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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341

[U+5340]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5342]

U+2F17, ⼗
KANGXI RADICAL TEN

[U+2F16]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F18]

U+3229, ㈩
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN

[U+3228]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+322A]

U+3289, ㊉
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TEN

[U+3288]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+328A]
Wikimedia Commons has media about:

Translingual

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Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 24, +0, 2 strokes, cangjie input (J), four-corner 40000, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #24, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №54

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms financial

Glyph origin

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Unlike , which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms was added, forming a cross.

Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).

Unrelated to , , , , , , and but related to the original version of and perhaps related to .

The notion that  / (zhēn) belongs to the same series as (shí) is not generally accepted. If they are separated, Baxter-Sagart's reconstruction can be amended to *[g][i]p.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-ɢip.

Pronunciation

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Note: sī - used for "ten" in 20 to 99.
Note:
  • sae2/sieh7 - vernacular (used in counting);
  • seh7 - vernacular (used in compounds, e.g. 十三, 三十);
  • sih7 - literary.
Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p/se̍p - literary.
Note:
  • zab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • zag8 - Chenghai.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: zab8 / xib4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sap̚²/, /sip̚⁵/
Note:
  • zab8 - vernacular;
  • xib4 - literary.
Note:
  • 1so/3so/7soq/5so - only used before ;
  • 7seq/7syuq - only used in multiples of 10, e.g. 三十.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sip̚⁵/
/t͡sap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si⁵⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sap̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tap̚³/
/tɔp̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (25)
Final () (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong
/ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese
/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11452
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡjub/

Definitions

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  1. ten
  2. (figurative) topmost; utmost
      ―  shífēn  ―  very
      ―  shíquánshíměi  ―  perfect

See also

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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写)
, , , ,  /  / ,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
百萬 / 百万,
(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines)
 / 亿 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写)
 /  /  /

In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant for the numeral in Mandarin.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (じゅう) ()
  • Korean: 십(十) (sip)
  • Vietnamese: thập ()

Others:

Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal :

Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
じゅう
Grade: 1
goon
Kanji in this term
じっ
Grade: 1
kan'yōon
Alternative spelling
(financial)

/ʑipʉ//ʑiɸu//ʑɨu//ʑuː//ʑiʔ//ʑi~̚/

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyip). Compare literary Hokkien (si̍p).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) じゅ [júꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑɨː]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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(じゅう) (じふ (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Noun

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(じゅう) (じふ (zifu)?

  1. a ten-year-old

Affix

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(じゅう) or (じっ) (jū- or ji'-じふ (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
  2. tenth
  3. tenfold
  4. all, completely, perfect
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
とお
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo//towo//toː/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(とお) (とを (towo)?

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Shift from above.[2]

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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() (to

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨so1 → */sʷo//so/

From Old Japanese.

Used in compounds.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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() (so

  1. multiplied by ten: tenfold
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
しい
Grade: 1
irregular

From Mandarin (shí).[3]

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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(シー) (shī

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
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Coordinate terms

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Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0れい、ゼロrei, zero
1いちichi
2ni
3さんsan
4よん、しyon, shi
5go
6ろくroku
7なな、しちnana, shichi
8はちhachi
9きゅう、くkyū, ku
10じゅう
100ひゃくhyaku
1,000せんsen
10,000一万一萬いちまん、まんichiman, man
100,000,000一億いちおく、おくichioku, oku

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
100
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1
    Native isol.: (yeol)
    Native attr.: (yeol)
    Sino-Korean: (sip)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC dzyip).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 열〮 (Yale: yél) 십〮 (Yale: síp)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

(eumhun (yeol sip))

  1. hanja form? of (ten)
  2. hanja form? of (whole; complete; perfect)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: thập ((thực)(nhập)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of thập
    1. ten
    2. Kangxi radical 24—‘ten

Derived terms

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References

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