Jump to content

蓋

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 盖
蓋 U+84CB, 蓋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84CB
← 蓊
[U+84CA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蓌 →
[U+84CC]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

蓋 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿土戈廿 (TGIT), four-corner 44107, composition ⿱艹盍)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1051, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31652
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1513, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3260, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+84CB

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 蓋
simp. 盖
alternative forms 葢
盖
乢

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 蓋
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (盍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蓋 *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb
盖 *kaːbs
溘 *kʰaːbs, *kʰoːb, *kʰaːb
搕 *qoːb
嗑 *kaːb, *ɡaːb
榼 *kʰaːb
磕 *kʰaːb, *kʰaːd
瞌 *kʰaːb
盍 *ɡaːb
闔 *ɡaːb
篕 *ɡaːb
熆 *ɡaːb
鰪 *qaːb
廅 *qaːb
圔 *qroːb
饁 *ɢrab

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːbs, *kaːb, *ɡaːb): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb) — a thatch.

盍 is the original character for the “cover” sense. However, because this original character was borrowed to mean “why not”, the scope of senses for 蓋 expanded to include the “cover” sense (and its extended meanings).

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)wap (“to cover, incubate, hatch”). Within Chinese, compare:

  • 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to join, unite; door leaf”)
  • 閤 (OC *kuːb, “small gate”)
  • 蛤 (OC *kuːb, “oyster, mussel”)
  • 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to join, unite; harmony; to close, shut”)
  • 洽 (OC *ɡruːb, “to unite, assemble; to accord with”)
  • 翕 (OC *qʰrub, “united, harmonious”)

Outside of Sinitic, cognate with Mizo [Term?] (hûap, “to include, to take in, to cover, to embrace, to apply to”). The Sino-Tibetan root is likely allofamic with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔup (“idem”), the latter whence Burmese အုပ် (up, “to cover”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note: Erhua-ed pronunciation - only the noun senses.
Note: koi3 - only the non-common-noun senses.
Note:
  • kah - vernacular (“to cover”);
  • kòa - vernacular (noun);
  • kài - literary.
Rime
Character 蓋
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古太切
Baxter kajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kajH/
Li
Rong 		/kɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/kɑiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		goi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蓋
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁap-s/
English cover (v.); cover (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蓋
Reading # 1/3
No. 5069
Phonetic
component 		盍
Rime
group 		蓋
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		蓋
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːbs/
Definitions
[edit]

蓋

  1. to cover; to conceal
    蓋被／盖被 [Hokkien]  ―  kah-phōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to put on a blanket
  2. (figurative) to cover up; to conceal
  3. (Southern Min) to put on; to apply
  4. to stamp; to affix (a seal)
  5. to overwhelm; to surpass
  6. to build; to construct
    蓋房子／盖房子  ―  gài fángzi  ―  to build a house
  7. to talk nonsense; to chatter; to brag; to boast; to bluff
  8. cover; cap; lid
  9. shell (of a turtle, crab, etc.)
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) umbrella
  11. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thatch; straw mat
  12. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) canopy
  13. (dialectal) excellent; fantastic
  14. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Southern Sixian Hakka) very
  15. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) probably; roughly
  16. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) for; because
  17. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to cover; to conceal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Singapore 蓋
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 蓋
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蓋, 㝩
Wuhan 蓋, 㝩, 垛
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 蓋
Hefei 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 蓋, 冚, 扱
Hong Kong 冚, 扱
Yangjiang 扱
Gan Nanchang 蓋, 㔶, 盍
Hakka Meixian 蓋, 弇
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 弇
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 弇
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 弇
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 弇
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 弇
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 揜
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Northern Min Jian'ou 㔶𱔴
Eastern Min Fuzhou 㔶, 㪠
Southern Min Xiamen 崁
Quanzhou 崁
Zhangzhou 崁
Singapore (Hokkien) 崁
Manila (Hokkien) 崁
Chaozhou 蓋, 崁
Shantou 蓋
Jieyang 蓋, 崁
Wu Suzhou 蓋
Wenzhou 㔶, 蓋
Xiang Changsha 蓋
Shuangfeng 蓋, 㔶
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Harbin 蓋
Singapore 建
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蓋
Xi'an 蓋
Xining 蓋
Xuzhou 起
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蓋
Lanzhou 蓋
Ürümqi 蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 修, 起
Guiyang 起, 修
Liuzhou 起
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蓋, 造
Yangzhou 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 起
Hong Kong 起
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 起
Taishan 起
Dongguan 起
Rongxian 起
Hepu (Lianzhou) 起
Hepu (Shatian) 做
Guiping 起
Guiping (Mule) 起, 整
Pingnan 起
Guigang (Gangcheng) 起
Guigang (Pingdong) 起
Beihai 起
Beihai (Nankang) 起
Beihai (Yingpan) 起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 起, 搭
Singapore (Guangfu) 起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 起
Móng Cái 起
Bangkok (Guangfu) 起
Betong (Rongxian) 起
Gan Nanchang 起
Lichuan 做
Pingxiang 起
Hakka Meixian 起, 做
Yudu 做
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 起
Hong Kong 起
Senai (Huiyang) 起
Huizhou Jixi 起
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Xinzhou 蓋
Northern Min Jian'ou 開
Eastern Min Fuzhou 起
Matsu 起
Southern Min Xiamen 起
Quanzhou 起
Zhangzhou 起
Tainan 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Manila (Hokkien) 起
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 起
Jieyang 起
Bangkok (Teochew) 起
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 起
Hat Yai (Teochew) 起
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Leizhou 作
Haikou 作
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 起
Wu Shanghai 造
Shanghai (Chongming) 造, 起
Suzhou 造
Danyang 砌
Hangzhou 造
Ningbo 起
Jinhua 起
Xiang Changsha 起
Loudi 起
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋子 (“cover; lid”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋子, 蓋
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋兒, 蓋子
Taiwan 蓋子
Singapore 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 蓋
Hong Kong 蓋
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蓋仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蓋仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蓋
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 蓋仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 蓋
Jin Taiyuan 蓋蓋
Southern Min Xiamen 蓋, 崁
Quanzhou 蓋, 崁
Zhangzhou 蓋, 崁
Tainan 蓋
Penang (Hokkien) 蓋
Singapore (Hokkien) 蓋, 崁
Shantou 蓋
Jieyang 蓋
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 很
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
Jinjiang 野, 萬代
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻
Compounds
[edit]
See also
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • → Japanese: 蓋し (kedashi) (calque)

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 蓋
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 盍 (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡臘切
Baxter hap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦap̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蓋
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hap ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-[k]ˁap/
English thatch, cover (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蓋
Reading # 3/3
No. 5083
Phonetic
component 		盍
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		盍
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːb/
Definitions
[edit]

蓋

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “to cover; to join together; thatch”)
  2. (obsolete) Alternative form of 闔 / 阖 (hé, “door leaf”)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Wikipedia has an article on:

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 蓋
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 盍 (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古盍切
Baxter kap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kap̚/
Li
Rong 		/kɑp̚/
Wang
Li 		/kɑp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gap3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蓋
Reading # 2/3
No. 5075
Phonetic
component 		盍
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		䫦
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːb/

Definitions

[edit]

蓋

  1. (～邑) (historical) Ge (a city in the ancient state of Qi in modern-day Yishui County, Shandong)
  2. a surname

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 蓋
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 盍 (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡臘切
Baxter hap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦap̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hap6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蓋
Reading # 3/3
No. 5083
Phonetic
component 		盍
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		盍
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːb/

Definitions

[edit]

蓋

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “how; why”)
  2. (obsolete) Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “why not”)

Etymology 4

[edit]
Wikipedia has an article on:

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • khap - vernacular;
  • kap - literary.

Definitions

[edit]

蓋

  1. Alternative form of 匼 (“to cover”)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
蓋

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. cover
  2. lid
  3. flap

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
蓋
ふた
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE to phonetically spell Mount Futagami as 蓋上山. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pota.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

蓋(ふた) or 蓋(フタ) • (futa) 

  1. lid; cap; cover; (malacology) operculum
    箱(はこ)のふた ― hako no futa ― box lid
    ビンの蓋(ふた) ― bin no futa ― cap of a bottle

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

蓋 (eumhun 덮을 개 (deopeul gae))

  1. Hanja form? of 개 (“cover”).

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

蓋: Hán Nôm readings: cái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=蓋&oldid=84435808"