top

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See also: TOP, Top, tốp, and töp

English[edit]

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Etymology[edit]

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), from Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, penis”). Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), German Top (“top, summit, peak”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

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top (plural tops)

  1. (Can we clean up(+) this sense?)The highest part or component of an object.
    His kite got caught at the top of the tree.
    • 1879, Richard Jefferies, The Amateur Poacher, chapter1:
      But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶ […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, […].
    1. The part viewed, or intended to be viewed, nearest the edge of the visual field normally occupied by the uppermost visible objects.
      Further weather information can be found at the top of your television screen.  Headings appear at the tops of pages.
    2. A lid, cap or cover of a container.
      Put a top on the toothpaste tube or it will go bad.
    3. A garment worn to cover the torso.
      I bought this top as it matches my jeans.
    4. (nautical) A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
    5. (baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
    6. (archaic) The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head.
  2. A child’s spinning toy; a spinning top.
    The boy was amazed at how long the top would spin.
  3. (heading) Someone who is eminent.
    1. (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
    2. The highest rank; the most honourable position; the utmost attainable place.
      to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school
      • William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
        And wears upon his baby brow the round / And top of sovereignty.
      • 2011 September 29, Tom Rostance, “Stoke 2-1 Besiktas”, in BBC Sport:
        After drawing their first game in Kiev the Potters are now top of Europa League Group E ahead of back-to-back games with Maccabi Tel-Aviv.
  4. (BDSM) A dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
  5. (LGBT, slang) A man penetrating or with a preference for penetrating during homosexual intercourse.
    I prefer being a top, and my boyfriend prefers being a bottom.
  6. (physics) A top quark.
  7. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
    • Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
      The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work.
  8. (ropemaking) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
  9. (sound) Highest pitch or loudest.
    She sang at the top of her voice.
    • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
      I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.
  10. (wool manufacture) A bundle or ball of slivers of combed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
  11. (obsolete, except in one sense of phrase on top of) Eve; verge; point.
    • Richard Knolles (1545-1610)
      He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine.
  12. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
  13. (in the plural, slang, dated) Topboots.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Charles Dickens to this entry?)
  14. (golf) A stroke on the top of the ball.
  15. (golf) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top.
  16. (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (A table at which there is, or which has enough seats for) a group of a specified number of people eating at a restaurant.
    • 2014, Jamey Glasnovic, Lost and Found: Adrift in the Canadian Rockies (ISBN 1771600527), page 144:
      […] but with only three other tables on the patio apart from myself – two three-tops and a five-top – it's hard to imagine what the holdup is.
    • 2015, Jeff Benjamin, Front of the House: Restaurant Manners, Misbehaviors & Secrets (ISBN 1941868029):
      It is uncanny how a server can stand in front of a ten top, without the safety net of pen and paper, and remember every item ordered by each guest including salads, […]

Synonyms[edit]

  • (part seen, or intended to be seen, nearest the edge of the visual field normally occupied by the uppermost visible objects): head (of a page)
  • (lid): cap, cover, lid
  • (LGBT): pitcher, active, seme (Japanese fiction)

Antonyms[edit]

  • (part of an object furthest away in the opposite direction from that in which an unsupported object would fall): base, bottom, underside
  • (part seen, or intended to be seen, nearest the edge of the visual field normally occupied by the uppermost visible objects): foot (of a page)
  • (garment): bottoms
  • (BDSM): bottom
  • (gay sexual slang): bottom, passive, pathic

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from top (noun)

Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)

  1. To cover on the top or with a top.
    I like my ice cream topped with chocolate sauce.
  2. To cut or remove the top (as of a tree)
    I don't want to be bald, so just top my hair.
    Top and tail the carrots.
  3. To excel, to surpass, to beat.
    Titanic was the most successful film ever until it was topped by another Cameron film, Avatar.
    • Shakespeare, King Lear
      Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed, / And my invention thrive, Edmund the base / Shall top th' legitimate. I grow; I prosper […]
  4. To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).
    Celine Dion topped the UK music charts twice in the 1990s.
    • 2013, Phil McNulty, "[1]", BBC Sport, 26 December 2013:
      Liverpool topped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.
  5. (Britain, slang) To commit suicide, (rare) to murder.
    Depression causes many people to top themselves.
  6. (BDSM) To be the dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
    I used to be a slave, but I ended up topping.
    Giving advice to the dominant partner on how to run the BDSM session is called "topping from the bottom".
  7. (slang, gay sexuality) To be the partner who penetrates in anal sex.
  8. (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.
    lofty ridges and topping mountains
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Derham to this entry?)
  9. (archaic) To predominate.
    topping passions
    • John Locke
      influenced by topping uneasiness
  10. (archaic) To excel; to rise above others.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Dryden to this entry?)
  11. (nautical) To raise one end of (a yard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
  12. (dyeing) To cover with another dye.
    to top aniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening
  13. To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
  14. (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
  15. (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain new impetus.
  16. To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
  17. To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
  18. (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective[edit]

top (not comparable)

  1. Situated on the top of something.
  2. (informal) Best; of the highest quality or rank.
    She's in the top dance school.
  3. (informal) Very good, of high quality.
    He's a top lawyer.
    That is a top car.

Related terms[edit]

Terms derived from top (adjective)

Translations[edit]

Adverb[edit]

top (not comparable)

  1. Rated first.
    She came top in her French exam.

Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

Statistics[edit]

Most common English words before 1923 in Project Gutenberg: heaven · v. · difficult · #801: top · tone · silent · takes

Anagrams[edit]

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from Ottoman Turkish طوپ‏ (top).

Noun[edit]

top

  1. ball

Baure[edit]

Noun[edit]

top

  1. fog

Crimean Tatar[edit]

Noun[edit]

top

  1. ball
  2. lump
  3. cannon

Declension[edit]

Declension of top
nominative top
genitive topnıñ
dative topqa
accusative topnı
locative topta
ablative toptan

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary][2], Simferopol: Dolya, ISBN 966-7980-89-8

Danish[edit]

Noun[edit]

top c (singular definite toppen, plural indefinite toppe)

  1. summit, peak
  2. hairpiece
  3. top (uppermost part, lid, cap, cover, garment worn to cover the torso, child’s spinning toy)

Inflection[edit]

Declension of top
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative top toppen toppe toppene
genitive tops toppens toppes toppenes

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from top

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

top

  1. (colloquial) great, very good

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

top m (plural toppen, diminutive topje n)

  1. top (uppermost part)
  2. (figuratively) apex
  3. summit, peak (high point of a mountain)
  4. summit, assembly
  5. top (piece of women's clothing)

Antonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

top

  1. (denominal) first-person singular present indicative of toppen

Anagrams[edit]

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from English top.

Noun[edit]

top m (invariable)

  1. (woman's dressing, garment) top

Kurdish[edit]

Fussball.jpg

Noun[edit]

top f

  1. ball (object, generally spherical, used for playing games)
  2. cannon

Latvian[edit]

Verb[edit]

top

  1. 3rd person singular present indicative form of tapt
  2. 3rd person plural present indicative form of tapt
  3. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of tapt
  4. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of tapt

Mopan Maya[edit]

Adverb[edit]

top

  1. very

References[edit]

  • Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Frankish *topp.

Noun[edit]

top m (oblique plural tos, nominative singular tos, nominative plural top)

  1. hair on top of one's head, forelock
  2. top, highest point
  3. tuft of flax placed on distaff
  4. (nautical) top (ship)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from English top.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

top (invariable, comparable)

  1. (colloquial) top; excellent; very high-quality

Synonyms[edit]

Noun[edit]

top m (plural tops)

  1. top (garment worn to cover the torso)

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from Ottoman Turkish طوپ‏ (top).

Noun[edit]

tȍp m (Cyrillic spelling то̏п)

  1. cannon
  2. (chess) rook

Declension[edit]

Declension of top
singular plural
nominative top topovi
genitive topa topova
dative topu topovima
accusative top topove
vocative tope topovi
locative topu topovima
instrumental topom topovima

See also[edit]

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
kralj
краљ		 dama, kraljica
дама, краљица		 top, kula
топ, кула		 lovac, trkač, laufer
ловац, тркач, лауфер		 skakač, konj
скакач, коњ		 pješak, pešak, pion, pijun
пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун

Slovene[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *tǫpъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

tòp (comparative bòlj tòp, superlative nàjbolj tòp)

  1. blunt
Declension[edit]
Declension of tòp (hard)
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative tòp ind
tôpi def		 tôpa tôpo
accusative nominativeinan or genitiveanim tôpo tôpo
genitive tôpega tôpe tôpega
dative tôpemu tôpi tôpemu
locative tôpem tôpi tôpem
instrumental tôpim tôpo tôpim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative tôpa tôpi tôpi
accusative tôpa tôpi tôpi
genitive tôpih tôpih tôpih
dative tôpima tôpima tôpima
locative tôpih tôpih tôpih
instrumental tôpima tôpima tôpima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative tôpi tôpe tôpa
accusative tôpe tôpe tôpa
genitive tôpih tôpih tôpih
dative tôpim tôpim tôpim
locative tôpih tôpih tôpih
instrumental tôpimi tôpimi tôpimi

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowing from Ottoman Turkish طوپ‏ (top).

Noun[edit]

tòp m inan (genitive tôpa, nominative plural topôvi)

  1. cannon
Declension[edit]
Declension of tòp (masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-)
singular dual plural
nominative tòp topôva topôvi
accusative tòp topôva topôve
genitive tôpa topôv topôv
dative tôpu topôvoma topôvom
locative tôpu topôvih topôvih
instrumental tôpom topôvoma topôvi

Spanish[edit]

Noun[edit]

top m (plural tops)

  1. rundown (of a list)

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish طوپ‏ (top), from Old Turkic tōp‏, tolp‏.

Noun[edit]

top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)

  1. ball
  2. cannon
  3. (slang) gay

Declension[edit]

declension of top
singular (tekil) plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın) top toplar
definite accusative (belirtme) topu topları
dative (yönelme) topa toplara
locative (bulunma) topta toplarda
ablative (ayrılma) toptan toplardan
genitive (tamlayan) topun topların

Volapük[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”).

Noun[edit]

top (plural tops)

  1. place

Declension[edit]

declension of top
singular plural
nominative top tops
genitive topa topas
dative tope topes
accusative topi topis
predicative topu topus
vocative o top! o tops!

Related terms[edit]

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