十

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See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
十 U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341
← 區
[U+5340] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卂 →
[U+5342]
⼗ U+2F17, ⼗
KANGXI RADICAL TEN
← ⼖
[U+2F16] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼘ →
[U+2F18]
㈩ U+3229, ㈩
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN
← ㈨
[U+3228] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈪ →
[U+322A]
㊉ U+3289, ㊉
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TEN
← ㊈
[U+3288] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊊ →
[U+328A]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 24 十

十 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №54

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 十
alternative forms 拾 financial
什

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 十
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
針 *kjum, *kjums
汁 *kjub
卙 *kʰljub
十 *ɡjub
什 *ɡjub

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: sī - used for "ten" in 20 to 99.
Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p/se̍p - literary.
Note:
  • zab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • zag8 - Chenghai.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 十
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
    Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
    Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
    Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
    /t͡sap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si⁵⁴/
    /si⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sap̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tap̚³/
    /tɔp̚³/
    Rime
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 侵 (141)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 是執切
    Baxter dzyip
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑip̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjep̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑip̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiəp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭĕp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯əp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sap6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyip ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*t.[ɡ]əp/
    English ten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11452
    Phonetic
    component         		十
    Rime
    group         		緝
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		十
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡjub/

    Definitions[edit]

    十

    1. ten
    2. (figurative) topmost; utmost
      十分  ―  shífēn  ―  very
      十全十美  ―  shíquánshíměi  ―  perfect

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 十

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (十):
    • → Japanese: 十(じゅう) (jū)
    • → Korean: 십(十) (sip)
    • → Vietnamese: thập (十)

    Others:

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    十

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    十
    じゅう
    Grade: 1
    goon
    Alternative spelling
    拾 (financial)
    Kanji in this term
    十
    じっ
    Grade: 1
    kan’yōon
    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  9 10 11  > 
        Cardinal : 十

    /ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/

    From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Numeral[edit]

    十(じゅう) • (jū) ←じふ (zifu)?

    1. ten, 10
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]
    Proverbs[edit]
    Coordinate terms[edit]
    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    Noun[edit]

    十(じゅう) • (jū) ←じふ (zifu)?

    1. a ten-year-old

    Affix[edit]

    十(じゅう) or 十(じっ) • (jū or ji') ←じふ (zifu)?

    1. ten, 10
    2. tenth
    3. tenfold
    4. all, completely, perfect
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    十
    とお
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

    From Old Japanese.

    Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwo.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Numeral[edit]

    十(とお) • (tō) ←とを (towo)?

    1. ten, 10
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]
    Proverbs[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    十
    と
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Shift from tō above.[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Numeral[edit]

    十(と) • (to) 

    1. ten, 10
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    十
    そ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨so1⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/

    From Old Japanese.

    Used in compounds.

    Affix[edit]

    十(そ) • (so) 

    1. multiplied by ten: tenfold
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    十
    しい
    Grade: 1
    irregular

    From Mandarin 十 (shí).[3]

    Numeral[edit]

    十(シー) • (shī) 

    1. ten, 10
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    3. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Korean numbers (edit)
    100
     ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
    1
        Native isol.: 열 (yeol)
        Native attr.: 열 (yeol)
        Sino-Korean: 십 (sip)
        Hanja: 十
        Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae)

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 열〮 (Yale: yél) 십〮 (Yale: síp)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    十 (eumhun 열 십 (yeol sip))

    1. Hanja form? of 십 (“ten”).
    2. Hanja form? of 십 (“whole; complete; perfect”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

    1. chữ Hán form of thập (“ten”).

    Derived terms[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ^ Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
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