te-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "te"

Ao

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ta (negative imperative particle).

Prefix

te-

1. Negative imperative prefix: don't!

   Coordinate term: me-

   ‎te- + ‎achi (“to eat”) → ‎techi (“do not eat”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV- (possessor prefix).

Prefix

te-

1. Prefix attached to relational/inalienable nouns

    ‎tenük, ‎toko

2. Forms nominalizations of verbs
   1. For stative verbs, such nominalizations may be used like adjectives

      ‎te- + ‎merem (“to be red”) → ‎temerem (“red”)

   2. Non-productively, some verbal nouns may be formed with this prefix

      ‎te- + ‎atem (“to end”) → ‎tatem (“end”)

      ‎te- + ‎asü (“to die”) → ‎tasü (“death”)

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California, page 51
• A. R. Coupe (2007), A grammar of Mongsen Ao, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 247-248, 256-259
• Pons, Marie-Caroline (2021), “On the origin of 2nd person prefix #tV- in Trans-Himalayan languages”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volume 44, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 226–263

Classical Nahuatl

Prefix

tē-

1. Indefinite animate object: someone; somebody; everyone; people.
2. Indefinite animate possessor: someone's; somebody's.

Derived terms

Classical Nahuatl terms prefixed with te-

tecocoa

tecuani

teilaquiliztli

teixcuepani

tetennamiquiliztli

See also

Classical Nahuatl possessive prefixes

	Singular	Plural
1st person	no-	to-
2nd person	mo-	amo-
3rd person	ī-	īm-
impersonal	tē-

Classical Nahuatl object prefixes

	Singular	Plural
1st person	nēch-	tēch-
2nd person	mitz-	amēch-
3rd person	qu-, c-	quim-, quin-
impersonal	tē-, tla-

See also

• tla-

Dena'ina

Etymology

Compare Navajo di-, an inceptive prefix likewise used to form the future mode.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰə/

Prefix

te-

1. Marks a verb as inceptive

   teshyux ― I started to walk

2. (with ghe-) Used to form the future mode

   tuyuł ― he/she will walk

   tghichegh ― you will cry

References

• Tenenbaum, Joan Marsha (1978), Morphology and Semantics of the Tanaina Verb, Columbia University, pages 87, 103-107

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch te-, from Old Dutch te-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-. Compare German zer-.

Prefix

te-

1. (obsolete, no longer productive) Created verbs with a sense of ‘in pieces, apart, asunder’, or with intensive force.

   tekappen (“to hew into pieces”)

   terijten (“to rip apart”)

   tesplitsen (“to split into pieces”)

References

• Matthias de Vries; Lambert Allard te Winkel (1864), “te-”, in Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, published 2001

Indonesian

Prefix

te-

1. alternative form of ter-

Japanese

Romanization

te-

1. Rōmaji transcription of て

Lithuanian

Prefix

te-

1. forms the permissive mood

   tedirbie (“to let someone work”)

   teaugie (“to let something grow”)

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *ti-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-.

Prefix

te-

1. Creates verbs with a sense of ‘in pieces, apart, asunder’, or with intensive force.

Derived terms

Middle Dutch terms prefixed with te-

tebreken

Middle English

Etymology 1

Prefix

te-

1. alternative form of to- (“towards”)

Etymology 2

Prefix

te-

1. alternative form of to- (“apart”)

Mohawk

Alternative forms

• dualic
  • tew- (before a-stem nouns)

Etymology 1

From Proto-North Iroquoian *teɁ.

Prefix

te-

1. negation prefix, used with iah

Etymology 2

From Proto-North Iroquoian *te, ultimately from Proto-Iroquoian *teː.

Prefix

te-

1. dualic prefix
   1. with nouns, indicates two of something
   2. forms superlatives with aonháʼa

References

• Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976), Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 57, 146, 205-206

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /te/

Prefix

te-

1. alternative form of tō-

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-.

Prefix

te-

1. Creates verbs with a sense of ‘apart, in piece, asunder’, or with intensive force.

   tebrekan (“to break apart”)

   tebrestan (“to tear up”)

   tedēlian (“to separate”)

   tefallan (“to decay”)

   tefaran (“to decay, to consume”)

   tegangan (“to dissolve”)

   teglīdan (“to glide away”)

   tekīnan (“to dissolve”)

   tekliovan (“to tear apart”)

   telātan (“to disperse”)

   telōsian (“to resolve”)

   teskrīdan (“to dissolve”)

   teslahan (“to destroy”)

   tesprengian (“to smash”)

   testōrian (“to destroy”)

   testōtan (“to pound”)

   teswingan (“to disperse”)

   tewerpan (“to disperse, to destroy”)

Derived terms

Old Saxon terms prefixed with te-

tebrekan

tebrestan

tedelian

tefallan

tefaran

tegangan

tegegnes

teglidan

tekinan

tekliovan

telatan

telosian

tesamna

tesamna-

teskridan

teslahan

tesprengian

testorian

testotan

teswingan

tewerpan

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [te-]

Prefix

te-

1. Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel e.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above