十

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See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
十 U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341
← 區
[U+5340] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卂 →
[U+5342]
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order
十-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 24 十

十 (radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 十
variant forms 拾 financial
什

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 十
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
十-bronze-shang.svg 十-oracle.svg 十-bronze.svg 十-bronze-spring.svg 十-bronze-warring.svg 十-silk.svg 十-slip.svg 十-seal.svg 十-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
針 *kjum, *kjums
汁 *kjub
卙 *kʰljub
十 *ɡjub
什 *ɡjub

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 十
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
    Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
    Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
    Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
    /t͡sap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si⁵⁴/
    /si⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sap̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tap̚³/
    /tɔp̚³/
    Rime
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 緝 (141)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 是執切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑip̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjep̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑip̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiəp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭĕp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯əp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shí
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyip ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*t.[ɡ]əp/
    English ten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11452
    Phonetic
    component         		十
    Rime
    group         		緝
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		十
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡjub/

    Definitions[edit]

    十

    1. ten
    2. (figuratively) topmost; utmost
    3. (figuratively) complete

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 十

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (十):
    • → Japanese: 十 (じゅう) (jū)
    • → Korean: 십 (十, sip)
    • → Vietnamese: thập (十)

    Others:

    Japanese[edit]

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  9 10 11  > 
        Cardinal : 十

    Kanji[edit]

    十

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • Audio
      		(file)

    Noun[edit]

    十 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū, historical hiragana じふ)

    1. ten

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Numbers in Japanese
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    零 (れい) (rei)
    ゼロ (zero)    		 一 (いち) (ichi) 二 (に) (ni) 三 (さん) (san) 四 (よん) (yon)
    四 (し) (shi)    		 五 (ご) (go) 六 (ろく) (roku) 七 (なな) (nana)
    七 (しち) (shichi)    		 八 (はち) (hachi) 九 (きゅう) (kyū)
    九 (く) (ku)
    10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
    十 (じゅう) (jū) 十 (じゅう)一 (いち) (jūichi) 十 (じゅう)二 (に) (jūni) 十 (じゅう)三 (さん) (jūsan) 十 (じゅう)四 (よん) (jūyon)
    十 (じゅう)四 (し) (jūshi)    		 十 (じゅう)五 (ご) (jūgo) 十 (じゅう)六 (ろく) (jūroku) 十 (じゅう)七 (なな) (jūnana)
    十 (じゅう)七 (しち) (jūshichi)    		 十 (じゅう)八 (はち) (jūhachi) 十 (じゅう)九 (きゅう) (jūkyū)
    十 (じゅう)九 (く) (jūku)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    /so1/: [so].

    Noun[edit]

    十 (hiragana そ, rōmaji so)

    1. ten; used in compounds
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    /to2/: [tə] > [to].

    Noun[edit]

    十 (hiragana と, rōmaji to)

    1. ten

    Etymology 4[edit]

    /to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].

    Noun[edit]

    十 (hiragana とお, rōmaji tō, historical hiragana とを)

    1. ten

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    十 • (sip)

    1. (열 십, yeol sip): ten, ten times.

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

    1. Hán tự form of thập (“ten”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ^ Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=十&oldid=51263496"