ton

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ton"

Languages (41)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Tongan.

Symbol

ton

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tongan.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Tongan terms

English

This solid concrete block weighs one metric ton.

This Smart car weighs roughly one short ton.

Etymology 1

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʌn/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Audio (Australia):

    (file)

• (Northern England, Ireland) IPA^(key): /tʊn/
• Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun

ton (plural tons)

2. Any of various units of mass, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:
   2. The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
   4. The long ton of 2240 pounds (about 1016 kg), 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.
   6. The metric ton of 1000 kilograms (about 2205 lb), 10 quintals of 100 kilograms each.

      Synonyms: tonne, metric ton, megagram

4. Any of various units of volume, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:
   1. The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).
   2. The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).
6. (figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.

   Synonyms: shitton, fuckton; see also Thesaurus:lot

   I’ve got a ton of work to do.

   I've got tons of work to do.

8. (HVAC) A unit of thermal power equal to 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.5 kW), approximating the idealized rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of 1 short ton of ice per day at 0°C.

   Synonyms: ton of refrigeration, refrigeration ton, TR, RT

   Their main problem is that they somehow believe that a 12-ton unit can handle this entire building.

10. (colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly:
    2. 100 pounds sterling.
    4. (darts, snooker, etc.) 100 points.

       Synonym: tonne

    6. (cricket) 100 runs.

       Synonym: century

    8. A speed of 100 mph (160 km/h).
       • 1970, Mungo Jerry, “In The Summertime”, in In The Summertime:

         Speed along the lane / Do a ton or a ton and twenty-five

       • 1976, “Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die”, in Ian Anderson (lyrics), Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!, performed by Jethro Tull:

         So the old Rocker gets out his bike
         To make a ton before he takes his leave.

       • 2008, Damon Beesley, Iain Morris, “Caravan Club”, in The Inbetweeners, Series 1, Episode 5, E4:

         Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
         Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top a ton.
         Neil: Bollocks!

       • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:

         The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton.

Derived terms

• assay ton
• asston
• a ton
• available ton mile
• butt-ton
• by the ton
• crapton
• cubic ton
• deadweight ton
• displacement ton
• exaton
• foot-ton
• freight ton
• fuckton
• gigaton
• gross register ton
• half-ton
• hit like a ton of bricks
• hoppus ton
• kiloton
• like a ton of bricks
• long ton
• measurement ton
• megaton
• metric ton
• multiton
• net register ton
• petaton
• Prussian ton
• register ton
• shipping ton
• shitton
• short ton
• teraton
• thanks a ton
• tonload
• ton mile
• ton-mile
• ton mileage
• tonner
• ton of refrigeration
• ton of TNT
• ton-up
• weigh a ton
• yottaton
• zettaton

Related terms

• tonelada

Descendants

• → Tokelauan: tone, tane

Translations

various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun

• Albanian: ton (sq) m, tonelatë (sq) f
• Arabic: طُن m (ṭun) ((plural:) أَطْنَان m pl (ʔaṭnān))
• Armenian: տոննա (hy) (tonna)
• Azerbaijani: ton (az)
• Belarusian: то́на f (tóna)
• Bengali: টন (bn) (ṭon)
• Bulgarian: тон (bg) m (ton)
• Burmese: တန် (my) (tan)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 噸 / 吨 (zh) (dūn, dùn), 公噸 / 公吨 (zh) (gōngdūn, gōngdùn)

• Czech: tuna (cs) f
• Danish: ton (da) n or c
• Dutch: ton (nl) m or f
• Esperanto: tuno
• Estonian: tonn (et)
• Faroese: tons n
• Finnish: tonni (fi)
• French: tonne (fr) f
• Georgian: ტონა (ṭona)
• German: Tonne (de) f
• Greek: τόνος (el) m (tónos)
• Hebrew: טוֹן (he) m (ton), טוֹנָה (he) f (tóna)
• Hindi: टन (hi) m (ṭan)
• Hungarian: tonna (hu)
• Icelandic: tonn (is) n
• Ido: tuno (io)
• Indonesian: ton (id)
• Italian: tonnellata (it) f
• Japanese: トン (ja) (ton)
• Kazakh: тонна (tonna)
• Khmer: តោន (km) (taon), តូន (km) (toun)
• Korean: 톤 (ko) (ton)
• Kyrgyz: тонна (ky) (tonna)
• Lao: ຕັນ (tan), ໂຕນ (tōn)
• Latvian: tonna f
• Lithuanian: tona (lt) f
• Lü: ᦎᧃ (ṫan), ᦎᦷᧃ (ṫon)
• Macedonian: тон m (ton)
• Malay: tan (ms)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тонн (mn) (tonn)

  Mongolian script: ᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ (ton)

• Norman: tonné f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: tonn n

• Pashto: ټن m (ṭan)
• Persian:

  Dari: تَن (tan)

  Iranian Persian: تُن (ton)

• Polish: tona (pl) f
• Portuguese: tonelada (pt) f
• Romanian: tonă (ro) f
• Russian: то́нна (ru) f (tónna)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: то̏на f

  Latin: tȍna (sh) f

• Sinhalese: ටොන් (ṭon)
• Slovak: tona f
• Slovene: ton (sl) m
• Spanish: tonelada (es) f
• Swahili: tani class n
• Swedish: ton (sv) n
• Tagalog: tonelada
• Tajik: тонна (tonna)
• Tatar: тонн (tonn), тонна (tonna)
• Thai: ตัน (th) (dtan), โตน (dtoon)

  Northern Thai: ᨲᩢ᩠ᨶ, ᨲᩰᩫ᩠ᨶ

• Turkish: ton (tr)
• Turkmen: tonna
• Ukrainian: то́нна (uk) f (tónna)
• Urdu: ٹَن (ur) m (ṭan)
• Uyghur: توننا (tonna)
• Uzbek: tonna (uz)
• Vietnamese: tấn (vi)
• Yiddish: טאַן (tan)
• Yoruba: tọ́ọ̀nù

short ton — see short ton

long ton — see long ton

metric ton — see metric ton

measurement ton — see measurement ton

register ton — see register ton

any hyperbolically or oppressively large amount

• Finnish: läjäpäin (fi)
• French: tonne (fr) f, flopée (fr) f
• Hungarian: rengeteg (hu), (egy) rakás, (egy) halom, egy csomó
• Russian: куча (ru) f (kuča)
• Spanish: a base de bien, a cholón (es), a cascoporro (es), a porrillo, a espuertas, a mansalva (es), a punta de pala, a patadas
• Swedish: ton (sv), tonvis (sv)
• Tagalog: tone-tonelada

slang: speed of 100 mph

• Finnish: satanen (fi) (note that km/h is used in Finland and thus satanen is generally understood as 100 km/h or about 60 mph; 100 mph is around 160 km/h)
• Hungarian: száz mérföld per óra, óránként száz mérföld(-es sebesség)

slang: £100

• Finnish: satanen (fi), satku (fi), huntti (fi) (of any currency)
• Hungarian: száz font

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /tɔ̃/, /tɒn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

ton (uncountable)

1. Fashion, the current style, the vogue.
   • 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 191:

     A clergyman cannot be high in state or fashion. He must not head mobs, or set the ton in dress.

   • 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:

     If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish.

2. Fashionable society; those in style.
   • 1790, Amelia Opie, chapter 13, in Dangers of Coquetry, volume I:

     [S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of the ton […] .

   • 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron], Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John Hunt, […], →OCLC, canto XIII, (please specify the stanza number):

     The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of the ton.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC:

     Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man of ton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.

   • 2000, Julia Quinn, The Duke and I (Bridgerton):

     He had no plans to marry. Ever. And there wasn’t much point in attending ton parties if one wasn’t looking for a wife.

Derived terms

• tonish

Related terms

• bon ton
• haut ton

Etymology 3

Noun

ton (plural tons)

1. Synonym of tunny, particularly the common tunny or horse mackerel.

See also

• pros ton kairon (etymologically unrelated)

Anagrams

• Not., Ont, not., NTO, TNO, Not, NOT, not, Ont., ONT, on't

Antillean Creole

Etymology

From French thon.

Noun

ton

1. tuna

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.

In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /tun/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /ton/ (always unstressed)

Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)

1. your (singular)

Usage notes

• The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.

The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.

See also

• teu

References

• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “ton”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈtun]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈton]

Verb

ton

1. inflection of tondre:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Chuukese

Noun

ton

1. torch

Cornish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle English ton, from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Indo-European *tónos.

Noun

ton m (plural tonyow)

1. melody, tone, tune

Derived terms

• didon (“tuneless”)

Mutation

Mutation of ton

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
ton	don	thon	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• “ton” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Crimean Tatar

Noun

ton (accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. fur coat

Derived terms

• şontuq ton: short fur

Danish

Etymology

From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʌn/
• Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun

ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)

1. tonne, metric ton (unit of weight, equivalent to 1000 kilograms)

See also

• kilo, kilogram, kg

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch tonne, Old Dutch tunna, from Medieval Latin tunna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ton
• Rhymes: -ɔn

Noun

ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)

1. barrel
2. ton (1000 kilograms)
3. 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders

   Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.

   Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.

   140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden

4. a large amount

   Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.

Derived terms

• karnton
• regenton
• tonnage
• waterton

Descendants

• Afrikaans: ton
• Negerhollands: ton, tono
• Petjo: tong
• → Caribbean Javanese: thong
• → Indonesian: ton

Elfdalian

Noun

ton f

1. toe

Finnish

Pronoun

ton

1. (colloquial) genitive singular of toi
2. (colloquial) accusative singular of toi

Anagrams

• -nto

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tum. Doublet of tin (possessive pronoun).

Determiner

ton (feminine ta, masculine plural tos or tes, feminine plural tes) (ORB, broad)

1. your (second-personal singular possessor)

See also

Franco-Provençal possessive determiners

			possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f	m	f
possessor	singular	1st	mon	ma	mos	mes
		2nd	ton	ta	tos	tes
		3rd	son	sa	sos	ses
	plural	1st	noutron	noutra	noutros	noutres
		2nd	voutron	voutra	voutros	voutres
		3rd	lor		lors

References

• ton in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• ton in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔ̃/, (before a vowel) /tɔ̃.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/
• (Quebec) IPA^(key): /tõ/, (before a vowel) /tõ.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada (Shawinigan)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ̃
• Homophone: thon

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.

Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

1. (possessive) your

   Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?

   Did you remember to bring your book?

   Ton écriture est jolie.

   Your writing is pretty.

   J'aime beaucoup ton manteau.

   I really like your coat.

Usage notes

Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However, ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.

Derived terms

• tondit

Related terms

French possessive determiners

			possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
² Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ten-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *tónos

Proto-Hellenic *tónos

Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos)der.

Latin tonusbor.

French ton

Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. tone (sound of a particular frequency)
2. (music) tone (interval)

   Il y a un ton entre do et ré

   Doh and ray are separated by one tone.

3. tone (manner of speaking)

   Je n'aime pas le ton sur lequel tu me parles!

   I don’t like your tone! (I don’t like the way you are talking to me!)

4. tone, shade (of colour)

   Différents tons de rouge.

   Several shades of red.

Derived terms

• baisser d'un ton
• de bon ton
• donner le ton
• hausser le ton

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: ton
• → Turkish: ton

Further reading

• “ton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Anagrams

• ont

Friulian

Etymology 1

From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansh tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. thunder

Related terms

• tonâ

Etymology 2

From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. tuna

Etymology 3

Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.

Noun

ton m (plural tons)

1. tone

Fula

Alternative forms

• (Pulaar) to

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Adverb

ton

1. (Pular) there, over there

   Hammadi Sammba ko leydi Funnaange iwi. Wolarɓe Labe ɓen kadi ko ton iwi.

   Hammadi Samba came from a region situated in the East. The Wolarɓe of Labe also came from over there.

Usage notes

• Used anaphorically

References

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔ̃/

Etymology 1

From French ton.

Noun

ton

1. tone

Etymology 2

From French thon.

Noun

ton

1. tuna

References

• Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[3], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 192

Hausa

Etymology

Borrowed from English ton.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tón/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [táŋ]

Noun

tôn m

1. ton (unit of weight)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈton/ [ˈt̪on]
• Rhymes: -on
• Syllabification: ton

Etymology 1

From Dutch ton, from Middle Dutch tonne, from Old French [Term?], from Latin tunna, tonna, itself from a Celtic word cognate to Irish tonn (“skin”).

Noun

ton (plural ton-ton)

1. ton:
   1. tonne, metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms
   2. register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m³
   3. long ton, weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg)
   4. displacement ton
2. (colloquial) a thousand rupiah

Alternative forms

• tan (Standard Malay)

Related terms

• tonase

Etymology 2

From Dutch toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

Noun

ton (plural ton-ton)

1. alternative form of tona (“tone”)

Further reading

• “ton”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)

1. (biology, literature, music) tone

Declension

Declension of ton (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative ton toin vocative a thoin a thona genitive toin ton dative ton toin forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an ton na toin genitive an toin na dton dative leis an ton don ton leis na toin

Derived terms

• aonton m (“monotone”)
• aontonach (“monotonous; monotonic”, adjective)
• aontonacht f (“monotonicity”)
• hipeartonach (“hypertonic”, adjective)
• hipeartonacht f (“hypertonicity”)
• iltonach (“polytonal”, adjective)
• tonúil (“tonal”, adjective)

Mutation

Mutated forms of ton

radical	lenition	eclipsis
ton	thon	dton

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English turn.

Verb

ton

1. to turn
   • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Luuk 23:28:

     Jiizas ton roun an se tu dem […]

     Jesus turning unto them said […]

Further reading

• ton at majstro.com

Japanese

Romanization

ton

1. Rōmaji transcription of とん

Kamkata-viri

Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tapnas (“cloth, fabric”), from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch”).

Noun

ton m (Western, Northeastern, Southeastern)

1. homespun wool cloth

Lower Tanana

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *tan, and therefore cognate with Ahtna taan, Navajo -TĄ́, Wailaki taŋ.

Root

ton

1. A classificatory root for elongated objects and enclosed containers, with a wide variety of extended meanings

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Momentaneous	tiyh	tonh	tiɬ	tiɬ
Neuter	tonh	ton'	tiɬ	ton'
Perambulative	tiyh	—	—	—
Customary	tiyh	tiyh	tiyh	tiyh
Persistive	tix	tix	tix	tix
Continuative	tenh	tenh	tenh	tenh
Distributive	tenh	tenh	tenh	tenh
Progressive	tiɬ	—	—	—

Derived terms

• be'aɬ xodonoch'edetiyi (“lock”)
• bek'et dranh dodetili (“calendar”)
• ch'eghoghedetili, xeghoch'edodetili (“yardstick, measuring stick”)
• dadhtonh (“a d-gender elongated object lies”)
• datltonh, todatltonh (“there is a puddle, pond”)
• datltoni (“pond, small lake”)
• dhetonh (“a ∅-gender elongated object lies”)
• dletonh, edletonh (“it is sitting still”)
• neɬtenh (“he/she teaches”)
• nidanitonh (“a linear object is placed”)
• noxwɬtenh (“the weather is bad”)
• tadhton (“an elongated object is in the water”)
• tadhtoni (“small dipnet”)
• tedetiyi (“scoop dipnet”)
• tinitonh (“a trail extends”)
• tl'odhtoni (“enclosed caribou fence”)
• toch'edotiɬ (“it (d-gender) is floating”)
• toch'otiɬ (“it (∅-gender) is floating”)
• xadodenitoni (“door”)
• xedenitoni (“ladder”)
• xedokwxditonhde (“roof”)
• xekadenitoni (“floor”)
• xoxwghiɬtonh (“the weather is getting bad”)
• xwk'eghw neɬtenenh (“priest, minister”)
• xwk'wghw nelteni (“lessons, catechism”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Athabaskan *taˑŋ. Cognate with Ahtna taan.

Root

ton

1. to be thick

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Neuter	tonh	ton'	tiɬ	ton'

Derived terms

• dedetonh (“it is thick”)
• dedetǫ (“it is thick”, Chena dialect)

References

• Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 359-365

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French thon.

Noun

ton

1. tuna (fish of the genus Thunnus)

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 320
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 1040

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English tān; equivalent to to +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

ton

1. plural of to (“toe”)

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /toːn/
• Rhymes: -oːn

Adjective

tōn

1. inflection of tōh:
   1. weak accusative masculine/feminine singular
   2. weak genitive/dative/instrumental masculine/feminine/neuter singular
   3. weak nominative/accusative masculine/feminine/neuter plural

Old French

Alternative forms

• toun (Anglo-Norman)
• tun (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

From Latin tuus, tuum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tun/
• Rhymes: -on

Determiner

ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)

1. your (second-person singular possessive)

Descendants

• French: ton

Old Javanese

Etymology

Unknown. Cognate of Indonesian tonton.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ton/
• Rhymes: -ton

Verb

ton

1. to see
2. to look

Alternative forms

• twan

Derived terms

• aminton
• amintonakĕn
• anon
• apinton
• kapinton
• kapintonan
• katon
• katonan
• kinatonakĕn
• manon
• pakatonan
• paminton
• pamintonan
• panon
• panonan
• panononan
• pinintonakĕn
• pinintonan
• tan panonan
• tan papakatonan
• tan papatonan
• tinon
• tinonakĕn
• tonan
• tonton
• tumon
• umintonakĕn

Descendants

• ⇒ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (tonton)
  • → Malay: tonton
    • > Indonesian: tonton (inherited)

Further reading

• "ton" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin thunnus.

Noun

ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)

1. tuna (fish)

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “thynnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 13: T–Ti, page 318

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔn
• Syllabification: ton

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tónos, from *ten-.

Noun

ton m inan (related adjective tonowy)

1. (linguistics, music) tone

   Synonyms: barwa, brzmienie, zabarwienie

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tony
genitive	tonu	tonów
dative	tonowi	tonom
accusative	ton	tony
instrumental	tonem	tonami
locative	tonie	tonach
vocative	tonie	tony

Derived terms

adjectives

• atonalny
• atoniczny
• bitonalny
• intonacyjny
• tonacyjny

adverbs

• atonalnie
• intonacyjnie
• tonalnie

nouns

• atonalista
• atonalistka
• atonalizm
• atonalność
• baryton
• bitonalność
• cały ton
• intonacja
• tonacja
• tonalność

verbs

• intonować
• zaintonować

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ten-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *tónos

Proto-Hellenic *tónos

Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos)der.

Latin tonusder.

Middle High German tōn

German Tonbor.

Polish ton

Borrowed from German Ton.

Noun

ton m inan (related adjective tonowy)

1. white clay used for painting walls (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)

   Hypernym: glina

   • 1948, Tadeusz Borowski, “Pożegnanie z Marią”, in Pożegnanie z Marią: Opowiadania‎^[4], Warszawa: Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza "Wiedza", page 21:

     [...] firma budowlana zaś sprzedawała, tak chłopom jak inżynierom, mokry ton, skamieniały cement, mieszała wapno z wodą, a lepik z piaskiem,[...]

     ... whereas the construction company sold, to farmers as well as to engineers, wet clay and hardened cement, mixed lime with water and cement with sand...

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tony
genitive	tonu	tonów
dative	tonowi	tonom
accusative	ton	tony
instrumental	tonem	tonami
locative	tonie	tonach
vocative	tonie	tony

Further reading

• “ton”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “ton”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[6] (in Polish)

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French thon.

Noun

ton m (plural toni)

1. tuna

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	ton	tonul	toni	tonii
genitive-dative	ton	tonului	toni	tonilor
vocative	tonule		tonilor

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ten-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *tónos

Proto-Hellenic *tónos

Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos)der.

Latin tonusbor.

French tonbor.

Romanian ton

Borrowed from French ton, borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.

Noun

ton n (plural tonuri)

1. tone

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	ton	tonul	tonuri	tonurile
genitive-dative	ton	tonului	tonuri	tonurilor
vocative	tonule		tonurilor

Related terms

• tonal

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tôːn/

Noun

tȏn m inan (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)

1. tone

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	tȏn	tónovi
genitive	tȏna	tónōvā
dative	tȏnu	tónovima
accusative	tȏn	tónove
vocative	tȏne	tónovi
locative	tónu	tónovima
instrumental	tȏnom	tónovima

Further reading

• “ton”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Skolt Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Sami *tonë.

Pronoun

ton

1. you (singular)

Inflection

Declension of ton

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ton	tuäna	tij
genitive	tuu	tuännai	tij
accusative	tuu	tuännaid	tiʹjjid
illative	tuʹnne	tuännaid	tiʹjjid
locative	tuʹst	tuännast	tiiʹst
comitative	tuin	tuännain	tiʹjjivuiʹm
abessive	tuutää	tuännaitää	tiʹjjitää
essive	tuuʹnen	tuännan	—
partitive	tuuʹđed	—	—

Further reading

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[7], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈton/ [ˈt̪õn]
• Rhymes: -on
• Syllabification: ton

Noun

1. clipping of tono

Further reading

• “ton”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swedish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English ton. First attested in 1795.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔn/
• Rhymes: -ɔn

Noun

ton n

1. tonne, metric ton (one thousand kilograms)

   En bil väger ofta mellan ett och två ton

   A car often weighs between one and two tonnes [1000–2000 kilograms]

Declension

Declension of ton

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ton	tons
	definite	tonnet	tonnets
plural	indefinite	ton	tons
	definite	tonnen	tonnens

Derived terms

• dödviktston
• tonkilometer
• tonnage
• tontal
• tontals
• tonvis

Etymology 2

From Latin tonus.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuːn/
• Rhymes: -uːn

Noun

ton c

1. a tone (sound of a particular frequency)
2. (music) tone (interval)
3. tone (manner of speaking (or communicating more generally))

   Han sa det med en arg ton

   He said it with an angry tone

   att hålla god ton

   to avoid personal attacks and the like

   (literally, “to keep good tone [idiomatic]”)

4. tone, shade (of color)

Declension

Declension of ton

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ton	tons
	definite	tonen	tonens
plural	indefinite	toner	toners
	definite	tonerna	tonernas

Related terms

• grundton
• halvton
• tona
• tonal
• tonalitet
• tonarm
• tonart
• tonband
• tonbildning
• tondikt
• tondöv
• tonem
• toner
• tonfall
• tonföljd
• tongenerator
• tongivande
• tongång
• tonhuvud
• tonhöjd
• tonika
• toning
• tonkonst
• tonkonstnär
• tonkontroll
• tonlig
• tonläge
• tonlös
• tonlöshet
• tonmålning
• tonomfång
• tonskala
• tonspråk
• tonsteg
• tonstycke
• tonstyrka
• tonstöt
• tonsäker
• tonsäkerhet
• tonsätta
• tonsättare
• tonsättarinna
• tonsättning
• tonträff
• tonträffning
• tonvalstelefon
• tonvikt

References

• “ton”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “ton”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “ton”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• not, ont

Ter Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Sami *tonë.

Pronoun

ton

1. you (singular)

Further reading

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[8], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈton]

Noun

ton

1. alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ton/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French ton (“tone”), from Latin tonus (“stretching of a rope”), ultimately from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”).

Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

1. (music) tone, the character of a sound, especially the timbre of an instrument or voice

   Synonyms: ötüm, titrem

2. tone, a quality in the voice that expresses the speaker's feelings and emotions
3. (colors) tone, hue, tint, the shade or degree of darkness and brightness of a color

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tonlar
definite accusative	tonu	tonları
dative	tona	tonlara
locative	tonda	tonlarda
ablative	tondan	tonlardan
genitive	tonun	tonların

Derived terms

• ton ayrımı
• ton bilimi
• ton birimi
• tonlu
• tonsuz

Related terms

• atonal
• bariton
• entonasyon
• monoton
• periton
• tonal
• tonalite
• toner
• tonik

Further reading

• “ton”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “ton”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ton6”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 5, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4860
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ton”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طون (ton), from French tonne, from Latin tunna.

Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

1. tonne, metric ton, a unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tonlar
definite accusative	tonu	tonları
dative	tona	tonlara
locative	tonda	tonlarda
ablative	tondan	tonlardan
genitive	tonun	tonların

Derived terms

• tonla
• tonluk

Related terms

• tonaj
• tonilato

Further reading

• “ton”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “ton”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ton4”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 5, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4860
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ton”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French thon, from Latin thunnus, itself from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos, “tuna”).

Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

1. ellipsis of ton balığı (“tuna”)

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tonlar
definite accusative	tonu	tonları
dative	tona	tonlara
locative	tonda	tonlarda
ablative	tondan	tonlardan
genitive	tonun	tonların

Derived terms

• ton balığı

Further reading

• “ton”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “ton”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ton5”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 5, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4860
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ton”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)

1. alternative form of don (“underpants; pants; shorts”)

Declension

Declension of ton

	singular	plural
nominative	ton	tonlar
definite accusative	tonu	tonları
dative	tona	tonlara
locative	tonda	tonlarda
ablative	tondan	tonlardan
genitive	tonun	tonların

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ton2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 5, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4860

Volapük

Noun

ton (genitive tona, plural tons)

1. sound

Declension

Declension of ton

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ton	tons
Genitive	tona	tonas
Dative	tone	tones
Accusative	toni	tonis
Predicative1	tonu	tonus
Vocative	o ton	o tons

1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔn/
• Rhymes: -ɔn

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.

Noun

ton f (plural tonnau)

1. wave, billow

   Synonym: gwaneg

Derived terms

• crychdon (“ripple”)
• dan y don (“under the sea”)
• meicrodon (“microwave”)
• ton Fecsicanaidd (“Mexican wave”)
• ton sain
• ton wres
• tonfedd (“wavelength”)
• tonffurf
• toniad
• toniant
• tonnell (“wavelet”)
• tonni (“to undulate”)
• tonnog
• tonnydd
• tonyddol

Etymology 2

From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).

Noun

ton m (plural tonnau, diminutive tonnen)

1. lea, unploughed land, turf
2. skin, rind, crust

   Synonyms: croen, crofen, crystyn, pil

Derived terms

• tondir
• tonni (“to cut turf; to peel”)
• marwdon (“dandruff”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of ton

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ton	don	nhon	thon

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

See also

• Appendix:Welsh nouns that have different meanings depending on their gender

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “ton”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ton”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zuni

Pronoun

ton

1. Second person dual subject (medial position)

   you two

2. Second person plural subject (medial position)

   you (three or more)

Related terms

• to'na'
• to'n'aawan

See also

Zuni personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person (medial)			ho'	hon	hon
1st person (final)			hoo'o	ho'no	ho'no
2nd person (medial)			to'	ton	ton
2nd person (final)			too'o	to'no	to'no
3rd person (medial)			—	'aachi	—
3rd person (final)			—	'aachi	—