ton
Translingual[edit]
Symbol[edit]
ton
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (plural tons)
- Any of various units of mass, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
- The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
- The long ton of 2240 pounds (about 1016 kg), 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.
- The metric ton of 1000 kilograms, 10 quintals of 100 kilograms each.
- Any of various units of volume, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
- The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).
- The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).
- (figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.
- I’ve got a ton of work to do.
- I've got tons of work to do.
- (HVAC) A unit of thermal power equal to 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.5 kW), approximating the idealized rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of 1 short ton of ice per day at 0°C.
- (slang, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly
- 100 pounds sterling.
- (darts, snooker, etc.) 100 points.
- (cricket) 100 runs.
- A speed of 100 mph.
- 1970, Mungo Jerry (lyrics and music), “In The Summertime”, in In The Summertime:
- Speed along the lane / Do a ton or a ton and twenty-five
- 2008, Damon Beesley & Iain Morris, "Caravan Club", The Inbetweeners Series 1, Episode 5, E4:
- Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top a ton.
Neil: Bollocks!
- Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
- 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:
- The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton.
Synonyms[edit]
- (traditional unit of mass equivalent to a tun): tonelada (Spanish and Portuguese contexts)
- (any hyperbolically or oppressively large amount): See Thesaurus:lot
- (slang for 100 points in darts &c.): tonne
- (slang for 100 cricket runs): century
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Translations[edit]
|
|
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (uncountable)
- Fashion, the current style, the vogue.
- 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 191:
- A clergyman cannot be high in state or fashion. He must not head mobs, or set the ton in dress.
- 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:
- If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish.
- Fashionable society; those in style.
- 1790, Amelia Opie, chapter 13, in Dangers of Coquetry, volume I:
- [S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of the ton […] .
- 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron], Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John Hunt, […], →OCLC, canto XIII, (please specify the stanza number):
- The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of the ton.
- 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
- Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man of ton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (plural tons)
- Synonym of tunny, particularly the common tunny or horse mackerel.
Anagrams[edit]
Antillean Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.
In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.
Determiner[edit]
ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)
- your (singular)
Usage notes[edit]
The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.
The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- “ton” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chuukese[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton
Crimean Tatar[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton
Derived terms[edit]
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)
- ton (unit of weight)
See also[edit]
Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Dutch tonne, from Medieval Latin tunna.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)
- barrel
- ton (1000 kilograms)
- 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders
- Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.
- Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.
- 140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden
- A large amount.
- Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Finnish[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ton
- (colloquial) genitive singular of toi
- (colloquial) accusative singular of toi
Anagrams[edit]
French[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /tɔ̃/, (before a vowel) /tɔ̃.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/
- (Quebec) IPA(key): /tõ/, (before a vowel) /tõ.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/
audio (file) - Homophone: thon
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.
Determiner[edit]
ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)
- (possessive) your
- Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?
- Did you remember to bring your book?
- Ton écriture est jolie.
- Your writing is pretty.
- J'aime beaucoup ton manteau.
- I really like your coat.
Usage notes[edit]
Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However, ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.
Noun[edit]
ton m (plural tons)
- tone (sound of a particular frequency)
- (music) tone (interval)
- tone (manner of speaking)
- tone, shade (of colour)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- → Turkish: ton
Further reading[edit]
- “ton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Friulian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansch tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.
Noun[edit]
ton m (plural tons)
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.
Noun[edit]
ton m (plural tons)
Etymology 3[edit]
Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.
Noun[edit]
ton m (plural tons)
Fula[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- (Pulaar) to
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Adverb[edit]
ton
- (Pular) there, over there
- Hammadi Sammba ko leydi Funnaange iwi. Wolarɓe Labe ɓen kadi ko ton iwi.
- Hammadi Samba came from a region situated in the East. The Wolarɓe of Labe also came from over there.
Usage notes[edit]
- Used anaphorically
References[edit]
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
Haitian Creole[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton
Hausa[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
tôn m
- ton (unit of weight)
Indonesian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Dutch ton, from Middle Dutch tonne, from Old French [Term?], from Latin tunna, tonna, itself from a Celtic word cognate to Irish tonn (“skin”).
Noun[edit]
ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)
- ton:
- tonne, metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms.
- register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3.
- long ton, weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg).
- displacement ton
- (colloquial) A thousand rupiah.
Related terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Dutch toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.
Noun[edit]
ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)
- alternative form of tona (“tone”)
Further reading[edit]
- “ton” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun[edit]
ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)
- (biology, literature, music) tone
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- aontonach (“monotonous; monotonic”, adj)
- aontonacht f (“monotonicity”)
- aonton m (“monotone”)
- hipeartonach (“hypertonic”, adj)
- hipeartonacht f (“hypertonicity”)
- iltonach (“polytonal”, adj)
- tonúil (“tonal”, adj)
Mutation[edit]
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
ton | thon | dton |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Japanese[edit]
Romanization[edit]
ton
Middle English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old English tān; equivalent to to + -en (plural suffix).
Noun[edit]
ton
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin tuus, tuum.
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)
- your (second-person singular possessive)
Descendants[edit]
- French: ton
Old Javanese[edit]
Verb[edit]
ton
Old Occitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)
- tuna (fish)
References[edit]
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “thynnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 13: T–Ti, page 318
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton m inan
- (linguistics, music) tone
- Synonyms: barwa, brzmienie, zabarwienie
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- ton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ton in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton m (plural toni)
Declension[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from French ton, from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.
Noun[edit]
ton n (plural tonuri)
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
tȏn m (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)
Declension[edit]
Skolt Sami[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Samic *tonë.
Pronoun[edit]
ton
- you (singular)
Inflection[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Spanish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Rhymes: -on
Noun[edit]
ton m (uncountable)
- acopocic of tono
Further reading[edit]
- “ton”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton n
Declension[edit]
Declension of ton | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ton | tonnet | ton | tonnen |
Genitive | tons | tonnets | tons | tonnens |
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton c
- tone (sound of a particular frequency)
- (music) tone (interval)
- tone (behaviour)
- att hålla god ton ― to talk politely (e.g. in a debate)
- tone, shade (of colour)
Declension[edit]
Declension of ton | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ton | tonen | toner | tonerna |
Genitive | tons | tonens | toners | tonernas |
Related terms[edit]
- grundton
- halvton
- tona
- tonal
- tonalitet
- tonarm
- tonart
- tonband
- tonbildning
- tondikt
- tondöv
- tonem
- toner
- tonfall
- tonföljd
- tongenerator
- tongivande
- tongång
- tonhuvud
- tonhöjd
- tonika
- toning
- tonkonst
- tonkonstnär
- tonkontroll
- tonlig
- tonläge
- tonlös
- tonlöshet
- tonmålning
- tonomfång
- tonskala
- tonspråk
- tonsteg
- tonstycke
- tonstyrka
- tonstöt
- tonsäker
- tonsäkerhet
- tonsätta
- tonsättare
- tonsättarinna
- tonsättning
- tonträff
- tonträffning
- tonvalstelefon
- tonvikt
References[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Ter Sami[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Samic *tonë.
Pronoun[edit]
ton
- you (singular)
Further reading[edit]
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Ternate[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton
- Alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)
References[edit]
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Turkish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
- tone (all senses)
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
Etymology 3[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
- tuna
- Synonym: ton balığı
Volapük[edit]
Noun[edit]
ton (nominative plural tons)
Declension[edit]
Welsh[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.
Noun[edit]
ton f (plural tonnau)
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).
Noun[edit]
ton m (plural tonnau)
- ley, unploughed land
Derived terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
ton | don | nhon | thon |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Zuni[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ton
- Second person dual subject (medial position)
- you two
- Second person plural subject (medial position)
- you (three or more)
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-2
- ISO 639-3
- English terms derived from Old French
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- en:Darts
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- en:Money
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- chk:Light
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- crh:Clothing
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- ht:Scombroids
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- ha:Units of measure
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- ga:Biology
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- ro:Fish
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- sv:Music
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- tr:Fish
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