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僧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
僧 U+50E7, 僧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50E7
← 僦
[U+50E6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 僨 →
[U+50E8]

僧 U+FA31, 僧
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA31
← 侮
[U+FA30] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 免 →
[U+FA32]

僧 U+2F80A, 僧
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80A
← 備
[U+2F809] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 像 →
[U+2F80B]

Translingual

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Japanese 僧
Simplified 僧
Traditional 僧

Alternative forms

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Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽. Both forms are encoded under the same codepoint due to Han unification.

Han character

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僧 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12 in Chinese, 人+11 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 人金田日 (OCWA), four-corner 28266, composition ⿰亻曾 (GTKV) or ⿰亻曽 (J))

Derived characters

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[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 117, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1076
  • Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 222, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+50E7

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 僧

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 僧
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s05925
Transcribed ancient scripts
L11518
L11519
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潧 *ʔsrɯn
繒 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
增 *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs
憎 *ʔsɯːŋ
磳 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
曾 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ
矰 *ʔsɯːŋ
罾 *ʔsɯːŋ
熷 *ʔsɯːŋ
竲 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
橧 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
譄 *ʔsɯːŋ
蹭 *sʰɯːŋs
層 *zɯːŋ
贈 *zɯːŋs
僧 *sɯːŋ
鬙 *sɯːŋ
甑 *ʔsɯŋs
鄫 *zɯŋ
驓 *zɯŋ
嶒 *zɯŋ
噌 *sʰɯːŋ
鏳 *zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sɯːŋ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).

Etymology

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Clipping of 僧伽 (MC song gja, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sang1 - literary;
  • zang1 - vernacular.
Note:
  • chng, cheng - vernacular;
  • sng, seng - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 僧
Mandarin Beijing /səŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /səŋ²¹/
Jinan /səŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /səŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /səŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /səŋ²¹/
Xining /sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /sə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /sə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sən³¹/
Hefei /sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /səŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sən³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡siŋ⁵⁵/ 俗
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/
/saiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡seŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sɔŋ³³/
/t͡seŋ³³/
Rime
Character 僧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇增切
Baxter song
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/səŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/səŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/səŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/səŋ/
Li
Rong 		/səŋ/
Wang
Li 		/səŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/səŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sang1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 僧
Reading # 1/1
No. 16628
Phonetic
component 		曾
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		僧
Old
Chinese 		/*sɯːŋ/
Notes 梵譯僧伽saṁɡha省稱

Definitions

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僧

  1. (Buddhism) monk; bonze
  2. (Buddhism) sangha
  3. (Church of the East, historical) priest
  4. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 和尚 (“Buddhist monk”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和尚, 比丘, 僧, 僧人, 僧侶, 禪師 honorific
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 和尚
Taiwan 和尚
Chengde 和尚
Chifeng 和尚
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 和尚
Heihe 和尚
Qiqihar 和尚
Harbin 和尚
Jiamusi 和尚
Baicheng 和尚
Changchun 和尚
Tonghua 和尚
Shenyang 和尚
Jinzhou 和尚
Singapore 和尚, 師父
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 和尚
Tangshan 和尚
Cangzhou 和尚
Baoding 和尚
Shijiazhuang 和尚
Lijin 和尚
Jinan 和尚, 僧人
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 和尚
Dandong 和尚
Yantai 和尚
Yantai (Muping) 和尚
Qingdao 和尚
Zhucheng 和尚
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 和尚
Lingbao 和尚
Jining 和尚
Wanrong 和尚
Linfen 和尚
Shangqiu 和尚
Yuanyang 和尚
Zhengzhou 和尚
Xinyang 和尚
Baihe 和尚
Xi'an 和尚
Baoji 和尚
Tianshui 和尚
Xining 和尚
Dunhuang (Hedong dialect) 和尚
Xuzhou 和尚
Fuyang 和尚
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 和尚
Lanzhou 和尚
Hami 和尚
Ürümqi 和尚
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 和尚
Nanchong 和尚
Dazhou 和尚
Hanyuan 和尚
Xichang 和尚
Zigong 和尚
Chongqing 和尚
Wuhan 和尚
Yichang 和尚
Xiangyang 和尚
Tianmen 和尚
Guiyang 和尚, 師父
Zunyi 和尚
Bijie 和尚
Liping 和尚
Zhaotong 和尚
Dali 和尚
Kunming 和尚
Mengzi 和尚
Guilin 和尚
Guilin (Lingui) 和尚
Liuzhou 和尚, 師父
Liuzhou (Luorong) 和尚
Nanning (Wuming) 和尚
Jishou 和尚
Changde 和尚
Hanzhong 和尚
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 和尚
Yangzhou 和尚
Lianyungang 和尚
Lianshui 和尚
Nantong 和尚
Anqing 和尚
Wuhu 和尚
Hefei 和尚
Hong'an 和尚
Cantonese Guangzhou 和尚
Hong Kong 和尚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 和尚
Macau 和尚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 和尚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 和尚
Guangzhou (Conghua) 和尚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 和尚
Foshan 和尚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 和尚
Foshan (Shunde) 和尚
Foshan (Sanshui) 和尚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 和尚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 和尚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 和尚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 和尚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 和尚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 和尚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 和尚
Taishan 和尚
Kaiping (Chikan) 和尚
Enping (Niujiang) 和尚
Heshan (Yayao) 和尚
Dongguan 和尚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 和尚
Qingyuan 和尚
Fogang 和尚
Yingde (Hanguang) 和尚
Yangshan 和尚
Lianshan (Butian) 和尚
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 和尚
Shaoguan 和尚
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 和尚
Renhua 和尚
Lechang 和尚
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 和尚
Sihui 和尚
Guangning 和尚
Deqing 和尚
Huaiji 和尚
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 和尚
Yunfu 和尚
Xinxing 和尚
Luoding 和尚
Yunan (Pingtai) 和尚
Xinyi 和尚
Lianjiang 和尚
Nanning 和尚
Wuzhou 和尚
Yulin 和尚
Hepu (Lianzhou) 和尚
Guiping 和尚
Mengshan (Xihe) 和尚
Guigang (Nanjiang) 和尚
Beiliu (Tangliao) 和尚
Baise 和尚
Bobai 和尚
Lingshan 和尚
Pubei 和尚
Qinzhou 和尚
Beihai 和尚
Ningming 和尚
Hengzhou 和尚
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 和尚
Gan Nanchang 和尚
Pengze 和尚
Lichuan 和尚
Pingxiang 和尚
Hakka Meixian 和尚, 齋公
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 和尚
Dongguan (Qingxi) 和尚
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 和尚
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 和尚
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 和尚
Yudu 和尚
Ruijin 和尚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 和尚, 齋公仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 和尚, 齋牯, 齋公
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 和尚, 齋公仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 和尚, 齋公
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 和尚, 齋公仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和尚
Luchuan (Daqiao) 和尚
Beiliu (Tang'an) 和尚
Mashan (Pianlian) 師父
Huizhou Jixi 和尚
Shexian 和尚
Jin Taiyuan 和尚
Pingyao 和尚
Yangyuan 和尚
Datong 和尚
Xinzhou 和尚
Lüliang (Lishi) 和尚
Changzhi 和尚
Linhe 和尚
Jining 和尚
Hohhot 和尚
Erenhot 和尚
Pingshan 和尚
Zhangjiakou 和尚
Handan 和尚
Linzhou 和尚
Suide 和尚
Northern Min Jian'ou 道老
Songxi 長老
Zhenghe 長老
Jianyang 長老
Wuyishan 長老
Pucheng (Shibei) 長老
Eastern Min Fuzhou 和尚
Fuqing 和尚, 仙師
Southern Min Xiamen 和尚
Quanzhou 和尚
Zhangzhou 和尚
Taipei 和尚
New Taipei (Sanxia) 和尚
Kaohsiung 和尚
Yilan 和尚
Changhua (Lukang) 和尚
Taichung 和尚
Tainan 和尚
Hsinchu 和尚
Kinmen 和尚
Penghu (Magong) 和尚
Penang (Hokkien) 和尚
Manila (Hokkien) 和尚
Zhangping (Yongfu) 和尚
Datian 和尚
Shunchang (Pushang) 和尚
Pingnan (Shangdu) 和尚
Chaozhou 和尚
Shantou 師父
Shantou (Chenghai) 師父
Jieyang 和尚
Leizhou 和尚
Haikou 和尚
Puxian Min Putian 和尚
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 和尚
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 和尚
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 和尚
Xianyou 和尚
Xianyou (Fengting) 和尚
Xianyou (Youyang) 和尚
Central Min Yong'an 和尚, 長老
Sanming (Sanyuan) 長老
Sanming (Shaxian) 和尚
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 和尚
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 和尚
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 和尚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 和尚
Nanning (Shajing) 和尚
Binyang (Xinqiao) 和尚
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 和尚
Guilin (Chaoyang) 和尚
Guilin (Zhuyuan) 和尚
Lingchuan (Tanxia) 和尚
Wu Shanghai 和尚
Shanghai (Songjiang) 和尚
Shanghai (Jiading) 和尚
Shanghai (Chongming) 和尚
Suzhou 和尚
Danyang 和尚
Hangzhou 和尚
Ningbo 和尚
Wenzhou 和尚
Jinhua 和尚
Xiang Changsha 和尚
Loudi 齋公
Quanzhou 和尚
Guanyang (Wenshi) 和尚

Compounds

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References

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  • “僧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “僧”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 203.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 僧
Kyūjitai
[1]
僧
僧
or
僧+︀?
僧󠄁
僧+󠄁?
(Adobe-Japan1)
僧󠄅
僧+󠄅?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Glyph origin

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Japanese shinjitai form: 僧 (曾 → 曽).

Kanji

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僧

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僧)

  1. Buddhist priest
  2. monk

Readings

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  • Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ぼうず (bōzu, 僧)


Compounds

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Etymology

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Clipping of 僧伽 (sōgya), borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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僧(そう) • (sō) 

  1. (Buddhism) priest, bonze

References

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  1. ^ “僧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 僧 (MC song).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 쥬ᇰ〯 (Yale: cywǔng) 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng)
Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

僧 (eumhun 중 승 (jung seung))

  1. hanja form? of 승 (“a Buddhist monk”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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僧: Hán Việt readings: tăng (蘇(tô)增(tăng)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

  1. chữ Hán form of tăng (“monk”)

References

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  1. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Bonet (1899).
  6. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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