i-
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English i-, y-, ȝe-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱó-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with, near, by, along”). Cognate with Dutch ge-, Low German ge-, je-, e-, German ge-.
Prefix[edit]
i-
- (obsolete) Used to form past participles of verbs. Alternative spelling of y-
Etymology 2[edit]
From Latin ī-, assimilated form of in- used before g-.
Prefix[edit]
i-
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- (Jamaica) Used to transform English words into words used by Rastafarians with a special meaning.
See also[edit]
Rastafarian on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Rastafarian I words on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 4[edit]
Popularized in the name of the iMac line of computers (1998).
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Alluding to the Internet.
- Coordinate term: (electronic) e-
- Alluding to digital devices and computer programs, especially those that are cutting-edge or fashionable, and those from Apple.
- Coordinate term: (alluding to McDonald's) Mc-
- i- + pod → iPod
- i- + phone → iPhone
- i- + gen → iGen
- 1999, Melissa August, “Ad Infinitum”, in Time, v 154, November 1, p 39:
- I-WHAT?! Seems everyone's ripping off the iMac idea. Take this parody ad for the fruity-colored “iBrator” at sleeplessknights.com.
Derived terms[edit]
Choctaw[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
ī- (before vowels il-, class I first-person plural)
Inflection[edit]
class I | class II | class III | class N | imperative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+s | +C | +V | +C/i | +a/o | +C | +V | +C | +V | +C | +V | |||
first-person | singular | initial | -li | sa- | si- | a̱- | am- | ak- | n/a | ||||
medial | -sa- | -sam- | |||||||||||
paucal | ī- | il- | pi- | pi̱- | pim- | kī- | kil- | ||||||
plural | hapi- | hapi̱- | hapim- | ||||||||||
second-person | singular | is- | ish- | chi- | chi̱- | chim- | chik- | ∅ | |||||
plural | has- | hash- | hachi- | hachi̱- | hachim- | hachik- | ho- | oh- | |||||
third-person | ∅ | ∅ | i̱- | im- | ik- |
Curripaco[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- second person plural agent marker
References[edit]
- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398
Esperanto[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The i vowel common to other correlatives, such as ki- and ti-, without the defining consonant.
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Any-, some-. (Indeterminate correlative prefix.)
Derived terms[edit]
- iu (“some individual, someone, somebody”)
- io (“some object, something”)
- ia (“some kind of”)
- ies (“belonging to some person, someone's”)
- iel (“some manner/degree, somehow”)
- ie (“some place, somewhere”)
- iam (“some time, sometime”)
- iom (“some quantity, some of”)
- ial (“for some reason”)
Italian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Assimilated form of in-, before s- + consonant.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Alternative form of in-
Kambera[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
i-
- Alternative form of mi-
See also[edit]
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Assimilated form of in-, before gn-.
Prefix[edit]
ī-
- Alternative form of in-
Malagasy[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- prefix element of i- -ana
See also[edit]
Maquiritari[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- (Ye'kwana dialect) Allomorph of y- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with two consonants.
- (De'kwana dialect) Allomorph of d- (third-person prefix) used for non-deictic stems that begin with a consonant.
- Forms part of the circumfix allomorphs of various adverbializers, i- -jai, i- -'da, and i- -emje, used for stems that begin with two consonants.
Inflection[edit]
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Middle English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-.
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Alternative form of y-
Mohawk[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- translocative, indicating motion away from the speaker
- epenthetic vowel added to certain verb forms
- Alternative form of ka- (before o- and on-stems)
References[edit]
- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 11
- Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 105, 173
Murui Huitoto[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
i-
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[1], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 161
Northern Ndebele[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2[edit]
Contracted from earlier ili-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
Etymology 4[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.
Old English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *iz.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
ī-
Derived terms[edit]
Phuthi[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀-n-.
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Class 9 noun prefix.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
Etymology 4[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.
Portuguese[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Alternative form of in-, used before l, m and n.
Southern Ndebele[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
Spanish[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Alternative form of in-, used before l.
Swahili[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́- and Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i-
- it, they; mi class(IV)/n class(IX) subject concord
See also[edit]
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Swazi[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
Tagalog[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)
- object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)
- instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_1.html
- https://learningtagalog.com/grammar/verbs/verb_affixes/i_2.html
Taos[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- (transitive) First person plural subject + third person singular object.
- (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
- (transitive) Third person singular subject + third person inverse number object.
- (transitive) Third person plural subject + third person singular object.
- (formative) Third person plural subject.
Ternate[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
i- (Jawi إ-)
- (non-human) third-person singular clitic, it
- (human) third-person plural clitic, they
- (masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his
- Synonym: ai-
See also[edit]
independent | subject proclitic | possessive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Informal | Formal | |||||
1st person singular | ngori | fangarem, fajaruf | to | ri | ||
2nd person singular | ngana | ngoni, jou ngoni | no | ni | ||
3rd person singular | unam, minaf | om, mof, inh | im, mif, manh | |||
1st person plural inclusive | ngone | fo | na, nga | |||
1st person plural exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi, mia | ||
2nd person plural | ngoni | ni | na, nia | |||
3rd person plural | anah, enanh | ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † | nah, ngah, manh |
- unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
- m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
- 1 - for mixed-gender groups
- † - archaic
References[edit]
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tocharian A[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Compare Tocharian B i-.
Verb[edit]
i-
- to go
Tocharian B[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Tocharian *jä-, whence also Tocharian A i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to move”). Cognate with Latin eō and Polish iść, both of the same meaning. The preterite form of this term, mäs-, is from Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“to move”), and as such the term is suppletive in conjugation.
Verb[edit]
i-
- to go
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “i-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 65-66
West Makian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
i-
Xhosa[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- Class 5 noun prefix; form of ili- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
i- (medial yi-)
Yoruba[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
ì-
- abstract or instrument nominalizing prefix
Usage notes[edit]
Forms both abstract and concrete nouns:
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Prefix[edit]
i-
- non-gerundive nominalizing prefix
Derived terms[edit]
Zulu[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *gɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
í- (medial yí-)
- they; class 4 subject concord.
Etymology 2[edit]
Contracted from earlier íli-, from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix[edit]
î-
- Class 5 noun prefix.
Etymology 3[edit]
Prefix[edit]
í-
- Class 9 noun prefix; form of in- used before stems beginning with l, m or n.
Etymology 4[edit]
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ́-.
Prefix[edit]
í- (medial yí-)
References[edit]
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “i-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “i-”
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- Jamaican English
- English terms with quotations
- en:Apple Inc.
- en:Rastafari
- Choctaw terms with IPA pronunciation
- Choctaw lemmas
- Choctaw prefixes
- Curripaco lemmas
- Curripaco prefixes
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto prefixes
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian prefix forms
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera pronouns
- Kambera pronominal clitics
- Latin lemmas
- Latin prefixes
- Malagasy non-lemma forms
- Malagasy circumfix forms
- Maquiritari terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maquiritari lemmas
- Maquiritari prefixes
- Ye'kwana Maquiritari
- De'kwana Maquiritari
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English prefixes
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk prefixes
- Murui Huitoto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Murui Huitoto lemmas
- Murui Huitoto determiners
- Murui Huitoto demonstrative determiners
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele prefixes
- Northern Ndebele subject concords
- Northern Ndebele noun prefixes
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English prefixes
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi prefixes
- Phuthi subject concords
- Phuthi noun prefixes
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese prefix forms
- Southern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele prefixes
- Southern Ndebele subject concords
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish prefix forms
- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi subject concords
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Taos terms with IPA pronunciation
- Taos lemmas
- Taos prefixes
- Taos transitive verbs
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate pronouns
- Ternate clitics
- Ternate possessive pronouns
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian A lemmas
- Tocharian A verbs
- Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian B terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian B terms derived from Proto-Tocharian
- Tocharian B terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Tocharian B lemmas
- Tocharian B verbs
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa subject concords
- Xhosa noun prefixes
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba prefixes
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu subject concords
- Zulu noun prefixes