-ella

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Translingual

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Etymology

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From Latin -ella.

Suffix

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-ella f

  1. (taxonomy) A suffix used to form taxonomic names, of genera of bacteria.

Derived terms

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin -ella.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elles)

  1. forms feminine noun from nouns, indicating a particular kind or class of the root; often, but not always, used to indicate a diminutive form

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-(ë)ldak, from Proto-Uralic *-le-.

Suffix

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-ella (front vowel harmony variant -ellä, stem -ele-, linguistic notation -ele- or -ellA)

  1. Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.
    käsittää (to grasp, understand) + ‎-ella → ‎käsitellä (to handle, process)
    muistaa (to remember) + ‎-ella → ‎muistella (to think back, commemorate)
    nostaa (to lift) + ‎-ella → ‎nostella (to lift repeatedly)
    ostaa (to buy) + ‎-ella → ‎ostella (to shop)
    rakastaa (to love) + ‎-ella → ‎rakastella (to make love)
    savuttaa (to smoke, to produce smoke) + ‎-ella → ‎savutella (to smoke, to consume tobacco)

Usage notes

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Originally in complementary distribution with -illa, but recent coinages may use either (compare nakatanakella, but hakatahakkailla).

Some frequentative verbs are formed with the suffix -ia. See list of Finnish frequentative verbs for examples.

Conjugation

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Inflection of -ella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -elen en -ele 1st sing. olen -ellut en ole -ellut
2nd sing. -elet et -ele 2nd sing. olet -ellut et ole -ellut
3rd sing. -elee ei -ele 3rd sing. on -ellut ei ole -ellut
1st plur. -elemme emme -ele 1st plur. olemme -elleet emme ole -elleet
2nd plur. -elette ette -ele 2nd plur. olette -elleet ette ole -elleet
3rd plur. -elevat eivät -ele 3rd plur. ovat -elleet eivät ole -elleet
passive -ellaan ei -ella passive on -eltu ei ole -eltu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -elin en -ellut 1st sing. olin -ellut en ollut -ellut
2nd sing. -elit et -ellut 2nd sing. olit -ellut et ollut -ellut
3rd sing. -eli ei -ellut 3rd sing. oli -ellut ei ollut -ellut
1st plur. -elimme emme -elleet 1st plur. olimme -elleet emme olleet -elleet
2nd plur. -elitte ette -elleet 2nd plur. olitte -elleet ette olleet -elleet
3rd plur. -elivat eivät -elleet 3rd plur. olivat -elleet eivät olleet -elleet
passive -eltiin ei -eltu passive oli -eltu ei ollut -eltu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -elisin en -elisi 1st sing. olisin -ellut en olisi -ellut
2nd sing. -elisit et -elisi 2nd sing. olisit -ellut et olisi -ellut
3rd sing. -elisi ei -elisi 3rd sing. olisi -ellut ei olisi -ellut
1st plur. -elisimme emme -elisi 1st plur. olisimme -elleet emme olisi -elleet
2nd plur. -elisitte ette -elisi 2nd plur. olisitte -elleet ette olisi -elleet
3rd plur. -elisivat eivät -elisi 3rd plur. olisivat -elleet eivät olisi -elleet
passive -eltaisiin ei -eltaisi passive olisi -eltu ei olisi -eltu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. 1st sing.
2nd sing. -ele älä -ele 2nd sing.
3rd sing. -elkoon älköön -elko 3rd sing. olkoon -ellut älköön olko -ellut
1st plur. -elkaamme älkäämme -elko 1st plur.
2nd plur. -elkaa älkää -elko 2nd plur.
3rd plur. -elkoot älkööt -elko 3rd plur. olkoot -elleet älkööt olko -elleet
passive -eltakoon älköön -eltako passive olkoon -eltu älköön olko -eltu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. -ellen en -elle 1st sing. lienen -ellut en liene -ellut
2nd sing. -ellet et -elle 2nd sing. lienet -ellut et liene -ellut
3rd sing. -ellee ei -elle 3rd sing. lienee -ellut ei liene -ellut
1st plur. -ellemme emme -elle 1st plur. lienemme -elleet emme liene -elleet
2nd plur. -ellette ette -elle 2nd plur. lienette -elleet ette liene -elleet
3rd plur. -ellevat eivät -elle 3rd plur. lienevät -elleet eivät liene -elleet
passive -eltaneen ei -eltane passive lienee -eltu ei liene -eltu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st -ella present -eleva -eltava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -ellakseni -ellaksemme
2nd -ellaksesi -ellaksenne
3rd -ellakseen
-ellaksensa
past -ellut -eltu
2nd inessive2 -ellessa -eltaessa agent4 -elema
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -ellessani -ellessamme
2nd -ellessasi -ellessanne
3rd -ellessaan
-ellessansa
negative -elematon
instructive -ellen 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd inessive -elemassa
elative -elemasta
illative -elemaan
adessive -elemalla
abessive -elematta
instructive -eleman -eltaman
4th3 verbal noun -eleminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st -elemaisillani -elemaisillamme
2nd -elemaisillasi -elemaisillanne
3rd -elemaisillaan
-elemaisillansa

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

Derived terms

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See also

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-(e)ldak. Cognates include Finnish -ella and Estonian -leda.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ella (front vowel variant -ellä)

  1. Used to form frequentative verbs.
    tappaa (to kill) + ‎-ella → ‎tapella (to fight)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -ella (type 12/kuulla, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular -elen en -ele 1st singular oon -elt, oon -ellut en oo -elt, en oo -ellut
2nd singular -elet et -ele 2nd singular oot -elt, oot -ellut et oo -elt, et oo -ellut
3rd singular -eloo ei -ele 3rd singular ono -elt, ono -ellut ei oo -elt, ei oo -ellut
1st plural -elemma emmä -ele 1st plural oomma -elleet emmä oo -elleet
2nd plural -eletta että -ele 2nd plural ootta -elleet että oo -elleet
3rd plural -eloot1), -elevat2), -ellaa evät -ele, ei -ella 3rd plural ovat -elleet evät oo -elleet, ei oo -eltu
impersonal -ellaa ei -ella impersonal ono -eltu ei oo -eltu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular -elin en -elt, en -ellut 1st singular olin -elt, olin -ellut en olt -elt, en olt -ellut
2nd singular -elit et -elt, et -ellut 2nd singular olit -elt, olit -ellut et olt -elt, et olt -ellut
3rd singular -eli ei -elt, ei -ellut 3rd singular oli -elt, oli -ellut ei olt -elt, ei olt -ellut
1st plural -elimma emmä -elleet 1st plural olimma -elleet emmä olleet -elleet
2nd plural -elitta että -elleet 2nd plural olitta -elleet että olleet -elleet
3rd plural -eliit1), -elivat2), -eltii evät -elleet, ei -eltu 3rd plural olivat -elleet evät olleet -elleet, ei olt -eltu
impersonal -eltii ei -eltu impersonal oli -eltu ei olt -eltu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular -elisin en -elis 1st singular olisin -elt, olisin -ellut en olis -elt, en olis -ellut
2nd singular -elisit, -eliist1) et -elis 2nd singular olisit -elt, olisit -ellut et olis -elt, et olis -ellut
3rd singular -elis ei -elis 3rd singular olis -elt, olis -ellut ei olis -elt, ei olis -ellut
1st plural -elisimma emmä -elis 1st plural olisimma -elleet emmä olis -elleet
2nd plural -elisitta että -elis 2nd plural olisitta -elleet että olis -elleet
3rd plural -elisiit1), -elisivat2), -eltais evät -elis, ei -eltais 3rd plural olisivat -elleet evät olis -elleet, ei olis -eltu
impersonal -eltais ei -eltais impersonal olis -eltu ei olis -eltu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular 1st singular
2nd singular -ele elä -ele 2nd singular oo -elt, oo -ellut elä oo -elt, elä oo -ellut
3rd singular -elkoo elköö -elko 3rd singular olkoo -elt, olkoo -ellut elköö olko -elt, elköö olko -ellut
1st plural 1st plural
2nd plural -elkaa elkää -elko 2nd plural olkaa -elleet elkää olko -elleet
3rd plural -elkoot elkööt -elko, elköö -eltako 3rd plural olkoot -elleet elkööt olko -elleet, elköö olko -eltu
impersonal -eltakkoo elköö -eltako impersonal olkoo -eltu elköö olko -eltu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular -ellen en -elle
2nd singular -ellet et -elle
3rd singular -elloo ei -elle
1st plural -ellemma emmä -elle
2nd plural -elletta että -elle
3rd plural -elloot evät -elle, ei -eltane
impersonal -eltannoo ei -eltane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st -ella present -eleva -eltava
2nd inessive -ellees past -elt, -ellut -eltu
instructive -ellen 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-elkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative -elommaa
inessive -elomas
elative -elomast
abessive -elomata
4th nominative -elomiin
partitive -elomista, -elomist

Derived terms

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Italian

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Suffix

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-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elle)

  1. used with female nouns to form diminutives
    Synonyms: -cella, -etta, -ina, -uzza
    busta (envelope) + ‎-ella → ‎bustarella (small envelope, bribe)

Derived terms

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Suffix

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-ella (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix)

  1. feminine singular of -ello

Anagrams

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Latin

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ella

  1. inflection of -ellus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Descendants

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  • Asturian: -iella
  • Aromanian: -eauã
  • Catalan: -ella
  • French: -elle
  • Italian: -ella
  • Occitan: -ela
  • Portuguese: -ela
  • Romanian: -ea
  • Spanish: -illa

Suffix

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-ellā

  1. ablative feminine singular of -ellus

Portuguese

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Suffix

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-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ellas)

  1. Obsolete spelling of -ela.