚³/ /t͡sek̚⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 直 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 除力切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɖɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɖɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȡiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖik̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȡiək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȡĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȡʱi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zhí |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 直 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zhí |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ drik › |
| Old Chinese |
/*N-t<r>ək/ |
| English | straight |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 直 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 17269 |
| Phonetic component |
直 |
| Rime group |
職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
直 |
| Old Chinese |
/*dɯɡ/ |
| Notes | 金文象目測枉材以取直而會意 |
Definitions[edit]
直
- straight; linear; undeviating
- to straighten
- vertical; upright; erect
- honest; fair
- straightforward; forthright; frank
- directly; straight
-
直去 ― zhíqù ― to go directly to
-
- intentionally; deliberately
- † Alternative form of 只 (zhǐ, “only”).
- (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
- † Alternative form of 值 (zhí, “to be worth”).
-
- 今有布一匹，價直一百二十五。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- 今有布一匹，价直一百二十五。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- From: 《九章算術》 (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), 衰分 (Proportional distribution)
-
- Jīn yǒu bù yī pǐ, jiàzhí yībǎi èrshíwǔ. [Pinyin]
- Now there exists one piece of cloth; its value is worth one hundred twenty-five.
-
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 直
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
直
Readings[edit]
- Goon: じき (jiki, Jōyō)←ぢき (diki, historical)
- Kan’on: ちょく (choku, Jōyō)
- Kun: ただちに (tadachini, 直ちに, Jōyō); なおす (naosu, 直す, Jōyō)←なほす (nafosu, historical); なおる (naoru, 直る, Jōyō)←なほる (naforu, historical); あたい (atai, 直)←あたひ (atafi, historical); じかに (jikani, 直に)←ぢかに (dikani, historical); すぐ (sugu, 直ぐ); なおき (naoki, 直き)←なほき (nafoki, historical)
- Nanori: すぐ (sugu); なおい (naoi); のう (nō); のお (nō)
Compounds[edit]
- 直径 (chokkei, “diameter”)
- 直角三角形 (chokkakusankakkei, “right triangle”)
- 直流 (chokuryū, “direct current”)
- 直感 (chokkan, “intuition”)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
直 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune-Reischauer chik, Yale cik)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Categories:
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading なお-す
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なほ-す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading なお-る
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なほ-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あたい-
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あたひ-
- Japanese kanji with kun reading じか-に
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading ぢか-に
- Japanese kanji with kun reading す-ぐ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading なお-き
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なほ-き
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ちょく
- Japanese kanji with goon reading じき
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぢき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading すぐ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なおい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のお
- Korean lemmas
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