偶然
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]accidental; image; pair accidental; image; pair; mate |
so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (偶然) | 偶 | 然 | |
| simp. #(偶然) | 偶 | 然 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau5 jin4
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieo3 zeng2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ǒurán
- Zhuyin: ㄡˇ ㄖㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ǒurán
- Wade–Giles: ou3-jan2
- Yale: ǒu-rán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oouran
- Palladius: оужань (oužanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngau5 jin4
- Yale: ngáuh yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngau5 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngeo5 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐu̯¹³ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo3 zeng2 [Phonetic: gieo2 leng2]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gâ̤u-céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ (t͡s-)lɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo3 zeng2 [Phonetic: gieo1 leng2]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieu³³²⁻⁵⁵ (t͡s-)lɛŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gió-liân
- Tâi-lô: gió-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: gioylieen
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-liân
- Tâi-lô: ngóo-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngoflieen
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-jiân
- Tâi-lô: ngóo-jiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngofjieen
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziɛn²³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngou2 riêng5 / ngou2 riang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu jiêng / ngóu jiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Adjective
[edit]偶然
- accidental; coincidental; by chance; random; fortuitous
Adverb
[edit]偶然
- accidentally; coincidentally; by chance; fortuitously
- 偶然相遇 ― ǒurán xiāngyù ― to meet by chance
- occasionally; randomly
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “偶然”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 32.
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 偶 | 然 |
| ぐう Grade: S |
ぜん Grade: 4 |
| kan'yōon | kan'on |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]偶然 • (gūzen) -na (adnominal 偶然な (gūzen na), adverbial 偶然に (gūzen ni))
Inflection
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 偶然だろ | ぐうぜんだろ | gūzen daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 偶然で | ぐうぜんで | gūzen de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 偶然だ | ぐうぜんだ | gūzen da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 偶然な | ぐうぜんな | gūzen na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 偶然なら | ぐうぜんなら | gūzen nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 偶然であれ | ぐうぜんであれ | gūzen de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 偶然ではない 偶然じゃない |
ぐうぜんではない ぐうぜんじゃない |
gūzen de wa nai gūzen ja nai |
| Informal past | 偶然だった | ぐうぜんだった | gūzen datta |
| Informal negative past | 偶然ではなかった 偶然じゃなかった |
ぐうぜんではなかった ぐうぜんじゃなかった |
gūzen de wa nakatta gūzen ja nakatta |
| Formal | 偶然です | ぐうぜんです | gūzen desu |
| Formal negative | 偶然ではありません 偶然じゃありません |
ぐうぜんではありません ぐうぜんじゃありません |
gūzen de wa arimasen gūzen ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 偶然でした | ぐうぜんでした | gūzen deshita |
| Formal negative past | 偶然ではありませんでした 偶然じゃありませんでした |
ぐうぜんではありませんでした ぐうぜんじゃありませんでした |
gūzen de wa arimasen deshita gūzen ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 偶然で | ぐうぜんで | gūzen de |
| Conditional | 偶然なら(ば) | ぐうぜんなら(ば) | gūzen nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 偶然だったら | ぐうぜんだったら | gūzen dattara |
| Volitional | 偶然だろう | ぐうぜんだろう | gūzen darō |
| Adverbial | 偶然に | ぐうぜんに | gūzen ni |
| Degree | 偶然さ | ぐうぜんさ | gūzensa |
Adverb
[edit]- by chance, incidentally
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 必ず (inevitably)
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- “偶然”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 偶 | 然 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 우연 (“coincidence; chance; accident; contingency”)
Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 偶 | 然 |
Adverb
[edit]偶然
- chữ Hán form of ngẫu nhiên (“randomly”)
Adjective
[edit]偶然
- chữ Hán form of ngẫu nhiên (“random”)
Categories:
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- Intermediate Mandarin
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- Japanese terms spelled with 然 read as ぜん
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