-cho

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cho"

Japanese

Romanization

-cho

1. Rōmaji transcription of ちょ

Lower Tanana

Alternative forms

• -chonh, -chot

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *kaˑ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʃɔ/

Noun

-cho (third-person singular possessed form becho)

1. viscera
2. abdomen, stomach

Derived terms

• -'aɬ chontanenh (“spouse”)
• -'eɬ ch'echoghido'na (“family”)
• cho- (“frailly”)
• -choga' (“ribs”)
• -chogwyh (“abdominal muscles”)
• choltayi (“moose with calves”)
• chononi (“luck”)
• -choyu' (“stomach fat”)

References

• Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 88

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *-xo

Polish -cho

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Syllabification: -cho

Suffix

-cho n

1. forms augmentative nouns

   ‎ciastko + ‎-cho → ‎ciacho

   ‎mięso + ‎-cho → ‎mięcho

   ‎towarzystwo + ‎-cho → ‎towarzycho

Declension

Declension of -cho

	singular	plural
nominative	-cho	-cha
genitive	-cha	-ech
dative	-chu	-chom
accusative	-cho	-cha
instrumental	-chem	-chami
locative	-chu	-chach
vocative	-cho	-cha

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -cho

boicho

ciacho

kolacho

mięcho

towarzycho

Sidamo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-t͡ʃo/

Suffix

-cho

1. Form of -ichcho used after sonorants.

   danana (“hair”) → danancho (“(one) hair”)

Derived terms

Sidamo terms suffixed with -ichcho

badalcho

buxichcho

ceʼichcho

culunqichcho

danancho

darcho

gaangichcho

geercho

gerechcho

gotiichcho

haqqichcho

hogichcho

lukkichcho

mancho

meʼichcho

sincho

siqqichcho

teennichcho

weeshsho

wosincho

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 347

South Slavey

Etymology

Cognates include Navajo -tsoh and Dogrib -cho.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-t͡ʃʰò̞(ʔ)]

Suffix

-cho

1. Used to form augmentative nouns.

Usage notes

• Follows the possessive suffix:

  ‎tthe (“stone”) + ‎-cho → ‎tthecho (“boulder”)

  ‎settheé (“my stone”) + ‎-cho → ‎settheécho (“my boulder”)

Derived terms

South Slavey terms suffixed with -cho

dihcho

nódacho

sahcho

tlįcho

tthecho

ɂahcho

References

• Keren Rice (1989), A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 239

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami	ـگُ

Suffix

-cho

1. ki class_(VII) relative marker
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[1], stanza 14:

     نِكَمَ كِسِمَ كِسِگُ وُمْبِّ ، كِنْيِ مْتَپَاءَ مَانَ وَغُمْبِ

     Ni-kama kisima kisicho ombe, chenye mta-paa mwana wa-ng'ombe,

     It is like a shallow well where charges a young bull;

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)

class	subject concord		object concord	relative
	affirmative	negative
m(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo

For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies

ALIV	-cho
Brazilian standard	-cho
New Tribes	-cho

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-t͡ʃo]

Suffix

-cho

1. allomorph of -ato (adverb/postposition nominalizing suffix) used for stems that end in i
2. allomorph of -to (plural verb suffix) used for stems that end in i
3. allomorph of -icho (recent/distant past perfective plural suffix) used for stems that end in a vowel followed by i