叩首

Chinese

		knock	head; chief; first (occasion) head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems
simp. and trad. (叩首)		叩	首

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kòushǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ ㄕㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³ sau²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khieu-sú

  (Hailu, HRS): kieu^ˇ shiu^ˊ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiò-siú

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kòushǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kòushǒu
    • Wade–Giles: kʻou⁴-shou³
    • Yale: kòu-shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kowshoou
    • Palladius: коушоу (koušou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau³ sau²
    • Yale: kau sáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³ sau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³ seo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³ sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu-sú
    • Hakka Romanization System: kieu su^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴ su³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵ su³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kieu^ˇ shiu^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰieu¹¹ ʃiu²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiò-siú
    • Tâi-lô: khiò-siú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qioirsiuo
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰio¹¹⁻⁵³ siu⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ siu⁴¹/

Verb

叩首

1. (intransitive, literary) to kowtow

Synonyms

edit

• 叩拜 (kòubài)
• 叩頭 / 叩头 (kòutóu)
• 磕頭 / 磕头 (kētóu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (叩首):

• → Japanese: 叩(こう)首(しゅ) (kōshu)
• → Korean: 고수(叩首) (gosu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
叩	首
こう Hyōgai	しゅ Grade: 2
kan'on	goon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɕɨ]
• (Tokyo) こーしゅ [kóꜜòshù] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

叩(こう)首(しゅ) • (kōshu) ^{←こうしゆ (kousyu)?}

1. kowtow

   Synonym: 叩頭 (kōtō)

Verb

叩(こう)首(しゅ)する • (kōshu suru) ^{←こうしゆ (kousyu)?}intransitive suru (stem 叩(こう)首(しゅ)し (kōshu shi), past 叩(こう)首(しゅ)した (kōshu shita))

1. to kowtow

   Synonym: 叩頭する (kōtō suru)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "叩首する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	叩首し	こうしゅし	kōshu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	叩首し	こうしゅし	kōshu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	叩首する	こうしゅする	kōshu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	叩首する	こうしゅする	kōshu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	叩首すれ	こうしゅすれ	kōshu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	叩首せよ¹ 叩首しろ²	こうしゅせよ¹ こうしゅしろ²	kōshu seyo¹ kōshu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	叩首される	こうしゅされる	kōshu sareru
Causative	叩首させる 叩首さす	こうしゅさせる こうしゅさす	kōshu saseru kōshu sasu
Potential	叩首できる	こうしゅできる	kōshu dekiru
Volitional	叩首しよう	こうしゅしよう	kōshu shiyō
Negative	叩首しない	こうしゅしない	kōshu shinai
Negative continuative	叩首せず	こうしゅせず	kōshu sezu
Formal	叩首します	こうしゅします	kōshu shimasu
Perfective	叩首した	こうしゅした	kōshu shita
Conjunctive	叩首して	こうしゅして	kōshu shite
Hypothetical conditional	叩首すれば	こうしゅすれば	kōshu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
叩	首

Noun

叩首 • (gosu) (hangeul 고수)

1. hanja form^? of 고수