過

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See also: 过

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
過-order.gif
Shinjitai 過
Simplified 过
Traditional 過

Alternative forms[edit]

Note that the box in the upper part of 咼 differs in simplified Chinese – in simplified Chinese fonts it is on the left, while in Japanese and traditional Chinese it is on the right.

Han character[edit]

過 (radical 162 辵+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜月月口 (YBBR), four-corner 37302, composition ⿺辶咼)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1261, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39002
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1753, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3849, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+904E

Chinese[edit]

trad. 過
simp. 过

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloːl, *kloːls): semantic 辵 ‎(“walk”) + phonetic 咼 ‎(OC *kʰʷroːl)

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 過 過
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 戈 (95) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古禾切 古卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuɑ/ /kuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuɑ/ /kuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɑ/ /kuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwa/ /kwaH/
Li
Rong		 /kuɑ/ /kuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /kuɑ/ /kuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuɑ/ /kuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guō guò
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 過 過 過
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guō guō guò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwa › ‹ kwa › ‹ kwaH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.kʷˤaj/ /*kʷˤaj/ /*kʷˤaj-s/
English tough, fibrous (vegetables) to pass to pass; transgress

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 過 過
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4362 4371
Phonetic
component		 冎 冎
Rime
group		 歌 歌
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 戈
Old
Chinese		 /*kloːl/ /*kloːls/

Definitions[edit]

過

  1. to cross, to pass, to go across, to pass through
  2. to exceed
  3. to go over, to look at carefully
  4. to pass by, to pass
  5. to pass an exam
  6. to live
  7. Verbal suffix of past experience, used to emphasise an experienced action which has been completed. ever
  8. (chiefly Cantonese) Particle used for comparison. more ... than
  9. too, excessively
  10. A surname​.

Usage notes[edit]

  • The past experience particle 過 is negated with 沒／没 (méi), which is placed before the verb.
    我沒去過中國。 / 我没去过中国。  ―  Wǒ méi qù guò Zhōngguó.  ―  I have never been to China.
    • In Cantonese, 未 (mei6) is used instead of 沒.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 過

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
過

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mistake
  2. excess, too much

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

過 • ‎(gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune-Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

過 (quá, goá, quớ, qua, quở)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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