過
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Japanese | 過 |
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Simplified | 过 |
Traditional | 過 |
Alternative forms[edit]
Note that the box in the upper part of 咼 differs in simplified Chinese – in simplified Chinese fonts it is on the left, while in Japanese and traditional Chinese it is on the right (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary).
Han character[edit]
過 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+8 in Chinese, 辵+9 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜月月口 (YBBR), four-corner 37302, composition ⿺辶咼)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1261, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39002
- Dae Jaweon: page 1753, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3849, character 8
- Unihan data for U+904E
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 過 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 过 | |
alternative forms | 𬨨 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 過 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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碢 | *l'oːl |
腡 | *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl |
過 | *kloːl, *kloːls |
渦 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
鍋 | *kloːl |
楇 | *kloːl, *ɡloːls |
瘑 | *kloːl |
緺 | *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
堝 | *kloːl |
濄 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
鐹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
薖 | *kʰloːl |
簻 | *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl |
禍 | *ɡloːlʔ |
窩 | *qloːl |
萵 | *qloːl |
檛 | *kr'oːl |
膼 | *kr'oːl |
蝸 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
媧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
騧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
冎 | *kroːlʔ |
剮 | *kroːlʔ |
諣 | *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls |
歄 | *kʷroːl |
咼 | *kʰʷroːl |
喎 | *kʰʷroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloːl, *kloːls): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ka-j (“to go, to stride”) (STEDT). Related to 跨 (OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs, “to pass over”) and 騎 (OC *ɡral, *ɡrals, “to ride”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
過
- to cross; to pass; to go across; to pass through
- (of time) to pass by; to pass
- to spend time; to live
- to go over; to look at carefully; to go through
- to exceed; to surpass; to be over
- to pass an exam
- verbal complement
- indicating passing by; over; by
- indicating a change in direction; over; away
- indicating an excess in degree or amount; past; through; by
- indicating superiority; better than
- indicating that an event has occurred already; ever; already
- (Cantonese) indicating repetition of an event; again
- adjectival complement
- (chiefly literary or Cantonese) indicating an excess in degree or amount; more ... than
- 子曰:「由也好勇過我,無所取材。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐyuē: “Yóu yě hào yǒng guò wǒ, wú suǒ qǔ cái.” [Pinyin]
- Upon which the Master said, "Zhong You is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his judgment upon matters."
子曰:“由也好勇过我,无所取材。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- indicating that the state has existed in the past
- (chiefly literary or Cantonese) indicating an excess in degree or amount; more ... than
- too; excessively
- fault; blemish; mistake
- 吾過矣! / 吾过矣! [Classical Chinese] ― Wú guò yǐ! [Pinyin] ― I am/was wrong! / I have erred!
- to pay a visit; to visit; to call on
Synonyms[edit]
- (to pay a visit):
Usage notes[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
過
- name of a creek
- name of an ancient state in modern Shandong
- A surname.
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
過
References[edit]
- “過”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #10182”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: あやまつ (ayamatsu, 過つ, Jōyō); あやまち (ayamachi, 過ち, Jōyō); あやまち (ayamachi, 過); すぐ (sugu, 過ぐ); すぐす (sugusu, 過ぐす); すぐる (suguru, 過ぐる); すぎる (sugiru, 過ぎる, Jōyō); すぎ (sugi, 過); すごす (sugosu, 過ごす, Jōyō); すごす (sugosu, 過す); よぎる (yogiru, 過ぎる); よぎる (yogiru, 過る)
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
過 |
か Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 過 (MC kuɑ, kuɑH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Prefix[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- 지날 과; last, past, have been, in time, later.
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 허물 과; an error, a fault, a misstep, a slip, a mistake.
- 기름통 과; an oil cask, an oilcan.
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
過: Hán Nôm readings: qua, quá, góa/goá, quớ, quở
- chữ Hán form of qua (“to pass; to go over”).
- 1910, Sơn Hậu Diễn Ca, sheet 1a
- 䀡運𡗶㐌挌過頭。
- Xem vận trời đã gác qua đầu.
- Seeing that fate has been set over (my) head.
- 䀡運𡗶㐌挌過頭。
- 1910, Sơn Hậu Diễn Ca, sheet 1a
- chữ Hán form of quá (“too (much); over”).
- circa 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, Lê triều Nguyễn tướng công Gia huấn ca, Quan Văn Ðường tàng bản (1907), lines 7-8
- 𠳒咹涅於朱坤, 拯𢧚多過多言𡭧芇。
- Lời ăn nết ở cho khôn, chẳng nên đa quá đa ngôn chút nào.
- Speak and act like a lady, but speak not too much lest you blunder.
- 𠳒咹涅於朱坤, 拯𢧚多過多言𡭧芇。
- circa 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, Lê triều Nguyễn tướng công Gia huấn ca, Quan Văn Ðường tàng bản (1907), lines 7-8
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading す-ぐる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading す-ぎる
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading すご-す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よ-ぎる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よぎ-る
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か
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- ja:Chemistry
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