手

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See also: 爪 and 寸
手 U+624B, 手
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B
← 扊
[U+624A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 扌 →
[U+624C]
⼿ U+2F3F, ⼿
KANGXI RADICAL HAND
← ⼾
[U+2F3E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽀ →
[U+2F40]
🈐 U+1F210, 🈐
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-624B
[unassigned: U+1F203–U+1F20F]
← 🈂
[U+1F202] 		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈑 →
[U+1F211]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 扌 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 64 手

手 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手 (Q), four-corner 20500, composition ⿻𠂌一)

  1. Kangxi radical #64, ⼿.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 416, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 762, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1824, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+624B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 手
alternative forms 𠂿
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 手
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (手) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
杽 *n̥ʰɯwʔ
手 *hnjɯwʔ

Pictogram (象形) – hand and fingers. The top stroke is the bent over middle finger, while the horizontal strokes are each two fingers. Compare 爪, 寸, 九, 又.

Note that unlike the other hand/claw characters, 手 has consistently had five fingers: a mammalian/human hand, as opposed to the three digits often found in the others.

Compare also 止 (“foot”), derived from a footprint, originally composed of 3 toes and a sole.

Etymology[edit]

STEDT compares this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(t)sjəw-k/ŋ (“wing; hand”) based on Karlgren's Archaic Chinese (Old Chinese) reconstruction *śi̯ôg, connecting it to Tibetan གཤོག (gshog, “wing”).

However, this comparison is not supported by more recent scholarship, in which the Old Chinese is reconstructed with an alveolar nasal (Unger, 1995; Zhengzhang, 1995; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Evidence for the nasal initial is given in Sagart (1999):

  • 杻 (“handcuffs”) can be written as 杽, so 丑 (OC *ᵇhnruʔ) (with a nasal initial) and 手 seem to be interchangeable as phonetics.
  • The ancient graph 丑 resembles the graph of 又 (“right hand”). 狃 (OC *ᵇnruʔ, “animal track; claw”) seems to be the modern specialized form of 丑, which has been borrowed to represent an earthly branch.

As done by Sagart (1999), Baxter and Sagart (2014) put 杻 (OC *n̥<r>uʔ, “handcuffs”) and 狃 (OC *Cə.n<r>uʔ, “animal track; claw”) into the same word family as 手 (OC *n̥uʔ). Zhengzhang (1995) suggests a connection to Burmese ညှိုး (hnyui:, “forefinger”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njuŋ ~ *s-m-juŋ ~ *s-m-juw (“finger”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) suggests a tone B endoactive derivation from 收 (OC *nhiu?, “to take; to gather”), literally “that which is doing the taking”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chhiú - vernacular;
  • siú - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 手
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 書九切
    Baxter syuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕɨuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕiuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕiəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕuwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭəuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯ə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sau2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 手
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shǒu
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ syuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*n̥uʔ/
    English hand

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 手
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11665
    Phonetic
    component         		手
    Rime
    group         		幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		首
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hnjɯwʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    手

    1. hand (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 雙／双 m mn; 對／对 c)
    2. expert; master
      高手  ―  gāoshǒu  ―  master
    3. -ist; -er
      歌手  ―  gēshǒu  ―  singer
    4. convenient; handy; portable
      手機／手机  ―  shǒujī  ―  mobile phone
      手冊／手册  ―  shǒucè  ―  handbook
    5. handwritten
    6. Classifier for skills.
    7. Classifier for transactions.
    8. (Min Nan) luck in gambling
    9. (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for Chinese characters.
    10. (Taiwanese Hokkien) hidden part (general)
    11. (finance) Classifier for stocks: lot

    See also[edit]

    • 手掌 (shǒuzhǎng, “palm”)
    • 手指 (shǒuzhǐ, “finger”)
    • 手腕 (shǒuwàn, “wrist”)
    • 胳膊 (gēbo, “arm”)

    Usage notes[edit]

    In many varieties of Chinese south of the Yangtze River, 手 (shǒu) refers to the arm and hand collectively.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 手

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (手):
    • → Japanese: 手(しゅ) (shu)
    • → Korean: 수(手) (su)
    • → Vietnamese: thủ (手)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    手

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    手
    て
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tay.

    Possibly derived from a fusion of bound apophonic form 手 (ta) +‎ い (i, emphatic nominal particle). Compare 目 (ma → me, “eye”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    手(て) • (te) 

    1. a hand
      リンゴを手(て)に持(も)つ
      ringo o te ni motsu
      to hold an apple in one's hand
      手(て)打(う)ちのモールス
      te-uchi no Mōrusu
      manually-keyed Morse code
    2. a handle, grip
    3. a paw, foreleg
    4. a way of acting, means
      その手(て)があったか。
      Sono te ga atta ka.
      You could do it that way too?
      買(か)うのも一(ひと)つの手(て)である。
      Kau no mo hitotsu no te de aru.
      Another way is buying it.
    5. (board games) a move, play
      • 2002 March 9, Hotta, Yumi; Obata, Takeshi, “[第](だい)[131](ひゃくさんじゅういち)[局](きょく)　[試](ため)される[伊](い)[角](すみ) [Game 131: Isumi’s Endeavor]”, in ヒカルの碁 [Hikaru’s Go], volume 16 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 54:
        まだそんな手(て)が残(のこ)ってた——投(とう)了(りょう)は早(はや)すぎた
        Mada sonna te ga nokotteta—— Tōryō wa hayasugita
        There’s still that move — I gave up too soon
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Prefix[edit]

    手(て) • (te-) 

    1. strengthens the prefixed adjective or adjectival noun
      手(て)早(ばや)い、手(て)堅(がた)い
      tebayai, tegatai
      quick, nimble; firm, steady

    Suffix[edit]

    手(て) • (-te) 

    1. one who does the previous word's action: -ist, -er
      語(かた)り手(て)
      katarite
      narrator
      使(つか)い手(て)
      tsukaite
      user
    2. (board games) counter for moves in shogi, go, etc.
    Derived terms[edit]
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    手
    しゅ
    Grade: 1
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 手 (MC ɕɨuX).

    Affix[edit]

    手(しゅ) • (shu) 

    1. hand
    2. handwork
    3. handicraft, skill, talent
    4. one who does an action: -ist, -er
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 手 (MC ɕɨuX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 슈ᇢ〯 (Yale: syǔw)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 손〮 (Yale: swón) 슈〮 (Yale: syú)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (hand; person; etc.):
    • (in 수건 (手巾, sugeon)):
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰu(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [수(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    手 (eumhun 손 수 (son su))

    1. Hanja form? of 수 (“hand”).
    2. Hanja form? of 수 (“suffix related to one's skill or occupation”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    手

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    手 (hiragana てぃー, romaji thī)

    1. a hand

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    手

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    手 (hiragana てぃー, romaji tī)

    1. a hand

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    手

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Cognate with Japanese 手 (te).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    手(hiragana) or 手(てぃー) (hiragana or tī) 

    1. a hand
    2. a handle, grip
    3. a skill, ability, means; especially in martial arts

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    手: Hán Việt readings: thủ (書(thư)九(cửu)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    手: Nôm readings: thủ[1][3][4][5]

    1. chữ Hán form of thủ (“hand”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ^ Trần (2004).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
    4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    手

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    手 (hiragana てぃー, romaji tī)

    1. a hand

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    手

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    Lua error: not enough memory. See Wiktionary:Lua memory errors for more information.

    1. a hand
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