十

See also: 〸 and 拾

§Translingual

Character	十
Unicode name	CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341
Code point	U+5341
Unicode block	CJK Unified Ideographs
← 區 [U+5340] [U+5342] 卂 →

Stroke order

Stroke order

§Etymology

The idea of the strokes that make up 十 is one of compression into a single unit. Thus, 十 acquires the meaning of ten because it is a major unit used in counting.

Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

§Han character

十 (radical 24 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 4000₀, composition ⿻一丨)

1. KangXi radical 十

§References

• KangXi: page 155, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
• Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5341

§See also

• (Chinese financial form): 拾
• (Powers of ten): 百

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§Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		十

§Etymology

From Old Chinese *gjub, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip (compare Classical Tibetan kyip)

§Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí (shi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sap⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): sṳ̍p, shi̍p
• Min Nan (POJ): si̍p / cha̍p
• Wu (WT Romanisation): zeq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Wade-Giles: shih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sap⁶
    • Yale: sahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p, shi̍p
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p / cha̍p
    • Tâi-lô: si̍p / tsa̍p
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕip̚⁴/, /t͡sap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕip̚¹²¹/, /t͡sap̚¹²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: zeq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /z̻əʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (十, reconstructed)
Character (十), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 常 (25) Final: 緝 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 是執切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡ʑiɪp̚/	/ʑi̯əp̚/	/ʑiəp̚/	/d͡ʑip̚/	/d͡ʑip̚/	/ʑĭĕp̚/	/d͡ʑjep̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (十, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
十								shí								‹ dzyip ›								/*t.[ɡ]əp/								ten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
十					11452					十					緝					3					十					/*ɡjub/

§Numeral

十

1. ten

§Synonyms

• Banker's numerals : 拾, 什

§See also

• (Chinese written numbers): 零 or 〇， 一， 二， 三， 四， 五， 六， 七， 八， 九， 十， 百， 千， 萬／万， 億／亿

§Compounds

• 十进分类法 (十進分類法)
• 十年河东，十年河西 (十年河東，十年河西)
• 十全大补汤 (十全大補湯)
• 十万八千里 (十萬八千里)
• 十字军东征 (十字軍東征)

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§Japanese

§Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

§Number

Japanese cardinal numbers

9	10	11
Cardinal : 十

十 (じゅう, jū)

十 (とお, tō)

十 (と, to)

1. ten

§Etymology 1

/so1/: [so].

§Noun

十 (hiragana そ, romaji so)

1. ten; used in compounds

§Compounds

• 十六夜 (いざよい, izayoi): the sixteenth night of every month
• 三十日 (misoka)
• 三十路 (misoji)
• 四十 (yoso)

§Etymology 2

/to2/: [tə] > [to].

§Noun

十 (hiragana と, romaji to)

1. ten

§Etymology 3

/to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].

§Noun

十 (hiragana とお, romaji tō, historical hiragana とを)

1. ten

§Kanji

十

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

§Readings

• Goon: じゅう (jū) < じふ (jifu), じっ (ji[p/t/k/s]) (before /p, t, k, s/)
• Kan’on: しゅう (shū) < しふ (shifu) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’yōon: じゅっ (ju[p/t/k/s]) (before /p, t, k, s/)
• Kun: とお (tō) < とを (towo), と (to)
• Nanori: い (i), か (ka), ぎ (gi), さ (sa), し (shi), そ (so), そう (sō), ち (chi), とう (tō), ね (ne), ま (ma), る (ru), わ (wa)

§Compounds

• 十雨 (jūu)
• 十戒, 十誡 (jikkai): the Ten Commandments
• 十月 (jūgatsu)
• 十姉妹 (jūshimatsu)
• 十字 (jūji)
• 十手 (jitte): martial arts truncheon
• 十種競技 (jisshu kyōgi): decathlon
• 十進法 (jisshinhō): decimal system
• 十人並 (jūninnami)
• 十全 (jūzen)
• 十哲 (jittetsu)
• 十能 (jūnō): small fire shovel
• 十把一絡 (jippa hitokarage)
• 十部門分類法 (jūbumon bunruihō)
• 十分 (jūbun)
• 十万億土 (jūman'okudo)
• 十目 (jūmoku)
• 十薬 (jūyaku)
• 十露盤 (soroban)

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§Korean

§Hanja

十 (sip)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 십 (revised: sip, McCune-Reischauer: ship, Yale: sip)

• Name (hangeul): 열 (revised: yeol, McCune-Reischauer: yŏl, Yale: yel)

1. (열 십, yeol sip): ten, ten times.
   • 天九地十 (易經)

§Compounds

• 十字 (십자, sipja) the character "十" or its shape, hence, cross, chi, X, +, etc.
• 十中八九 (십중팔구, sipjung-palgu) eight or nine out of ten.
• 十干 (십간)
• 十二支 (십이지)

§References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 十

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§Vietnamese

§Han character

十

§Readings

• âm: thập
• nghĩa (literal meaning): mười

§Number

十

1. Han form of mười (ten)

§Compounds

• thập ác (a cross)
• thập niên (a decade)

§References

• Nôm Foundation
• Viet Dictionary