-lo

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From -la +‎ -i (with later labialization).

Suffix

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-lo (front vowel harmony variant -lö, linguistic notation -lO)

  1. Forms various nouns.

Usage notes

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  • With bisyllabic stems, the preceding -a-, -ä- usually changes to -e- (compare -ella). e-stems however generally have the -e- turn into an -i-.

Declension

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Inflection of -lo (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
nominative -lo -lot
genitive -lon -lojen
-loiden
-loitten
partitive -loa -loja
-loita
illative -loon -loihin
singular plural
nominative -lo -lot
accusative nom. -lo -lot
gen. -lon
genitive -lon -lojen
-loiden
-loitten
partitive -loa -loja
-loita
inessive -lossa -loissa
elative -losta -loista
illative -loon -loihin
adessive -lolla -loilla
ablative -lolta -loilta
allative -lolle -loille
essive -lona -loina
translative -loksi -loiksi
abessive -lotta -loitta
instructive -loin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -lo (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -loni -loni
accusative nom. -loni -loni
gen. -loni
genitive -loni -lojeni
-loideni
-loitteni
partitive -loani -lojani
-loitani
inessive -lossani -loissani
elative -lostani -loistani
illative -looni -loihini
adessive -lollani -loillani
ablative -loltani -loiltani
allative -lolleni -loilleni
essive -lonani -loinani
translative -lokseni -loikseni
abessive -lottani -loittani
instructive
comitative -loineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -losi -losi
accusative nom. -losi -losi
gen. -losi
genitive -losi -lojesi
-loidesi
-loittesi
partitive -loasi -lojasi
-loitasi
inessive -lossasi -loissasi
elative -lostasi -loistasi
illative -loosi -loihisi
adessive -lollasi -loillasi
ablative -loltasi -loiltasi
allative -lollesi -loillesi
essive -lonasi -loinasi
translative -loksesi -loiksesi
abessive -lottasi -loittasi
instructive
comitative -loinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -lomme -lomme
accusative nom. -lomme -lomme
gen. -lomme
genitive -lomme -lojemme
-loidemme
-loittemme
partitive -loamme -lojamme
-loitamme
inessive -lossamme -loissamme
elative -lostamme -loistamme
illative -loomme -loihimme
adessive -lollamme -loillamme
ablative -loltamme -loiltamme
allative -lollemme -loillemme
essive -lonamme -loinamme
translative -loksemme -loiksemme
abessive -lottamme -loittamme
instructive
comitative -loinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -lonne -lonne
accusative nom. -lonne -lonne
gen. -lonne
genitive -lonne -lojenne
-loidenne
-loittenne
partitive -loanne -lojanne
-loitanne
inessive -lossanne -loissanne
elative -lostanne -loistanne
illative -loonne -loihinne
adessive -lollanne -loillanne
ablative -loltanne -loiltanne
allative -lollenne -loillenne
essive -lonanne -loinanne
translative -loksenne -loiksenne
abessive -lottanne -loittanne
instructive
comitative -loinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -lonsa -lonsa
accusative nom. -lonsa -lonsa
gen. -lonsa
genitive -lonsa -lojensa
-loidensa
-loittensa
partitive -loaan
-loansa
-lojaan
-loitaan
-lojansa
-loitansa
inessive -lossaan
-lossansa
-loissaan
-loissansa
elative -lostaan
-lostansa
-loistaan
-loistansa
illative -loonsa -loihinsa
adessive -lollaan
-lollansa
-loillaan
-loillansa
ablative -loltaan
-loltansa
-loiltaan
-loiltansa
allative -lolleen
-lollensa
-loilleen
-loillensa
essive -lonaan
-lonansa
-loinaan
-loinansa
translative -lokseen
-loksensa
-loikseen
-loiksensa
abessive -lottaan
-lottansa
-loittaan
-loittansa
instructive
comitative -loineen
-loinensa

Derived terms

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Italian

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Pronoun

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-lo

  1. (enclitic) Alternative form of lo
    dare (to give)darlo (to give it)
    vendere (to sell)venderlo (to sell it)
    servire (to serve)servirlo (to serve it)
    mangia (eat!)mangialo (eat it!)

Usage notes

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  • Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third singular masculine person. Also appended to second singular person imperative forms. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
-are-arlo
-ere-erlo
-ire-irlo

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (to introduce)introdurlo (to introduce him)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -lo.

Latin

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Suffix

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-lō

  1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -lus

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-dlo.

Suffix

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-lo (Cyrillic spelling -ло)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting senses or objects, used as a pejorative or as an abstract noun.
  2. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine or neuter noun, usually for forming diminutives, pejoratives, abstract nouns and for denoting a tool.

See also

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Swahili

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Other scripts
Ajami ـلُ

Suffix

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-lo

  1. ji class(V) relative marker
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:
      مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،
      Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?
      Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?

See also

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