soma

See also: Soma, SoMa, somā, somă, Sōma, and søma

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsoʊmə/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsəʊmə/
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

Etymology 1

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

Noun

soma (plural somas or somata)

1. (anatomy) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail.
2. The corporeal body, as distinguished from the psyche or soul and the pneuma or spirit.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:body

3. (cytology) The bulbous part of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• resomation
• somal

• somatic
• somite

Related terms

• prosoma
• somato-
• -some

Translations

axial portion of an animal

• Finnish: ruumis (fi), soma (fi), sooma (fi)

• Italian: soma (it) m

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit सोम (sóma), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáwmas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwmas, from *su-.

Noun

soma (uncountable)

1. (hinduism) A ritual drink in ancient Vedic and continuing Hindu culture, obtained by pressing the Soma plant.
   • 2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books 2007, p. 82:

     Once he had drunk the intoxicating soma, he experienced an ascent to the gods without having to die a violent death, as in the old ritual.

2. (by extension) Any kind of intoxicating drug.
   • 1932, Aldous Huxley, Brave New World:

     […] there is always soma, delicious soma, half a gramme for a half-holiday, a gramme for a week-end, two grammes for a trip to the gorgeous East, three for a dark eternity on the moon […]

Alternative forms

• Soma

Related terms

• haoma

Anagrams

• -omas, Amos, MOAS, Samo, maos, moas, omas, soam

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Finnish

Etymology

Related to Ludian čoma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsomɑ/, [ˈs̠o̞mɑ]

Adjective

soma (comparative somempi, superlative somin)

1. pretty
2. cute, sweet

Declension

Inflection of soma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		soma	somat
genitive		soman	somien
partitive		somaa	somia
illative		somaan	somiin
		singular	plural
nominative		soma	somat
accusative	nom.	soma	somat
	gen.	soman
genitive		soman	somien somainrare
partitive		somaa	somia
inessive		somassa	somissa
elative		somasta	somista
illative		somaan	somiin
adessive		somalla	somilla
ablative		somalta	somilta
allative		somalle	somille
essive		somana	somina
translative		somaksi	somiksi
instructive		—	somin
abessive		somatta	somitta
comitative		—	somine

Anagrams

• Asmo, osma

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Galician

furrows (gl:regos) and ridges (somas) in a ploughed field

Etymology

From Old Portuguese soma, from Latin summa (“top”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsoma̝/

Noun

soma f (plural somas)

1. ridge (formed besides a furrow)

Synonyms

• lombeiro, márdea, mesa, sorrello

References

• “soma” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “soma” in Santamarina, Antón (dir.), Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja: Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (v 4.0). Santiago: ILG.
• “soma” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

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Italian

Etymology 1

From Late Latin sauma, from alteration of Latin sagma, from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma). Compare the doublet salma (“corpse”). Cognate to French somme (“packsaddle”).

Noun

soma f (plural some)

1. the load borne by a pack animal
2. the measure of the capacity of a given animal to bear a load
3. (poetic) a weight

Derived terms

• animale da soma
• bestia da soma
• someggiare

Etymology 2

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

Noun

soma m (plural somi)

1. (medicine) soma

Derived terms

• somatico
• somite

Anagrams

• Amos

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Italiot Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma).

Noun

soma n

1. Italiot dialect form of σώμα (sóma)

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Japanese

Romanization

soma

1. Rōmaji transcription of そま

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Latvian

Etymology 1

Ceļasoma

Mugursoma

Borrowed from Old East Slavic сума (suma) (compare Russian сума́ (sumá)), itself borrowed (via Polish) from Old High German soum (“burden”) (compare German Saum), from Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma) (whence also Latin sagma, sauma (“burden saddle, burden”)). The borrowing happened in the 13th century, when Old East Slavic у was still pronounced as [oː]. The word soma is first attested in 17th-century dictionaries with meanings such as “bread sack”, “bag”, “travel bag”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sūōma]

Noun

soma f (4th declension)

1. bag, pack (fabric, leather, etc. object with straps or handles, used for carrying small objects, groceries, etc.)

   pasta soma ― mail bag

   medību soma ― (hunting) game bag

   skolas soma ― satchel, school bag

   iepirkumu soma ― shopping bag

   ceļa soma, ceļasoma ― suitcase (lit. travelling bag)

   rokas soma, rokassoma ― purse (lit. hand bag)

   mugursoma ― backpack, knapsack, rucksack

2. (biology, anatomy) pouch (skin fold in marsupials to keep a newborn baby)

   ķengura soma ― kangaroo pouch

Declension

Declension of soma (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	soma	somas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	somu	somas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	somas	somu
dative (datīvs)	somai	somām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	somu	somām
locative (lokatīvs)	somā	somās
vocative (vokatīvs)	soma	somas

Derived terms

• ceļasoma
• mugursoma
• rokassoma

See also

• maiss

Etymology 2

See soms.

Noun

soma m

1. genitive singular form of soms

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Portuguese

soma (1)

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese soma, from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈso.mɐ/
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

Noun

soma f (plural somas)

1. (arithmetic) sum (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)
2. sum (quantity of money)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈso.mɐ/
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

Noun

soma m (plural somas)

1. (anatomy, cytology) soma

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit सोम (sóma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sauma, from Proto-Indo-European *sew(h)-.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.mɐ/
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

Noun

soma m (plural somas)

1. (religion) soma

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.mɐ/
• Hyphenation: so‧ma

Verb

soma

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of somar
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of somar

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French sommer.

Verb

a soma (third-person singular present somează, past participle somat) 1st conj.

1. to summon

Conjugation

    conjugation of soma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a soma
gerund			somând
past participle			somat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	somez	somezi	somează	somăm	somați	somează
	imperfect	somam	somai	soma	somam	somați	somau
	simple perfect	somai	somași	somă	somarăm	somarăți	somară
	pluperfect	somasem	somaseși	somase	somaserăm	somaserăți	somaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să somez	să somezi	să someze	să somăm	să somați	să someze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		somează			somați
	negative		nu soma			nu somați

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Rwanda-Rundi

Verb

soma

1. to read

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Swahili

Etymology

Of Bantu origin.

Verb

-soma (infinitive kusoma)

1. to read

Conjugation

Conjugation of -soma
Non-finite forms
Form					Positive							Negative
Infinitive					kusoma							kutosoma
Simple finite forms
Positive form					Singular							Plural
Imperative					soma							someni
Habitual					husoma
Complex finite forms
Polarity	Persons				Persons / Classes		Classes
	1st		2nd		3rd / M-wa		M-mi		Ma		Ki-vi		N		U	Ku	Pa	Mu
	Sg.	Pl.	Sg.	Pl.	Sg. / 1	Pl. / 2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11 / 14	15 / 17	16	18
Past Positive nilisoma nalisoma tulisoma twalisoma ulisoma walisoma mlisoma mwalisoma alisoma walisoma ulisoma ilisoma lilisoma yalisoma kilisoma vilisoma ilisoma zilisoma ulisoma kulisoma palisoma mulisoma Relative niliosoma naliosoma tuliosoma twaliosoma uliosoma waliosoma mliosoma mwaliosoma aliosoma waliosoma uliosoma iliosoma liliosoma yaliosoma kiliosoma viliosoma iliosoma ziliosoma uliosoma kuliosoma paliosoma muliosoma Negative sikusoma hatukusoma hukusoma hamkusoma hakusoma hawakusoma haukusoma haikusoma halikusoma hayakusoma hakikusoma havikusoma haikusoma hazikusoma haukusoma hakukusoma hapakusoma hamukusoma
Present Positive ninasoma nasoma tunasoma unasoma mnasoma anasoma wanasoma unasoma inasoma linasoma yanasoma kinasoma vinasoma inasoma zinasoma unasoma kunasoma panasoma munasoma Relative ninaosoma naosoma tunaosoma unaosoma mnaosoma anaosoma wanaosoma unaosoma inaosoma linaosoma yanaosoma kinaosoma vinaosoma inaosoma zinaosoma unaosoma kunaosoma panaosoma munaosoma Negative sisomi hatusomi husomi hamsomi hasomi hawasomi hausomi haisomi halisomi hayasomi hakisomi havisomi haisomi hazisomi hausomi hakusomi hapasomi hamusomi
Future Positive nitasoma tutasoma utasoma mtasoma atasoma watasoma utasoma itasoma litasoma yatasoma kitasoma vitasoma itasoma zitasoma utasoma kutasoma patasoma mutasoma Relative nitakaosoma tutakaosoma utakaosoma mtakaosoma atakaosoma watakaosoma utakaosoma itakaosoma litakaosoma yatakaosoma kitakaosoma vitakaosoma itakaosoma zitakaosoma utakaosoma kutakaosoma patakaosoma mutakaosoma Negative sitasoma hatutasoma hutasoma hamtasoma hatasoma hawatasoma hautasoma haitasoma halitasoma hayatasoma hakitasoma havitasoma haitasoma hazitasoma hautasoma hakutasoma hapatasoma hamutasoma
Subjunctive Positive nisome tusome usome msome asome wasome usome isome lisome yasome kisome visome isome zisome usome kusome pasome musome Negative nisisome tusisome usisome msisome asisome wasisome usisome isisome lisisome yasisome kisisome visisome isisome zisisome usisome kusisome pasisome musisome
Present Conditional Positive ningesoma tungesoma ungesoma mngesoma angesoma wangesoma ungesoma ingesoma lingesoma yangesoma kingesoma vingesoma ingesoma zingesoma ungesoma kungesoma pangesoma mungesoma Negative nisingesoma singesoma tusingesoma hatungesoma usingesoma hungesoma msingesoma hamngesoma asingesoma hangesoma wasingesoma hawangesoma usingesoma haungesoma isingesoma haingesoma lisingesoma halingesoma yasingesoma hayangesoma kisingesoma hakingesoma visingesoma havingesoma isingesoma haingesoma zisingesoma hazingesoma usingesoma haungesoma kusingesoma hakungesoma pasingesoma hapangesoma musingesoma hamungesoma
Past Conditional Positive ningalisoma tungalisoma ungalisoma mngalisoma angalisoma wangalisoma ungalisoma ingalisoma lingalisoma yangalisoma kingalisoma vingalisoma ingalisoma zingalisoma ungalisoma kungalisoma pangalisoma mungalisoma Negative nisingalisoma singalisoma tusingalisoma hatungalisoma usingalisoma hungalisoma msingalisoma hamngalisoma asingalisoma hangalisoma wasingalisoma hawangalisoma usingalisoma haungalisoma isingalisoma haingalisoma lisingalisoma halingalisoma yasingalisoma hayangalisoma kisingalisoma hakingalisoma visingalisoma havingalisoma isingalisoma haingalisoma zisingalisoma hazingalisoma usingalisoma haungalisoma kusingalisoma hakungalisoma pasingalisoma hapangalisoma musingalisoma hamungalisoma
Conditional Contrary to Fact Positive ningelisoma tungelisoma ungelisoma mngelisoma angelisoma wangelisoma ungelisoma ingelisoma lingelisoma yangelisoma kingelisoma vingelisoma ingelisoma zingelisoma ungelisoma kungelisoma pangelisoma mungelisoma
General Relative Positive nisomao tusomao usomao msomao asomao wasomao usomao isomao lisomao yasomao kisomao visomao isomao zisomao usomao kusomao pasomao musomao Negative nisiosoma tusiosoma usiosoma msiosoma asiosoma wasiosoma usiosoma isiosoma lisiosoma yasiosoma kisiosoma visiosoma isiosoma zisiosoma usiosoma kusiosoma pasiosoma musiosoma
Gnomic Positive nasoma twasoma wasoma mwasoma asoma wasoma wasoma yasoma lasoma yasoma chasoma vyasoma yasoma zasoma wasoma kwasoma pasoma mwasoma
Perfect Positive nimesoma tumesoma umesoma mmesoma amesoma wamesoma umesoma imesoma limesoma yamesoma kimesoma vimesoma imesoma zimesoma umesoma kumesoma pamesoma mumesoma
"Already" Positive nimeshasoma tumeshasoma umeshasoma mmeshasoma ameshasoma wameshasoma umeshasoma imeshasoma limeshasoma yameshasoma kimeshasoma vimeshasoma imeshasoma zimeshasoma umeshasoma kumeshasoma pameshasoma mumeshasoma
"Not yet" Negative sijasoma hatujasoma hujasoma hamjasoma hajasoma hawajasoma haujasoma haijasoma halijasoma hayajasoma hakijasoma havijasoma haijasoma hazijasoma haujasoma hakujasoma hapajasoma hamujasoma
"If/When" Positive nikisoma tukisoma ukisoma mkisoma akisoma wakisoma ukisoma ikisoma likisoma yakisoma kikisoma vikisoma ikisoma zikisoma ukisoma kukisoma pakisoma mukisoma
"If not" Negative nisiposoma tusiposoma usiposoma msiposoma asiposoma wasiposoma usiposoma isiposoma lisiposoma yasiposoma kisiposoma visiposoma isiposoma zisiposoma usiposoma kusiposoma pasiposoma musiposoma
Consecutive Positive nikasoma tukasoma ukasoma mkasoma akasoma wakasoma ukasoma ikasoma likasoma yakasoma kikasoma vikasoma ikasoma zikasoma ukasoma kukasoma pakasoma mukasoma
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -somea
  • Causative: -somesha (“make read, educate”)
  • Passive: -somwa
  • Stative: -someka (“be legible”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • msoma (“reader”)
  • msomaji (“reader”)
  • somo (“lesson”)

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Swazi

Verb

-sóma

1. to court, to flirt, to date

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Turkish

Noun

soma

1. dative singular of som