直

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直 U+76F4, 直
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4
← 盳
[U+76F3]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 盵 →
[U+76F5]
直 U+FAA8, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8
← 盛
[U+FAA7]		 CJK Compatibility Ideographs 睊 →
[U+FAA9]
直 U+2F940, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940
← 䀈
[U+2F93F]		 CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥃳 →
[U+2F941]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
直-order.gif
Japanese stroke order
直-jbw.png

Alternative forms[edit]

Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: simplified does not have a left vertical stroke, while the traditional form has a left vertical stroke; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in traditional they are separated – this last difference is shared with the related character 真 and the unrelated character 具. The traditional form and stroke order are used in Japan and Taiwan.

Han character[edit]

Shinjitai 直
Simplified 直
Traditional 直

直 (radical 109 目+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十⿺𠃊目(JK) or ⿱十⿴𠀃三(GT))

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 800, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 61, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+76F4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 直

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 直
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
直-oracle.svg 直-bronze.svg 直-bigseal.svg 直-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置 *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植 *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴 *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德 *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直 *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖 *djɯɡ

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 目 (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script. The top component has been relatively unstable, taking on other shapes such as 匕 – compare 眞, and different forms of 真.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • ti̍t - vernacular;
    • tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dig8 - Chaozhou;
  • dêg8 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 直
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sek̚²/
Nanning /t͡sek̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tik̚⁵/
/tit̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /tik̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdit̚³/
/t͡sek̚⁵/
Rime
Character 直
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 除力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɖɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖik̚/
Li
Rong		 /ȡiək̚/
Wang
Li		 /ȡĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȡʱi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhí
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 直
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ drik ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N-t<r>ək/
English straight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 直
Reading # 1/1
No. 17269
Phonetic
component		 直
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 直
Old
Chinese		 /*dɯɡ/
Notes 金文象目測枉材以取直而會意

Definitions[edit]

直

  1. straight; linear; undeviating
  2. to straighten
  3. vertical; upright; erect
  4. honest; fair
  5. straightforward; forthright; frank
  6. directly; straight
    直去  ―  zhíqù  ―  to go directly to
  7. intentionally; deliberately
  8. † Alternative form of 只 (zhǐ, “only”).
  9. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
  10. † Alternative form of 值 (zhí, “to be worth”).

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 直

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
直

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. straight

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

直 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune-Reischauer chik, Yale cik)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

直 (trực, chực, sực)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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