yo-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "yo"

Pagu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo/

Prefix

yo-

1. they (third-person plural subject prefix)

   yotagi ― they go

See also

Pagu personal pronouns

			independent	subject prefix	object prefix1	possessive prefix
singular	1st person		ngoi	to-, ta-2	i-	ai-
	2nd person		ngona	no-, na-2	ni-	ani-
	3rd person	masculine	una	wo-, wa-2	wi-	awi-
		feminine	muna	mo-, ma-2	mi-	ami-
		non-human		i-	a-
plural	1st person	exclusive	ngomi	mio-3, mia-2	mi-	mia-
		inclusive	ngone	wo-, wa-2 po-, pa-2	na-	nanga-
	2nd person		ngini	nio-3, nia-2	ni-	nia-
	3rd person		ona	yo-4, ya-2	ki-	manga-

¹⁾ Object prefix is attached after a subject prefix and before a derivational prefix and a verb, e.g. Uwa niwisigisen. ‘Don't listen to him.’
²⁾ Used if the direct object is a third-person non-human object, e.g. to- + a- → ta-, etc.
³⁾ When it is attached to an object prefix, it loses the -o, e.g. mio- + ni- → mini- (except when it is attached to the third-person plural object prefix ki-, e.g. mio- + ki- → mioki-).
⁴⁾ Attached to the first-person singular object prefix i-, the prefix yo- becomes i-, i.e. yo- + i- → ini-.

References

• Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli (2018) A descriptive grammar of the Pagu language (Thesis)‎^[1], University of Hong Kong
• Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli (2023), Kamus Pagu-Indonesia-Inggris, Jakarta: Penerbit BRIN

Ternate

Etymology

Cognate with Tehit y- (“third-person plural prefix”).

Pronoun

yo-

1. (archaic, poetic, human) third-person plural clitic, they

See also

Ternate personal pronouns

		independent		subject proclitic	possessive
		informal	formal
singular	1st person	ngori	fangarem, fajaruf	to	ri
	2nd person	ngana	ngoni, jou ngoni	no	ni
	3rd person	unam, minaf		om, mof, inh	im, mif, manh
plural	1st person inclusive	ngone		fo	na, nga
	1st person exclusive	ngomi	fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1	mi	mi, mia
	2nd person	ngoni		ni	na, nia
	3rd person	anah, enanh		ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, †	nah, ngah, manh

• unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
• m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
• 1 - for mixed-gender groups
• † - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh