十

See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]

十	U+5341, 十 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341

← 區
[U+5340]

CJK Unified Ideographs

卂 →
[U+5342]

⼗	U+2F17, ⼗ KANGXI RADICAL TEN

← ⼖
[U+2F16]

Kangxi Radicals

⼘ →
[U+2F18]

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

十

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 24 十

十 (radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 4000₀, composition ⿻一丨)

Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.

Derived characters[edit]

Index:Chinese radical/十
什, 叶, 汁, 旪, 辻, 竍, 籵, 𥾅, 計(计), 針(针), 𮪦, 𫙏, 𨙩, 夲, 早, 𦉲, 皁, 𦉴, 隼, 𮍞, 支

References[edit]

KangXi: page 155, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		十
alternative forms		拾 financial 什

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 十
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
針	kjum, kjums
汁	*kjub
卙	*kʰljub
十	*ɡjub
什	*ɡjub

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shí (shi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ

(Chengdu, SP): si²

(Dungan, Cyrillic): шы (šɨ, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): sap⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sip⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): siit⁷
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p

(Meixian, Guangdong): seb⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵
Min Bei (KCR): sí / sī
Min Dong (BUC): sĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p / si̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸ / zag⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): zeq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): shr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
  - Wade–Giles: shih²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: si²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: шы (šɨ, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sap⁶
  - Yale: sahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sip⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sip̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: siit⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: seb⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: seh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí / sī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁴/, /si⁵⁵/

Note: sī - used for "ten" in 20 to 99.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p / si̍p
  - Tâi-lô: tsa̍p / si̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zap, sip
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴/, /ɕip̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹/, /ɕip̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/

Note:

cha̍p - vernacular;
si̍p - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zab⁸ / zag⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p / tsa̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /t͡sak̚⁴/

Note:

zab8 - Chaozhou;
zag8 - Chenghai.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zeq (T5)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻əʔ¹²/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: shr⁶
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 十
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʃz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/zai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/səp̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐp̚²/
	Nanning	/sɐp̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɐp̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sip̚⁵/ /t͡sap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sɛiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/si⁵⁴/ /si⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sap̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tap̚³/ /tɔp̚³/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiɪp̚/

Rime
Character	十
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是執切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	十
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	ten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	十
Reading #	1/1
No.	11452
Phonetic component	十
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	十
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/

Definitions[edit]

十

Compounds[edit]

See 十/derived terms § Chinese.

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (十):

→ Japanese: 十(じゅう) (jū)
→ Korean: 십 (十, sip)
→ Vietnamese: thập (十)

Others:

Khmer: សិប (səp)
Lao: ສິບ (sip)
Thai: สิบ (sìp)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

十

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}
Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しふ (sifu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: じっ (ji', Jōyō)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}; じゅっ (ju')
Kun: と (to, 十, Jōyō); とお (tō, 十, Jōyō)^{←とを (towo, historical)}
Nanori: い (i); か (ka); かず (kazu); ぎ (gi); さ (sa); し (shi); しげ (shige); そ (so); そう (sō); ただ (tada); ち (chi); とみ (tomi); ね (ne); ひさし (hisashi); ま (ma); みつ (mitsu); みつる (mitsuru); る (ru); わ (wa)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
十
じゅう Grade: 1
goon

Kanji in this term
十
じっ Grade: 1
kan’yōon

**Japanese cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	11 >
Cardinal : 十

/ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚).

Alternative forms[edit]

(Financial form) 拾

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon

(Tokyo) じゅう [júꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨᵝː]
Audio
(file)

Numeral[edit]

十(じゅう) • (jū) ^{←じふ (zifu)^?}

ten, 10

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Idioms[edit]

一(いち)から十(じゅう)まで (ichi kara jū made)

Proverbs[edit]

一(いち)を聞(き)いて十(じゅう)を知(し)る (ichi o kiite jū o shiru)

Coordinate terms[edit]

Japanese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Regular	零(れい) (rei) 零(ゼロ) (zero)	一(いち) (ichi)	二(に) (ni)	三(さん) (san)	四(よん) (yon) 四(し) (shi)	五(ご) (go)	六(ろく) (roku)	七(なな) (nana) 七(しち) (shichi)	八(はち) (hachi)	九(きゅう) (kyū) 九(く) (ku)	十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal	零(れい) (rei) 零(ゼロ) (zero)	壱(いち) (ichi)	弐(に) (ni)	参(さん) (san)	四(よん) (yon) 四(し) (shi)	五(ご) (go)	六(ろく) (roku)	七(なな) (nana) 七(しち) (shichi)	八(はち) (hachi)	九(きゅう) (kyū) 九(く) (ku)	拾(じゅう) (jū)
	90	100	300	600	800	1,000	3,000	8,000	10,000	100,000,000
Regular	九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū)	百(ひゃく) (hyaku) 一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)	三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku)	六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku)	八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku)	千(せん) (sen) 一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)	三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen)	八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen)	一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman)	一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal	九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū)	百(ひゃく) (hyaku) 一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)	三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku)	六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku)	八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku)	千(せん) (sen) 一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)	三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen)	八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen)	一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)	一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
	10¹²	8×10¹²	10¹³	10¹⁶	6×10¹⁶	8×10¹⁶	10¹⁷	10¹⁸
	一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō)	八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō)	十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō)	一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei)	六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei)	八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei)	十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei)	百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

Noun[edit]

十(じゅう) • (jū) ^{←じふ (zifu)^?}

a ten-year-old

Affix[edit]

十(じゅう) or 十(じっ) • (jū or ji') ^{←じふ (zifu)^?}

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

十(じゅう)雨(う) (jūu)
十(じっ)戒(かい), 十(じっ)誡(かい) (jikkai)
十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu)
十(じっ)干(かん) (jikkan)
十(じっ)指(し) (jisshi)
十(じゅう)字(じ) (jūji)
十(じゅう)姉(し)妹(まつ) (jūshimatsu)
十(じっ)中(ちゅう)八(はっ)九(く) (jitchūhakku), 十(じゅう)中(ちゅう)八(はっ)九(く) (jūchūhakku)
十(じっ)手(て) (jitte)
十(じっ)種(しゅ)競(きょう)技(ぎ) (jisshukyōgi, “decathlon”)
十(じっ)進(しん)法(ほう) (jisshinhō, “decimal system”)
十(じゅう)全(ぜん) (jūzen)
十(じっ)哲(てつ) (jittetsu)
十(じゅう)人(にん) (jūnin)
十(じゅう)年(ねん) (jūnen)
十(じゅう)念(ねん) (jūnen)
十(じゅう)能(のう) (jūnō, “small fire shovel”)
十(じっ)把(ぱ)一(ひと)絡(から)げ (jippa hitokarage)
十(じゅう)分(ぶん) (jūbun)
十(じゅう)万(まん)億(おく)土(ど) (jūman'okudo)
十(じゅう)目(もく) (jūmoku)
十(じゅう)薬(やく) (jūyaku)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
十
とお Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨to₂wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

From Old Japanese.

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwo.

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) とお [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

Numeral[edit]

十(とお) • (tō) ^{←とを (towo)^?}

ten, 10

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Idioms[edit]

十(とお)が十(とお) (tō ga tō)
十(とお)の界(さかい) (tō no sakai)

Proverbs[edit]

十(とお)で神(しん)童(どう)十(じゅう)五(ご)で才(さい)子(し)二十(はたち)過(す)ぎればただの人(ひと) (tō de shindō jūgo de saishi hatachi sugireba tada no hito)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
十
と Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Shift from tō above.^[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) と [tóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞]

Numeral[edit]

十(と) • (to)

ten, 10

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

十(と)一(いち) (toichi)
十(と)重(え) (toe)
- 十(と)重(え)二十(はた)重(え) (toe hatae)
十(と)人(たり) (totari)
十(と)月(つき) (totsuki)
- 十(と)月(つき)十(とお)日(か) (totsuki tōka)
十(じゅう)人(にん)十(と)色(いろ) (jūnin toiro)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
十
そ Grade: 1
nanori

⟨so₁⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/

From Old Japanese.

Used in compounds.

Affix[edit]

十(そ) • (so)

multiplied by ten: tenfold

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

十(そ)路(じ) (-soji)
三(み)十(そ) (miso), 三(み)十(そ)路(じ) (misoji)
四(よ)十(そ) (yoso), 四(よ)十(そ)路(じ) (yosoji)
五(い)十(そ) (iso), 五(い)十(そ)路(じ) (isoji)
六(む)十(そ) (muso), 六(む)十(そ)路(じ) (musoji)
七(なな)十(そ) (nanaso), 七(なな)十(そ)路(じ) (nanasoji)
八(や)十(そ) (yaso), 八(や)十(そ)路(じ) (yasoji)
九(ここの)十(そ)路(じ) (kokonosoji)
十(そ)代(しろ) (soshiro)

Etymology 5[edit]

Kanji in this term
十
しい Grade: 1
Irregular

From Mandarin 十 (shí).^[3]

Numeral[edit]

十(シー) • (shī)

ten, 10

Derived terms[edit]

十(シー)三(サン)么(ヤオ)九(チュー) (shīsan'yaochū)
十(シー)錦(チン) (shīchin)

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

**Korean numbers ^(edit)**
	100
← 9	10	11 →
	1
Native: 열 (yeol) Sino-Korean: 십 (sip) Hanja: 十 Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae) Number of days: 열흘 (yeolheul) Fractional: 분 (bun), 푼 (pun)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[1]	열〮 (Yale: yél)	십〮 (Yale: síp)

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰip̚]
Phonetic hangeul: [십]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

十

Wikisource

十 (eumhun 열 십 (yeol sip))

Hanja form^? of 십 (“ten”).
Hanja form^? of 십 (“whole; complete; perfect”).

Compounds[edit]

See 十/derived terms § Korean.

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]
十: Nôm readings: thập^[1]^[2]^[4]

Hán tự form of thập (“ten”).

Derived terms[edit]

See 十/derived terms § Vietnamese.

References[edit]

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[2] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[3] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[tdcndg-4] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-5] 2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-6] Trần (2004).

[bonet-7] Bonet (1899).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	10²	10³	10⁴	10⁸	10¹²
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇	一	二	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟	萬／万	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)

十

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