-ia

forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood
‎covard (“coward”) + ‎-ia → ‎covardia (“cowardice”)
forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship
‎comptador (“accountant”) + ‎-ia → ‎comptadoria (“accounting”)
forms placenames; -y; -ia
‎occità (“Occitan”) + ‎-ia → ‎Occitània (“Occitanie”)

Derived terms[edit]

Catalan terms suffixed with -ia

Finnish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *-idak, from Proto-Uralic *-j-.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /-iɑˣ/, [-iɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix[edit]

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, stem -i-)

Forms primarily transitive verbs describing repeating (frequentative) or continuous (continuative) action.

Derived terms[edit]

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (verbal)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

Suffix[edit]

-ia

(in borrowings) Forms place names.

Derived terms[edit]

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (place)

Etymology 3[edit]

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

Suffix[edit]

-ia

(in borrowings) -y (forms abstract nouns from Latin or Greek roots)

Derived terms[edit]

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (nominal)

Etymology 4[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *-jak, an old *k-lative of *-ja (denominative place name suffix).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /-iɑ(ˣ)/, [-iɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix[edit]

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä)

Forms some adverbs, mainly with a directional meaning.

Derived terms[edit]

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (adverbial)

Etymology 5[edit]

See -ea.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

Suffix[edit]

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä)

(dialectal) Alternative form of -ea

Usage notes[edit]

Used in the same way as the standard -ea: e.g. korkia "high", standard korkea.
Commonly associated with both Northern and Southern Ostrobothnian dialects, but also the predominant type in Peräpohja and southeastern (aka "Karelian") dialects.
This form was standard until the 19th century, when it was replaced by the current standard -ea.

References[edit]

Erkki Savolainen, 1998, compiled for the University of Eastern Finland (archived page)

Anagrams[edit]

ai

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *-idak. Cognates include Finnish -ia.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]

Suffix[edit]

-ia (front vowel variant -iä)

Used to form continuative verbs from other verbs.
‎hypätä (“to jump”) + ‎-ia → ‎hyppiä (“to hop”)
Used to form transitive verbs describing a continuous action with a nominal.
‎nokka (“beak”) + ‎-ia → ‎nokkia (“to peck”)
Used to form intransitive verbs describing the creation of a nominal.
‎kukka (“flower”) + ‎-ia → ‎kukkia (“to blossom”)

‎poika (“young”) + ‎-ia → ‎poikia (“to calve”)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of -ia (type 7/oppia, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-in	en -i	1st singular	oon -int, oon -inut	en oo -int, en oo -inut
2nd singular	-it	et -i	2nd singular	oot -int, oot -inut	et oo -int, et oo -inut
3rd singular	-ii	ei -i	3rd singular	ono -int, ono -inut	ei oo -int, ei oo -inut
1st plural	-imma	emmä -i	1st plural	oomma -inneet	emmä oo -inneet
2nd plural	-itta	että -i	2nd plural	ootta -inneet	että oo -inneet
3rd plural	-iit¹⁾, -ivat²⁾, -itaa	evät -i	3rd plural	ovat -inneet	evät oo -inneet
impersonal	-itaa	ei -ita	impersonal	ono -ittu	ei oo -ittu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-in	en -int, en -inut	1st singular	olin -int, olin -inut	en olt -int, en olt -inut
2nd singular	-it	et -int, et -inut	2nd singular	olit -int, olit -inut	et olt -int, et olt -inut
3rd singular	-i	ei -int, ei -inut	3rd singular	oli -int, oli -inut	ei olt -int, ei olt -inut
1st plural	-imma	emmä -inneet	1st plural	olimma -inneet	emmä olleet -inneet
2nd plural	-itta	että -inneet	2nd plural	olitta -inneet	että olleet -inneet
3rd plural	-iit¹⁾, -ivat²⁾, -ittii	evät -inneet	3rd plural	olivat -inneet	evät olleet -inneet
impersonal	-ittii	ei -ittu	impersonal	oli -ittu	ei olt -ittu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-isin	en -is	1st singular	olisin -int, olisin -inut	en olis -int, en olis -inut
2nd singular	-isit, -iist¹⁾	et -is	2nd singular	olisit -int, olisit -inut	et olis -int, et olis -inut
3rd singular	-is	ei -is	3rd singular	olis -int, olis -inut	ei olis -int, ei olis -inut
1st plural	-isimma	emmä -is	1st plural	olisimma -inneet	emmä olis -inneet
2nd plural	-isitta	että -is	2nd plural	olisitta -inneet	että olis -inneet
3rd plural	-isiit¹⁾, -isivat²⁾, -ittais	evät -is	3rd plural	olisivat -inneet	evät olis -inneet
impersonal	-ittais	ei -ittais	impersonal	olis -ittu	ei olis -ittu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-i	elä -i	2nd singular	oo -int, oo -inut	elä oo -int, elä oo -inut
3rd singular	-ikoo	elköö -iko	3rd singular	olkoo -int, olkoo -inut	elköö olko -int, elköö olko -inut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-ikaa	elkää -iko	2nd plural	olkaa -inneet	elkää olko -inneet
3rd plural	-ikoot	elkööt -iko	3rd plural	olkoot -inneet	elkööt olko -inneet
impersonal	-ittakkoo	elköö -ittako	impersonal	olkoo -ittu	elköö olko -ittu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-inen	en -ine
2nd singular	-inet	et -ine
3rd singular	-inoo	ei -ine
1st plural	-inemma	emmä -ine
2nd plural	-inetta	että -ine
3rd plural	-inoot	evät -ine
impersonal	-ittannoo	ei -ittane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-ia	present	-iva	-ittava
2nd	inessive	-ijees	past	-int, -inut	-ittu
2nd	instructive	-ien	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-ikaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative, or -kse* to the potential. ^**) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-imaa
	inessive	-imaas
	elative	-imast
	abessive	-imata
4th	nominative	-imiin
	partitive	-imista, -imist

Derived terms[edit]

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ia (continuative)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *-ëda. Cognates include Finnish -ea and Estonian -e.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]

Suffix[edit]

-ia (front vowel variant -iä)

Used to form adjectives from nouns and verbs.
‎pöörä (“wheel”) + ‎-ia → ‎pööriä (“round”)

Declension[edit]

Declension of -ia (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ia	-iat
genitive	-ian	-ioin
partitive	-iaa	-ioja
illative	-iaa	-ioihe
inessive	-iaas	-iois
elative	-iast	-ioist
allative	-ialle	-ioille
adessive	-iaal	-ioil
ablative	-ialt	-ioilt
translative	-iaks	-ioiks
essive	-ianna, -iaan	-ioinna, -ioin
exessive¹⁾	-iant	-ioint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms[edit]

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ia (adjective)

Interlingua[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English -ia, French -ie, Italian -ia, Portuguese -ia/Spanish -ía, all ultimately from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈi.a/

Suffix[edit]

-ia

forms nouns from ethnonyms or personal names, denoting a country, province or region; -ia, -y
‎arabe (“Arab”) + ‎-ia → ‎Arabia (“Arabia”)

‎scoto (“Scot”) + ‎-ia → ‎Scotia (“Scotland”)

‎bulgare (“Buglar(ian)”) + ‎-ia → ‎Bulgaria (“Bulgaria”)
forms nouns from nouns, denoting a quality, status or jurisdiction; -y, -cy,-ness, -ity, -hood
‎coarde (“coward”) + ‎-ia → ‎coardia (“cowardice”)

‎infante (“baby, infant”) + ‎-ia → ‎infantia (“childhood, infancy”)

‎abbate (“abbot”) + ‎-ia → ‎abbatia (“abbacy”)

‎capitano (“captain”) + ‎-ia → ‎capitania (“captaincy”)
forms nouns from nouns, denoting an art, science, practice or establishment; -y
‎geologo (“geologist”) + ‎-ia → ‎geologia (“geology”)

‎radiotoxicologo (“radiotoxicologist”) + ‎-ia → ‎radiotoxicologia (“radiotoxicology”)

‎idolatra (“idolater”) + ‎-ia → ‎idolatria (“idolatry”)

‎bottinero (“cobbler, shoemaker”) + ‎-ia → ‎bottineria (“cobblery, shoemaking; cobbler's, shoemaker's shop”)

Usage notes[edit]

Note that the i of the suffix -ia bears the stress.

Derived terms[edit]

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -ia not found

References[edit]

Alexander Gode; Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Italian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈi.a/
Rhymes: -ia
Hyphenation: -ì‧a

Suffix[edit]

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ie)

derives abstract nouns denoting a state or condition from adjectives or nouns
‎allegro (“cheerful”, “happy”) + ‎-ia → ‎allegria (“joy”, “happiness”)

‎tiranno (“tyrant”) + ‎-ia → ‎tirannia (“tyranny”)
derives abstract nouns denoting a collective group or a social condition
‎compagno (“companion”) + ‎-ia → ‎compagnia (“company”)

‎borghese (“bourgeois”) + ‎-ia → ‎borghesia (“bourgeoisie”)
added to ethnonyms to derive place names
‎andaluso (“Andalusian”) + ‎-ia → ‎Andalusia (“Andalusia”)
used to derive technical and scientific terms, especially from Ancient Greek terms

Derived terms[edit]

Italian terms suffixed with -ia (stressed)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin -ia, ultimately from the same source as above.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ja/
- Hyphenation: -ia
(after palatal consonants) IPA^(key): /a/

Suffix[edit]

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ie)

(no longer productive) derivative suffix (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Partially from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ία (-ía) and -εια (-eia), and so ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂. This suffix may also represent a substantivization of the feminine form of -ius.

Suffix[edit]

-ia f (genitive -iae); first declension

Used to form a first declension feminine abstract noun, usually from an adjective ending in -us, or (rarely in later Latin) one ending in -ius, or from a present participle stem, and occasionally from a root noun.
affixed to participles:
‎absēns + ‎-ia → ‎absentia

‎dēmēns + ‎-ia → ‎dēmentia

‎valēns + ‎-ia → ‎valentia

affixed to adjectives:
‎audāx + ‎-ia → ‎audācia

‎angustus + ‎-ia → ‎angustia

‎fācundus + ‎-ia → ‎fācundia

‎ignāvus + ‎-ia → ‎ignāvia

‎opulentus + ‎-ia → ‎opulentia

affixed to nouns:
‎custōs + ‎-ia → ‎custōdia

‎mīles + ‎-ia → ‎mīlitia

‎victor + ‎-ia → ‎victōria

‎gōgrāvius + ‎-ia → ‎gōgrāvia (Medieval Latin)

Declension[edit]

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-ia	-iae
Genitive	-iae	-iārum
Dative	-iae	-iīs
Accusative	-iam	-iās
Ablative	-iā	-iīs
Vocative	-ia	-iae

Synonyms[edit]

-iēs

Derived terms[edit]

Latin terms suffixed with -ia

Descendants[edit]

Old French: -ie
- Middle French: -ie
  - French: -ie
- → Middle High German: -ie
- → Middle English: -ie
  - English: -y, -ie
Sicilian: -ia

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix[edit]

-ia

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of -s

Maori[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ia

a passive ending

Derived terms[edit]

Category Maori terms suffixed with -ia not found

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ja/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: -ia

Suffix[edit]

-ia f

-ia
‎akuszer + ‎-ia → ‎akuszeria

Declension[edit]

Declension of -ia

	singular	plural
nominative	-ia	-ie
genitive	-ii	-ii/-ij (archaic)
dative	-ii	-iom
accusative	-ię	-ie
instrumental	-ią	-iami
locative	-ii	-iach
vocative	-io	-ie

Derived terms[edit]

Polish terms suffixed with -ia

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈi.ɐ/

Rhymes: -iɐ

Etymology 1[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ias)

forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood
Synonyms: -idade, -ção

‎alegre (“joyful”) + ‎-ia → ‎alegria (“joy”)
(medicine) forms the names of medical conditions; -y; -ia
‎acéfalo (“acephalous”) + ‎-ia → ‎acefalia (“acephaly”)
forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship
Synonyms: -ado, -ato

‎governador (“governor”) + ‎-ia → ‎governadoria (“the job or office of a governor”)
forms placenames; -y; -ia
‎Brasil (“Brazil”) + ‎-ia → ‎Brasília (“Brasilia”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ia, from Latin -ēbam (first person) and -ēbat (third person). Cognate with Galician and Spanish -ía.

Suffix[edit]

-ia

a suffix indicating the first-person singular indicative imperfect of a verb in -er and -ir
‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comia (“[I] used to eat”)

‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-ia → ‎unia (“[I] used to unite”)
a suffix indicating the third-person singular indicative imperfect of a verb in -er and -ir
‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comia (“[he/she/it] used to eat”)

‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-ia → ‎unia (“[he/she/it] used to unite”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ia

appended to the infinitive, forms the first-person singular and third-person singular conditional of verbs
‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comeria (“I/he/she/it would eat”)

Spanish[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ias)

appears in feminine nouns, generally abstract, mostly inherited from Latin; -y
‎eficaz (“efficient”) + ‎-ia → ‎eficacia (“efficiency”)
forms placenames; -y; -ia
‎Brasil (“Brazil”) + ‎-ia → ‎Brasilia (“Brasilia”)

Derived terms[edit]

Spanish terms suffixed with -ia

Swahili[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

-lia/-lea

Suffix[edit]

-ia (mid vowel harmony variant -ea)

for (directed at, intended to belong to), applicative suffix
‎-lipa (“to pay”) + ‎-ia → ‎-lipia (“to pay for”)

‎-jibu (“to answer”) + ‎-ia → ‎-jibia (“to answer to/for”)

‎-soma (“to read”) + ‎-ea → ‎-somea (“to read to/for”)

Derived terms[edit]

Swahili terms suffixed with -ia

Swahili applicative verbs

-ia

Translingual[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Conjugation[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Interlingua[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Italian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Suffix[edit]

Declension[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Suffix[edit]