kün-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kun"

Ye'kwana

Alternative forms

• kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- (allomorphs)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɨŋ-]

Prefix

kün-

1. Marks a transitive verb in a distant past tense (perfective -i or imperfective -akö) as having a third-person agent/subject and patient/object.
2. Marks an intransitive verb with agent-like or patient-like argument in a distant past tense (perfective -i or imperfective -akö) as having a third-person argument/subject.

Usage notes

The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:

• kün- if the first syllable begins with a vowel or consonant other than j or y and its vowel is anything but u or i.
• kun- if the first syllable begins with a vowel or consonant other than j or y and its vowel is u.
• kin- if the first syllable begins with i or y. If it begins with y, the n and y assimilate together into nñ.
• occasionally ken- if the first syllable begins with a vowel or consonant other than j or y and its vowel is e.
• küm- if the first syllable begins with j and its vowel is anything but u or i.
• kum- if the first syllable begins with j and its vowel is u.
• kim- if the first syllable begins with j and its vowel is i.
• kini- if the first syllable begins with two consonants.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

pronoun noun possessor/ series II verb argument postposition object series I verb argument transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent first person ewü y-, mch (“∅-”), ü-, u-1 w-, wi- first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1 second person amödö ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- m-, mi- first person dual exclusive nña y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni- third person tüwü n-, ni- distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- — reciprocal — — öö- With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable. series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient 1st person > 2nd person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- 1st person dual exclusive > 2nd person 2nd person > 1st person k-, kü-, ku-, ki- 2nd person > 1st person dual exclusive 3rd person > any person X …or… any person X > 3rd person see person X in the chart above

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[1], Lyon, pages 184–185