像

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See also: 象
像 U+50CF, 像
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50CF
← 僎
[U+50CE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 僐 →
[U+50D0]

像 U+2F80B, 像
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80B
← 僧
[U+2F80A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 㒞 →
[U+2F80C]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character[edit]

像 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11 in Chinese, 人+12 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人弓日人 (ONAO), four-corner 27232, composition ⿰亻象)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 116, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1084
  • Dae Jaweon: page 247, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 213, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+50CF

Chinese[edit]

trad. 像
simp. # 像
2nd round simp. 𰁼

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 像
Warring States
Chu slip and silk script
Small seal script

s05896

Transcribed ancient scripts

L35060

L17399

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (象) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潒 *l'aːŋʔ, *ljaŋʔ
像 *ljaŋʔ
象 *ljaŋʔ
橡 *ljaŋʔ
蟓 *ljaŋʔ, *hljaŋs
襐 *ljaŋʔ
勨 *ljaŋʔ, *laŋʔ
鱌 *ljaŋʔ
嶑 *ljaŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljaŋʔ): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 象 (OC *ljaŋʔ, “elephant; image”).

Etymology[edit]

Traditionally thought to be the same word as Old Chinese 象 (*ljaŋʔ, “elephant”) (Han Feizi[1], Karlgren, 1957).

Schuessler (2007) posits that Old Chinese *z- and *s-l- / *s-j- might have merged in Zuo Zhuan and thinks Old Chinese 像 (*ljaŋʔ, “image”) possibly derives from Sino-Tibetan root *la, making it cognate with Tibetan ལད་མོ (lad mo, “imitation, to imitate, mimic”) & ལྷ (lha, “gods, image of a deity”) (however, see there for other etymology), Lepcha ᰗᰰ (klan, “similar”) & ᰗᰰᰜᰶ (klan-lă, “imitation”), Jingpho [script needed] (sum³¹-la³³, “picture, image”) & [script needed] (num³¹-la³³, “ghost”). Geilich (1994) adds Tibetan ལྡེམ (ldem, “statue, idol”) yet connects the Tibeto-Burman items to Old Chinese 似 (*ljɯʔ).

Doublet of 佯 (yáng, “to feign”) and 樣／样 (yàng, “appearance”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chhiūⁿ/chhiǔⁿ/chhiōⁿ - vernacular;
  • siōng/siǒng/siāng - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siang6 / ciên6 / cion6 / siên3 / sion3
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siăng / tshiĕⁿ / tshiŏⁿ / sièⁿ / siòⁿ
    • Sinological IPA (key): /siaŋ³⁵/, /t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵/, /t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/, /sĩẽ²¹³/, /sĩõ²¹³/
Note:
  • siang6 - literary;
  • ciên6/cion6/siên3/sion3 - vernacular (ciên6/siên3 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: sian4 / sian5 / cian5
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /siæn⁴⁵/, /siæn²¹/, /t͡sʰiæn²¹/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕiæn⁴⁵/, /ɕiæn²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiæn²¹/
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 像
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /siaŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /siaŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /ɕiɔ̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ɕiaŋ³⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰiaŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰiaŋ¹³/
    /ɕiaŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²¹³/ 不～他
    /ɕiaŋ²¹³/ ～片
    Kunming /ɕiã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /siaŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ɕiɑ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /ɕyə³⁵/ 相像
    Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ʑiã²³/
    Suzhou /ziã³¹/
    Hangzhou /d͡ʑiɑŋ¹³/
    Wenzhou /ji³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰia³⁵/
    /t͡sʰia²²/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰiau²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /sian⁵⁵/
    /sian¹¹/
    /t͡sian¹¹/
    Xiangtan /d͡zian²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰioŋ⁵³/
    Taoyuan /sioŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sœŋ²²/
    Nanning /t͡sœŋ²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡sœŋ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔŋ²²/
    /t͡sʰiũ²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰuɔŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /siɔŋ³³/
    /siɔŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰiõ³⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /siaŋ³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 像
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 徐兩切
    Baxter zjangX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/zɨɐŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ziɐŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ziɑŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zɨaŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ziaŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭaŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯aŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zoeng6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 像
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjangX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s.[d]aŋʔ/
    English image; resemble

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 像
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 13663
    Phonetic
    component         		象
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		像
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ljaŋʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    像

    1. picture; image; photograph; figure
    2. statue; figure; sculpture
    3. to resemble; to be like
    4. (mathematics) image (of a function)

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (photograph):
    Dialectal synonyms of 照片 (“photograph”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 照片, 相片
    Mandarin Beijing 相片兒
    Taiwan 相片
    Jinan 相片, 照片, 相片兒, 照片兒
    Luoyang 相片兒
    Wanrong 相片兒
    Xi'an 相片兒
    Ürümqi 相片子
    Wuhan 相片子, 相片, 相
    Chengdu 相片
    Guilin 相片
    Yangzhou 照片, 小照
    Hefei 相片
    Singapore 照片
    Dagudi (Maliba) 相片
    Reshuitang (Longling) 相片
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 相片
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 相片
    Cantonese Guangzhou 相片, 相
    Hong Kong 相
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 相
    Taishan 相
    Taishan (Guanghai) 相片, 相
    Kaiping (Chikan) 相
    Yangjiang 相
    Rongxian 相片
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 相片
    Hepu (Shatian) 相片
    Beihai 相片
    Beihai (Nankang) 相片
    Beihai (Yingpan) 相片
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 相片
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 相片
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 相片
    Ipoh (Guangfu) 相
    Singapore (Guangfu) 相片, 相
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 相片
    Móng Cái 相片
    Mandalay (Taishan) 相片
    Bangkok (Guangfu) 相片
    Betong (Rongxian) 相片
    Gan Nanchang 相片, 相片子
    Hakka Meixian 相片
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 相片, 寫真
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 相片, 寫真
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 相片, 寫真
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 相片, 寫真
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 相片, 寫真
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 相片, 寫真, 寫真相
    Hong Kong 相片
    Jin Taiyuan 相片子, 照相片
    Min Bei Jian'ou 相, 相片
    Min Dong Fuzhou 相, 相片
    Matsu 相片
    Min Nan Xiamen 像片, 相, 小影
    Quanzhou 像片
    Zhangzhou 影
    Taipei 相片, 寫真
    Penang (Hokkien) 小影
    Singapore (Hokkien) 像
    Manila (Hokkien) 像
    Chaozhou 相
    Shantou 相片, 相
    Jieyang 小影, 相, 相片
    Bangkok (Teochew) 相片
    Chiang Mai (Teochew) 相
    Hat Yai (Teochew) 小影, 相片
    Singapore (Teochew) 像
    Pontianak (Teochew) 相
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 相
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 相片
    Wu Shanghai 照相, 照片, 寫真
    Suzhou 照, 照片
    Wenzhou 照相
    Xiang Changsha 相片子, 相片, 相
    Shuangfeng 相片子, 相片
    • (to be like):
    Dialectal synonyms of 像 (“to be like; to be similar to; to resemble”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 似
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 像
    Mandarin Taiwan 像
    Yantai (Muping) 像
    Wanrong 像
    Wuhan 像
    Chengdu 像
    Guilin 像
    Malaysia 像
    Singapore 像
    Cantonese Guangzhou 似
    Hong Kong 似
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 似
    Singapore (Guangfu) 似
    Gan Nanchang 像
    Lichuan 像
    Jin Taiyuan 像
    Min Dong Fuzhou 像
    Min Nan Xiamen 像
    Taipei 像
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 像
    Kaohsiung 像
    Yilan 像
    Changhua (Lukang) 像
    Taichung 像
    Tainan 像
    Hsinchu 像
    Kinmen 像
    Penghu (Magong) 像
    Singapore (Hokkien) 𫝛, macam
    Chaozhou 然
    Shantou 然
    Jieyang 然
    Singapore (Teochew) 然, macam
    Batam (Teochew) 然, macam
    Haikou 像
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 像
    Wu Danyang 像
    Ningbo 像, 像人家, 像家

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 像
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    像󠄃
    像+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    像

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    像(ぞう) • (zō) ←ざう (zau)?

    1. a form of a thing, including god; a figure; a statue; an idol
    2. an image, a vision
      社(しゃ)会(かい)像(ぞう)
      shakaizō
      a vision of the society

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 199 (paper), page 149 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ^ 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    像 (eumhun 형상 상 (hyeongsang sang))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    像

    Han character[edit]

    像: Hán Việt readings: tượng[1], tương[1]
    像: Nôm readings: tượng[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of tương (“to resemble; to be like”).
    2. chữ Hán form of tượng (“a figure; a statue; an idol; an image”).

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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