summa

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See also: Summa, summą, and šumma

English

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Etymology

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From Latin summa.

Noun

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summa (plural summas or summae)

  1. A comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy.
  2. (figuratively) A culmination or archetypal example.
    • 1987, Svetlana Alpers, “The Mapping Impulse in Dutch Art”, in David Woodward, editor, Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays, page 57:
      In size, scope, and graphic ambition [the map] is a summa of the mapping art of the day, represented in paint by Vermeer.
    • 1993, Franca Falletti, The David and the Accademia Gallery, page 6:
      The painting is a “summa” of the various trends that intertwined and developed during those crucial years of the early sixteenth century in Florence.
    • 1999, Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers, page 93:
      Rockefeller Center is at once a summa of the Art Deco style, and a look ahead to the Internationalist style that dominated after World War II.
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Anagrams

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Estonian

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Etymology

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From Latin summa.

Noun

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summa (genitive summa, partitive summat)

  1. sum

Declension

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Declension of summa (type pere)
singular plural
nominative summa summad
genitive summa summade
partitive summat summasid
illative summasse summadesse
inessive summas summades
elative summast summadest
allative summale summadele
adessive summal summadel
ablative summalt summadelt
translative summaks summadeks
terminative summani summadeni
essive summana summadena
abessive summata summadeta
comitative summaga summadega

Further reading

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  • “summa”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
  • “summa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
  • “summa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
  • summa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin summa, probably through Swedish summa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umːɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umːɑ
  • Syllabification(key): sum‧ma

Noun

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summa

  1. sum (result of addition)
  2. (in particular) sum, amount (especially of money)
    Synonyms: rahasumma, potti
  3. (mathematics, uncommon) addition
    Synonyms: yhteenlasku, pluslasku, summaus

Declension

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Inflection of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative summa summat
genitive summan summien
partitive summaa summia
illative summaan summiin
singular plural
nominative summa summat
accusative nom. summa summat
gen. summan
genitive summan summien
summain rare
partitive summaa summia
inessive summassa summissa
elative summasta summista
illative summaan summiin
adessive summalla summilla
ablative summalta summilta
allative summalle summille
essive summana summina
translative summaksi summiksi
abessive summatta summitta
instructive — summin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of summa (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative summani summani
accusative nom. summani summani
gen. summani
genitive summani summieni
summaini rare
partitive summaani summiani
inessive summassani summissani
elative summastani summistani
illative summaani summiini
adessive summallani summillani
ablative summaltani summiltani
allative summalleni summilleni
essive summanani summinani
translative summakseni summikseni
abessive summattani summittani
instructive — —
comitative — summineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative summasi summasi
accusative nom. summasi summasi
gen. summasi
genitive summasi summiesi
summaisi rare
partitive summaasi summiasi
inessive summassasi summissasi
elative summastasi summistasi
illative summaasi summiisi
adessive summallasi summillasi
ablative summaltasi summiltasi
allative summallesi summillesi
essive summanasi summinasi
translative summaksesi summiksesi
abessive summattasi summittasi
instructive — —
comitative — summinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative summamme summamme
accusative nom. summamme summamme
gen. summamme
genitive summamme summiemme
summaimme rare
partitive summaamme summiamme
inessive summassamme summissamme
elative summastamme summistamme
illative summaamme summiimme
adessive summallamme summillamme
ablative summaltamme summiltamme
allative summallemme summillemme
essive summanamme summinamme
translative summaksemme summiksemme
abessive summattamme summittamme
instructive — —
comitative — summinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative summanne summanne
accusative nom. summanne summanne
gen. summanne
genitive summanne summienne
summainne rare
partitive summaanne summianne
inessive summassanne summissanne
elative summastanne summistanne
illative summaanne summiinne
adessive summallanne summillanne
ablative summaltanne summiltanne
allative summallenne summillenne
essive summananne summinanne
translative summaksenne summiksenne
abessive summattanne summittanne
instructive — —
comitative — summinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative summansa summansa
accusative nom. summansa summansa
gen. summansa
genitive summansa summiensa
summainsa rare
partitive summaansa summiaan
summiansa
inessive summassaan
summassansa 		summissaan
summissansa
elative summastaan
summastansa 		summistaan
summistansa
illative summaansa summiinsa
adessive summallaan
summallansa 		summillaan
summillansa
ablative summaltaan
summaltansa 		summiltaan
summiltansa
allative summalleen
summallensa 		summilleen
summillensa
essive summanaan
summanansa 		summinaan
summinansa
translative summakseen
summaksensa 		summikseen
summiksensa
abessive summattaan
summattansa 		summittaan
summittansa
instructive — —
comitative — summineen
summinensa

Derived terms

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adjectives
adverbs
verbs
compounds
idioms

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Icelandic

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Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia is

Etymology

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From Latin summa (“sum, summary, total”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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summa f (genitive singular summu, nominative plural summur)

  1. (arithmetic) a sum; (a quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)

Declension

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    Declension of summa
f-w1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative summa summan summur summurnar
accusative summu summuna summur summurnar
dative summu summunni summum summunum
genitive summu summunnar summa summanna

Derived terms

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian сумма (summa).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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summa

  1. sum, amount
  2. (arithmetic) sum (result of an addition)
    • 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by Mihailov and D. I. Efimov, Arifmetiikan oppikirja alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:
      Cislaa 132 kutsutaa summaks, a cisloja 38, 36, 32 ja 26 — lisättäviks.
      The number 132 is called the sum, and the numbers 38, 36, 32 and 26 are called the summands.

Declension

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Declension of summa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative summa summat
genitive summan summiin
partitive summaa summia
illative summaa summii
inessive summaas summiis
elative summast summist
allative summalle summille
adessive summaal summiil
ablative summalt summilt
translative summaks summiks
essive summanna, summaan summinna, summiin
exessive1) summant summint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

Latin

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Etymology 1

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From summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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summa f (genitive summae); first declension

  1. top, summit, highest point or place
  2. the principal or main thing
  3. (also mathematics) sum, summary, total
  4. (Medieval Latin) the quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
    • c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:
      Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti
      A sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.
Declension
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First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative summa summae
Genitive summae summārum
Dative summae summīs
Accusative summam summās
Ablative summā summīs
Vocative summa summae
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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summa

  1. inflection of summus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

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summā

  1. ablative feminine singular of summus

Etymology 3

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From summum (“highest place”), from summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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summa

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of summum

References

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  • “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • summa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • summa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire
    • to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
    • to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
    • to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
    • to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere
    • to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
    • to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch: aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39)
    • to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei
    • to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
    • to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
    • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
    • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
    • to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
    • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    • (ambiguous) the surface of the water: summa aqua
    • (ambiguous) in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
    • (ambiguous) to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar: in summa egestate or mendicitate esse
    • (ambiguous) to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
    • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: dignitas est summa in aliquo
    • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: summa dignitate praeditum esse
    • (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
    • (ambiguous) to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence: summa gloria florere
    • (ambiguous) ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio)
    • (ambiguous) the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
    • (ambiguous) to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
    • (ambiguous) to stand in very intimate relations to some one: summa necessitudine aliquem contingere
    • (ambiguous) to be in severe pecuniary straits: in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69)
    • (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
    • (ambiguous) to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    • (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
    • (ambiguous) deep peace: summa pax

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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summa

  1. inflection of summe:
    1. simple past
    2. past participle

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsum.ma/
  • Rhymes: -umma
  • Syllabification: sum‧ma

Noun

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summa f

  1. (historical) summa (medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe)
  2. summa (comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy)
    Synonym: podsumowanie
  3. summa (culmination or archetypal example)

Declension

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Declension of summa
singular plural
nominative summa summy
genitive summy summ
dative summie summom
accusative summę summy
instrumental summą summami
locative summie summach
vocative summo summy

Further reading

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  • summa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • summa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • summa in PWN's encyclopedia

Swedish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin summa.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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summa c

  1. sum, result of addition
  2. amount of money

Declension

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Declension of summa
nominative genitive
singular indefinite summa summas
definite summan summans
plural indefinite summor summors
definite summorna summornas

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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