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shade

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: shād, IPA(key): /ʃeɪd/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪd

Etymology 1

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From Middle English schade, from Old English sċeadu, sċadu (“shadow; shade”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”).

Cognates

Cognate with Scots shedda (“shadow”), Saterland Frisian Skaad, Skade (“shade, shadow”), West Frisian skaad, skâd (“shade, shadow”), Central Franconian and Limburgish Schatte (“shadow”), Dutch schade, schaduw (“shadow”), German Schatten (“shade, shadow”), German Low German Scharr, Scharre (“shade, shadow”), Luxembourgish Schiet (“shade, shadow”), Vilamovian siota (“shadow”), Yiddish שאָטן (shotn, “shadow”), Faroese skadda (“thick wet mountain fog”), Icelandic skodda, skoddi (“shadow”), Norwegian Bokmål skodde (“fog, mist”), Norwegian Nynorsk skodde, skåddj, skåidd (“fog; ice fog”), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skadus, “shadow”); also Breton skeud (“shadow; reflection; ghost”), Cornish skeus (“shadow; reflection”), Irish scáth (“shadow”), Manx scaa, skæ (“shield; shade, shadow”), Scottish Gaelic sgàth (“shade, shadow”), Latin obscurus (“dark, dusky, shadowy”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness, gloom”) (whence English scoto-), Belarusian сівы́ (sivý, “grey”), Czech and Slovak sivý (“grey”), Macedonian осој (osoj, “shady place”), Polish siwy (“grey”), Russian си́вый (sívyj, “grey”), Serbo-Croatian сив, siv (“grey”), Slovene osoja (“shady place”), Ukrainian си́вий (sývyj, “grey”), Armenian սեաւ (seaw), սեւ (sew, “black”), Ossetian сау (saw, “black”), Persian سه (sah), سیه (siyah), سیاه (siyâh, “black”), Sanskrit श्याम (śyāma, “black”), श्याव (śyāva, “dark”).

Noun

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shade (countable and uncountable, plural shades)

  1. (uncountable) Darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked.
    The old oak tree gave shade in the heat of the day.
    Temps rose to a sweltering 40 degrees Celsius in the shade.
  2. (countable) Something that blocks light, particularly in a window.
    Close the shade, please: it's too bright in here.
  3. (countable) A variety of a color, in particular one obtained by adding black (compare tint).
    I've painted my room in five lovely shades of pink and chartreuse.
    • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:
      Thus light and colours, as white, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees or shades, and mixtures, as green, scarlet, purple, sea-green, and the rest, come in only by the eyes […]
    • 2023 June 26, Lauren Caruso and Jillian Tracy, “The 22 best sunglasses for summer, according to style experts”, in CNN‎[1]:
      Speaking of round sunglasses, these lightweight polarized ones and come in two shades of tortoiseshell as well as black and bronze.
  4. (figuratively) A subtle variation in a concept.
    shades of meaning
  5. (figuratively, in the plural) An aspect that is reminiscent of something.
    shades of Groucho Marx
  6. A very small degree of a quantity, or variety of meaning
    That is a shade too close.
    • 1934, Agatha Christie, Miss Marple Tells a Story:
      Mrs. Rhodes who (so I gathered from Mr. Petherick's careful language) was perhaps just a shade of a hypochondriac, had retired to bed immediately after dinner.
    • 1990 April 7, Wickie Stamps, “The 'Temple' Is Familiar”, in Gay Community News, page 12:
      Five feet in diameter and a shade above knee high, the center of the fragile white canvass structure is filled with […]
  7. (chiefly literary and fantasy) A ghost or specter; a spirit.
    Too long have I been haunted by that shade.
    The adventurer was attacked by a shade.
  8. (countable) A postage stamp showing an obvious difference in colour/color to the original printing and needing a separate catalogue/catalog entry.
  9. (uncountable, originally LGBTQ slang) Subtle insults.
    throw shade
    Why did you paint your room chartreuse? No shade; I'm genuinely curious.
    • 1990, Jennie Livingston, director, Paris Is Burning, spoken by Dorian Corey:
      Shade is: "I don't tell you you're ugly, but I don't have to tell you because you know you're ugly." And that's shade.
    • 2018 November 29, Lisa Respers France, “Mariah Carey’s legendary Jennifer Lopez shade was her ‘trying to be nice’”, in CNN‎[2]:
      In a recent interview with Pitchfork, Carey offered her explanation for how the moment of shade came about.
  10. (countable) A cover around or above a light bulb, a lampshade.
    • 1979 August, Graham Burtenshaw, Michael S. Welch, “O.V.S. Bulleid's SR loco-hauled coaches - 1”, in Railway World, page 398:
      Lighting was unimaginative for the standard stock with naked tungsten filament bulbs and metal reflectors. However, all compartments had individual reading lights above the seats with attractive glass shades.
  11. (historical) A candle-shade.
    • 1817, T. Munro, Life, i. 511:
      I am now finishing this letter by candle-light, with the help of a handkerchief tied over the shade.
    • 1789, Munro's Narrative, 186
      His tent is furnished with a good large bed, mattress, pillow, &c., a few camp-stools or chairs, a folding table, a pair of shades for his candles, six or seven trunks with table equipage, his stock of linen (at least 24 shirts); some dozens of wine, brandy, and gin; tea, sugar, and biscuit; and a hamper of live poultry and his milch-goat.
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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From Middle English schaden, from the noun.[1][2]

Verb

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shade (third-person singular simple present shades, present participle shading, simple past and past participle shaded)

  1. (transitive) To shield (someone or something) from light.
    The old oak tree shaded the lawn in the heat of the day.
  2. (intransitive, rare) To shield oneself from light.
    We shaded under a huge oak tree.
  3. (transitive) To alter slightly.
    You'll need to shade your shot slightly to the left.
    Most politicians will shade the truth if it helps them.
  4. (intransitive) To vary or approach something slightly, particularly in color.
    The hillside was bright green, shading towards gold in the drier areas.
    • 1886, Edmund Gurney, Phantasms of the Living:
      This small group will be most conveniently treated with the emotional division, into which it shades.
  5. (intransitive, baseball, of a defensive player) To move slightly from one's normal fielding position.
    Jones will shade a little to the right on this pitch count.
  6. (transitive) To darken, particularly in drawing.
    I draw contours first, gradually shading in midtones and shadows.
  7. To win by a narrow margin.
    Both parties claimed afterwards that their man did best in the debate, but an early opinion poll suggested Mr Cameron shaded it.
    • 2024 March 10, David Hytner, “Doku involved at both ends as Liverpool and Manchester City share spoils”, in The Guardian‎[3]:
      It was Alexis Mac Allister who lit the touchpaper at the start of the second half, scoring from the penalty spot to cancel out John Stones’s opener for City midway through a first half that the defending champions had shaded.
  8. (transitive, graphical user interface) To reduce (a window) so that only its title bar is visible.
    Antonym: unshade
  9. (transitive, slang) To throw shade, to subtly insult someone.
    • 2021 December 8, Arwa Mahdawi, “Elon Musk is learning a hard lesson: never date a musician”, in The Guardian‎[4]:
      The lyrics have prompted headlines about her “shading” Musk with a “spicy dig”, but I reckon the guy got off lightly.
  10. (transitive, obsolete) To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen.
  11. (transitive, obsolete) To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent.
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^ “shāden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. ^ “shade, v.1”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Anagrams

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English shade.

Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʃej.d͡ʒi/ [ˈʃeɪ̯.d͡ʒi]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʃej.de/ [ˈʃeɪ̯.de]

Noun

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shade m (plural shades)

  1. (LGBTQ slang) shade (subtle insults)
    • 2022 September 9, Ademir Corrêa, Cinema queerité: Gêneros e identidades no documentário "Paris is burning"‎[5], Paco e Littera, →ISBN:
      “Eu não preciso dizer que você é feia, porque você sabe que é feia” (Paris..., 1990), exemplifica Corey para o fato de shade ser como uma leitura do que está subentendido como defeito no outro. Shade também se transforma em movimento.
      "I don't need to say that you're ugly, because you know you're ugly" (Paris..., 1990), exemplifies Corey to illustrate that shade is like reading what's implied as a flaw in the other person. Shade also becomes a movement.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “shade”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2025
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