首
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
首 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻 or ⿱䒑自)
- Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.
Derived characters[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 1427, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
- Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4500, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9996
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
首 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𩠐 𦣻 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 首 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”) and possibly Burmese ရှု (hru., “to turn one's head toward, to view; to aim”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
首
- (archaic, anatomy) head
- 愛而不見，搔首踟躕。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Ài ér bù jiàn, sāo shǒu chíchú. [Pinyin]
- Loving and not seeing her, I scratch my head, and am in perplexity.
爱而不见，搔首踟蹰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- chief; leader
- start; beginning
- first; best; highest
- prime; prior; primary
- side; direction
- Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 首 (“(classifier for songs)”) [map]
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
首
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 首
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References[edit]
- “首”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
首
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
- Kun: くび (kubi, 首, Jōyō); おびと (obito, 首); こうべ (kōbe, 首); しるし (shirushi, 首); つかさ (tsukasa, 首); かしら (kashira, 首); はじめ (hajime, 首め); もうす (mōsu, 首す)
- Nanori: おびと (obito); こべ (kobe); す (su)
Compounds[edit]
- 機首 (kishu)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 首 |
| くび Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 頸 頚 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kunpi.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
- the neck and head as a whole
- dismissal from employment
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 首 |
| おびと Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Shift from Old Japanese 大人 (opobito, “boss, chief”, literally “big person”).[2][3]
/opobito/ → /obito/
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
See also[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 首 |
| こうべ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Analyzed as a shift from earlier kamipe, as a compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).[2][3]
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/
Noun[edit]
- Alternative spelling of 頭 (“head”) (part of the body)
- 2021 September 10, Eve (lyrics and music), “遊生夢死 [Live Playing, Die Dreaming]”:
- 遊生夢死
才能ない脳内 唱えよシスターズ
首を垂れることしかないの- Yūsei bōshi
Sainō nai nōnai tonaeyo shisutāzu
Kōbe o tareru koto shika nai no - Live playing, die dreaming
Chant inside my talentless brain, sisters
All I can do is bow down
- Yūsei bōshi
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 首 |
| しゅ Grade: 2 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC ɕɨuX, ɕɨuH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Counter[edit]
Noun[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC ɕɨuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (syú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading しるし
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つかさ
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ-め
- Japanese kanji with kun reading もう-す
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading す
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as くび
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