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U+76F4, 直
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4

[U+76F3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+76F5]

U+FAA8, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8

[U+FAA7]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FAA9]
直 U+2F940, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940
䀈
[U+2F93F]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥃳
[U+2F941]

Translingual

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Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)
Stroke order (Japan)
8 strokes

Alternative forms

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Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form does; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters and . The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan and South Korea but an alternative writing in other countries.

Han character

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

(Kangxi radical 109, +3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十月一一 (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition 𠀃(GH) or 𠂇𠀃(TV) or 𠂇𠃊(JK))

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+76F4

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𰅰
alternative forms old
⿱十且 1981

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (eye) + (vertical stroke) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead. Then, a black dot was drawn inside the vertical stroke and this point later became a horizontal stroke (hence getting a shape similar to ).

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目 shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.

A conservative version is used inside the character 𢛳 (> ), while the modern version is used inside its variant . Unrelated to and .

Etymology

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"simply; only"
According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (one).
"straight; right"
According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (good; very; real; straight), which also includes (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, certainly), Mizo dik (correct), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (truly; very; intensitive), whence Burmese တက်တက် (taktak, very, completely) and Burmese တျက်တျက် (tyaktyak, almost, quite). An allofam is probably (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“heterosexual”
Semantic loan from English straight.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • ti̍t - vernacular (“straight; straightforward; simple and frank; constantly; settled; a simple kind of board game”);
    • tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dig8 - Chaozhou and Shantou;
  • dêg8 - Jieyang.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sek̚²/
Nanning /t͡sek̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚⁵/
/tit̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tik̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdit̚³/
/t͡sek̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (11)
Final () (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter drik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖik̚/
Li
Rong
/ȡiək̚/
Wang
Li
/ȡĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhí
Middle
Chinese
‹ drik ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-t<r>ək/
English straight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17269
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*dɯɡ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. straight; linear; undeviating
    Antonyms: (wān), 彎曲弯曲 (wānqū), (Cantonese)
    线  ―  zhíxiàn  ―  straight line
  2. to straighten
    後面 [MSC, trad.]
    后面 [MSC, simp.]
    zhí qǐ yāo lái, shǒu bèi zài hòumiàn. [Pinyin]
    He straightened up, hands on his back.
  3. vertical; upright; erect; perpendicular
    大堂 [MSC, trad.]
    大堂 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge dàtáng zhí lǐ yǒu bā mǐ, héng lǐ yǒu shí mǐ. [Pinyin]
    This hall is 8 meters in length and 10 meters in width.
  4. honest; fair; just; upright
      ―  zhèngzhí  ―  upright
  5. straightforward; forthright; frank
      ―  zhíshuō  ―  to speak directly
  6. directly; straight
      ―  zhí  ―  to go directly to
  7. stiff; numb
    今天雙手 [MSC, trad.]
    今天双手 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīntiān tài lěng le, shuāngshǒu dòng zhí le. [Pinyin]
    Today's so cold, my two hands are frozen numb.
  8. constantly; continuously
    哆嗦哆嗦  ―  Tā qì de zhí duōsuō.  ―  He continuously trembled with rage.
    [Hokkien]  ―  ti̍t-ti̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  continuously
  9. simply; just; only
    Synonym:
      ―  jiǎnzhí  ―  simply; utterly
    渾身 [MSC, trad.]
    浑身 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā húnshēn tòng dé zhí xiàng bèi rén zòu le yī dùn. [Pinyin]
    His whole body hurt just like he's taken a beating.
  10. (Hokkien) simple and frank; without scruples or misgivings (in one's temperament, speech, or actions)
  11. (Hokkien) settled; clear; brought to an end
    猶未 [Hokkien, trad.]
    犹未 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí chit tiâu siàu iáu-bē ti̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This account of yours hasn't been settled yet.
  12. (Mainland China Hokkien) a simple kind of board game similar to Go
  13. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
  14. (slang) straight; heterosexual
    Antonyms: (wān), (Cantonese)
      ―  shùnzhí  ―  cishet
  15. (historical) Short for 直隸直隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”).
    軍閥军阀  ―  Zhí xì jūnfá  ―  the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)
    戰爭战争  ―  Zhí Wǎn zhànzhēng  ―  Zhili–Anhui War
  16. Alternative form of (to be worth)
  17. (Cantonese, slang, figurative) dead
  18. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Old Turkic: tik (vertical, straight, straightforward)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. straight

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
じき
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Adjective

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(じき) (jikiぢき (diki)?-na (adnominal (じき) (jiki na), adverbial (じき) (jiki ni))

  1. soon, shortly
  2. nearby, close

Inflection

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Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
じか
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Sound change from jiki.[1]

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Prefix

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(じか) (jika-

  1. directly
    Synonym: 直接 (chokusetsu)
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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
なお
[adjective] common, ordinary, straight
[adverb] normally, usually
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ちょく
Grade: 2
kan'on

Adjective

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(ちょく) (choku-tari (adnominal (ちょく)とした (choku to shita) or (ちょく)たる (choku taru), adverbial (ちょく) (choku to) or (ちょく)として (choku to shite))

  1. direct, straight, frank

Adjective

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(ちょく) (choku-na (adnominal (ちょく) (choku na), adverbial (ちょく) (choku ni))

  1. sincere, straightforward, proper, frank
  2. simple, not extravagant, not expensive, less formal
    Synonyms: 安直 (anchoku), 手軽 (tegaru), 安価 (anka)

Verb

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(ちょく)する (choku surusuru (stem (ちょく) (choku shi), past (ちょく)した (choku shita))

  1. to do one's duty, be on duty
Conjugation
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 곧을 (godeul jik))

  1. hanja form? of (straight)

Miyako

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: trực

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)