由
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
由 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田 (LW), four-corner 50600, composition ⿻十囗)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 757, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21724
- Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2524, character 2
- Unihan data for U+7531
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
由 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
| 抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
| 妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 紬 | *l'ɯw |
| 怞 | *l'ɯw |
| 鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
| 菗 | *rlɯw |
| 宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
| 由 | *lɯw |
| 蚰 | *lɯw |
| 秞 | *lɯw |
| 邮 | *lɯw |
| 釉 | *lɯwɢs |
| 柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
| 苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
| 舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: yu2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
- IPA (key): /i̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jau4
- Yale: yàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau4
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo4
- IPA (key): /jɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
- IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
- IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 由 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iou³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /iou²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /iou⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /iou⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /iou⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iou⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /iou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /iɯ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /iəu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /iou⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /iəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /iəu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /iəu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /iəu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /iəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /iɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /iəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /iəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiɤ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiø²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jau³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /iu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /iu⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /iəu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /iəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /i⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu²¹/ |
| Nanning | /jɐu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieu⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /iu²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /iu⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ziu³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 由 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 以周切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/iəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/juw/ |
| Li Rong |
/iu/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yóu |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 由 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yóu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l[u]/ |
| English | follow; from |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 由 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15526 |
| Phonetic component |
由 |
| Rime group |
幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
猷 |
| Old Chinese |
/*lɯw/ |
Definitions[edit]
由
References[edit]
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
- (Min Nan) “Entry #1856”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 由
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
由
Readings[edit]
- Goon: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)←いう (iu, historical)
- Kan’yōon: ゆい (yui, Jōyō, uncommon)
- Kun: よし (yoshi, 由, Jōyō); よる (yoru, 由る); より (yori, 由り)
Compounds[edit]
- 自由 (jiyū): freedom
- 自由度 (jiyūdo): flexibility
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
由 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Han characters from which hiragana were derived
- Han characters from which katakana were derived
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Chinese prepositions
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- Cantonese prepositions
- Hakka prepositions
- Min Nan prepositions
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Middle Chinese lemmas
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- Chinese Han characters
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 3 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よし-
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よ-る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よ-り
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ゆい
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ゆう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading いう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ゆ
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
