省

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省 U+7701, 省
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7701
← 眀
[U+7700] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 眂 →
[U+7702]
省 U+F96D, 省
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96D
← 塞
[U+F96C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 葉 →
[U+F96E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

省 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火竹月山 (FHBU), four-corner 90602, composition ⿱少目)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 802, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23179
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1218, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2473, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7701

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 省
alternative forms
 
𥅱
𥄾
眚
䁞
𡮀
𥅱
𥄾
眚
䁞
𡮀
𡨽

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 省
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
省-bronze.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (省) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
省 *sreŋʔ, *sleŋʔ
渻 *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
箵 *sleːŋʔ

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • sén - “province”;
  • sáng - “to save”.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • sēng - literary (“province; to reduce”);
    • sāng - vernacular (“to save; to reduce”).
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • Zhangzhou:
      • séng - literary;
      • séⁿ - vernacular.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 省
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 生 (21)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 所景切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʃˠiæŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʃᵚiaŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʃiaŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʂiajŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʃiɐŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʃĭɐŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʂi̯ɐŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shěng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sang2
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 省
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11384
    Phonetic
    component         		省
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		省
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sreŋʔ/
    Notes 甲金文生省聲

    Definitions[edit]

    省

    1. to omit; to leave out
    2. to reduce, to simplify
    3. (colloquial, by extension) to have less strange, potentially genius but generally lousy ideas for the sake of others to save worry
      你還是省省吧。 / 你还是省省吧。  ―  Nǐ háishì shěng shěng ba.  ―  You'd better give it up.
    4. to save, to economize
      省電 / 省电  ―  shěngdiàn  ―  to conserve electricity
      省錢 / 省钱  ―  shěngqián  ―  to save money
    5. † palace
    6. ⁜ (historical, by extension) department (of a government)
      中書省 / 中书省  ―  Zhōngshūshěng  ―  the Secretariat
    7. province; (originally) Short for 行省 (xíngshěng). (Classifier: 個／个)
      福建省  ―  Fújiàn Shěng  ―  Fujian Province
    8. A surname​.
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 省 (“to save; to economize”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 省
    Mandarin Taiwan 省
    Guilin 省
    Singapore 省
    Cantonese Guangzhou 慳
    Hong Kong 慳
    Taishan 慳
    Singapore (Guangfu) 慳
    Hakka Meixian 省
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 慳
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 省
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 省
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 省
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 省
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 省
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 省
    Min Nan Taipei 省 GT
    Penang (Hokkien) 省
    Singapore (Hokkien) 省, 儉
    Manila (Hokkien) 省
    Chaozhou 儉
    Shantou 儉, 省
    Jieyang 儉
    Haifeng 儉
    Singapore (Teochew) 儉
    Pontianak (Teochew) 儉
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
    Usage notes[edit]
    • Historically used as a suffix for many foreign major administrative divisions (states of the US, etc.), such usage is now generally obsolete (outside of fossilized instances like 麻省 (“Massachusetts”)) and replaced with 州 (zhōu, “state”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 省

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (省):
    • → Japanese: 省(しょう) (shō)
    • → Korean: 성 (省, seong)
    • → Vietnamese: tỉnh (省)

    Others:

    See also[edit]

    • 縣／县 (xiàn, “Japanese prefecture”)
    • 州 (zhōu, “state”)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 省
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息井切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siᴇŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɛŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/siæŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/siajŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/siɛŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭɛŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ɛŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xǐng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sing2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 省
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xǐng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sjengX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]eŋʔ/
    English inspect

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 省
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11386
    Phonetic
    component         		省
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		省
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sleŋʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    省

    1. to examine; to inspect
    2. to greet; to visit
    3. to understand; to comprehend

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 省

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    省

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. government ministry
    2. Chinese province

    Readings[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    省(しょう) • (shō-) 

    1. saving, conservation

    Suffix[edit]

    省(しょう) • (-shō) 

    1. ministry

    Noun[edit]

    省(しょう) • (shō) 

    1. ministry, government department, office
      法務省(ほうむしょう)
      hōmu shō
      Ministry of Justice
    2. Chinese province
      広東省(カントンしょう)
      kanton shō
      Guangdong Province

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 省 (MC siᴇŋX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇰ〯 (Yale: syěng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩 Recorded as Middle Korean 셩 (syeng) (Yale: syeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
    Early Modern Korean
    Text Final (韻) Reading
    Samun Seonghwi, 1751 ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 셩 (Yale: syeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    省 (eumhun 살필 성 (salpil seong))

    1. Hanja form? of 성 (“to examine; to inspect”).
    2. Hanja form? of 성 (“Chinese province”).
    3. Hanja form? of 성 (“ministry; department”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 省 (MC ʃˠiæŋX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: sǒyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 조릴 ᄉᆡᆼ Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (soyng) (Yale: soyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
    Early Modern Korean
    Text Final (韻) Reading
    Samun Seonghwi, 1751 덜 ᄉᆡᆼ Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (Yale: soyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    省 (eumhun 덜 생 (deol saeng))

    1. Hanja form? of 생 (“to reduce; to omit”).
    2. Hanja form? of 생 (“saving; conservation”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    省: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh, xển, xỉnh, xĩnh, tểnh, tễnh

    Definitions[edit]

    省

    1. one of the highest administrative divisions in Vietnam, translates to English province, opposed to a thành phố trực thuộc trung ương; itself is divided into its tỉnh lị/thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh (“provincial capital”) and huyện (“suburban district”)
      tỉnh lẻ ― provinces, as places that are not as developed as thành phố trực thuộc trung ương and therefore more humbling
      dân tỉnh lẻ ― "small town" folks
      tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc ― Vĩnh Phúc Province
      lệnh của tỉnh đưa về xã ― a decree handed down to the commune from the province
      Họ Hồ có nguồn gốc từ làng Quỳnh Đôi, xã Quỳnh Đôi, huyện Quỳnh Đôi, tỉnh Nghệ An.
      The Hồ clan hails from Quỳnh Đôi village, Quỳnh Đôi commune, Quỳnh Đôi district, Nghệ An province.
    2. an administrative division that translates to English province in other countries
      tỉnh Hồ Bắc ― Hubei Province
    3. an administrative division that translates to English prefecture, for example in French or Japanese territories
      tỉnh Gifu ― Gifu Prefecture
    4. (metonymically) provincial capital
      lên tỉnh mua hàng ― going into town to buy goods
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