準

See also: 准 and 凖

準 U+6E96, 準 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E96 ← 溕 [U+6E95] CJK Unified Ideographs 溗 → [U+6E97]

Translingual

Han character

準 (radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水土十 (EGJ), four-corner 3040₁, composition ⿱淮十)

References

• KangXi: page 639, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17934
• Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1700, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6E96

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Chinese

trad.		準
simp.		准*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (隼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
隼	*sqʰʷinʔ
榫	*sqʰʷinʔ
准	*qʷjinʔ
準	*qʷjinʔ, *qʷjed

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʷjinʔ, *qʷjed): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 隼 (OC *sqʰʷinʔ).

Original meaning was “water level”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǔn (zhun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon², zyut³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chún
• Jin (Wiktionary): zung²
• Min Dong (BUC): cūng
• Min Nan (POJ): chún
• Wu (Wiktionary): tsen (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Wade–Giles: chun3
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeon², zyut³
    • Yale: jéun, jyut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen², dzyt⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: zên², jud³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃɵn³⁵/, /t͡ʃyːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chún
    • Hakka Romanization System: zun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zun³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sun³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zung²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sũŋ⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cūng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chún
    • Tâi-lô: tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuon
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tsen (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səɲ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiuɪn^X/, /t͡ɕiuᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	準	準
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之尹切	職悅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiuɪnX/	/t͡ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʷinX/	/t͡ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjuenX/	/t͡ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cwinX/	/cwiat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/	/t͡ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/	/t͡ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/	/t͡ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǔn	zhuo

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*turʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʷjinʔ/, /*qʷjed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywinX ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	準	準
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12189	12190
Phonetic component	隼	隼
Rime group	眞	月
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	準	拙
Old Chinese	/*qʷjinʔ/	/*qʷjed/
Notes		通出頁見漢書

Definitions

準

1. standard; criterion; norm
   • 標準／标准 (biāozhǔn, “standard, norm”)
   • 準則／准则 (zhǔnzé, “standard, norm”)
   • 基準／基准 (jīzhǔn, “norm, reference frame”)
2. accurate; exact
   • 這塊手錶很準。 / 这块手表很准。  ―  Zhè kuài shǒubiǎo hěn zhǔn.  ―  This watch keeps time very well.

   • 他的槍法真準，一個移動靶都沒有漏射。 [MSC, trad.]
     他的枪法真准，一个移动靶都没有漏射。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā de qiāngfǎ zhēn zhǔn, yī ge yídòng bǎ dōu méi yǒu lòu shè. [Pinyin]

     He is good with a gun, he doesn't miss any moving target.

3. certainly; surely
   • 那準不對。 / 那准不对。  ―  Nà zhǔn bù duì.  ―  That is definitely wrong.

   • 他準是開玩笑,要不就是瘋了。 [MSC, trad.]
     他准是开玩笑,要不就是疯了。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā zhǔn shì kāiwánxiào, yàobù jiù shì fēng le. [Pinyin]

     He must be joking or else he's mad.

4. quasi-; pene-; para-

Compounds

Derived terms from 準

• 一準／一准 (yīzhǔn)
• 三準／三准
• 不作準／不作准 (bùzuòzhǔn)
• 不準／不准 (bùzhǔn)
• 不當準／不当准
• 低標準／低标准
• 侵蝕基準／侵蚀基准
• 價值標準／价值标准
• 合準／合准
• 國家標準／国家标准 (guójiā biāozhǔn)
• 國際水準／国际水准
• 國際準備／国际准备
• 基準／基准 (jīzhǔn)
• 基準兵／基准兵
• 基準面／基准面
• 基準點／基准点 (jīzhǔndiǎn)
• 定準／定准
• 對準／对准 (duìzhǔn)
• 平準／平准
• 平準基金／平准基金
• 憑準／凭准 (píngzhǔn)
• 抱負水準／抱负水准
• 推情準理／推情准理
• 文化水準／文化水准
• 有準兒／有准儿
• 校準／校准 (jiàozhǔn)
• 標準／标准 (biāozhǔn)
• 標準元音／标准元音

• 標準制／标准制
• 標準動作／标准动作
• 標準字體／标准字体
• 標準時／标准时 (biāozhǔnshí)
• 標準時區／标准时区
• 標準時間／标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
• 標準桿／标准杆
• 標準舞／标准舞
• 標準語／标准语 (biāozhǔnyǔ)
• 標準鏡頭／标准镜头
• 標準音／标准音
• 水準／水准 (shuǐzhǔn)
• 水準儀／水准仪
• 水準器／水准器 (shuǐzhǔnqì)
• 水準測量／水准测量
• 沒有準兒／没有准儿
• 沒準／没准
• 沒準兒／没准儿 (méizhǔnr)
• 沒準頭／没准头
• 準保／准保 (zhǔnbǎo)
• 準備／准备 (zhǔnbèi)
• 準備金／准备金 (zhǔnbèijīn)
• 準兒／准儿 (zhǔnr)
• 準則／准则 (zhǔnzé)
• 準平原／准平原
• 準式／准式
• 準據／准据

• 準擬／准拟
• 準星／准星 (zhǔnxīng)
• 準時／准时 (zhǔnshí)
• 準的／准的
• 準確／准确 (zhǔnquè)
• 準確度／准确度 (zhǔnquèdù)
• 準線／准线 (zhǔnxiàn)
• 準繩／准绳 (zhǔnshéng)
• 準話／准话
• 準譜兒／准谱儿
• 準貨幣／准货币
• 準頭／准头
• 準點／准点
• 生活水準／生活水准 (shēnghuó shuǐzhǔn)
• 看準／看准
• 瞄準／瞄准 (miáozhǔn)
• 精準／精准 (jīngzhǔn)
• 職業水準／职业水准
• 若準／若准 (nā-chún)
• 蜂準／蜂准
• 規矩準繩／规矩准绳
• 認準／认准
• 隆準／隆准
• 音準／音准
• 高標準／高标准
• 鵝準／鹅准
• 鼻準／鼻准 (bízhǔn)

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Japanese

Kanji

準

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しゅん (shun)^{←しゆん (syun, historical)}; せち (sechi)^{←せち (seti, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅん (shun)^{←しゆん (syun, historical)}; せつ (setsu)^{←せつ (setu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)^{←じゆん (zyun, historical)}
• Kun: ひとしい (hitoshii, 準); みずもり (mizumori, みずもり)^{←みづもり (midumori, historical)}; のり (nori, 準)

Compounds

Compounds

• 準(じゅん)星(せい) (junsei): quasar
• 準(じゅん)惑(わく)星(せい) (junwakusei): dwarf planet
• 準(じゅん)備(び) (junbi): preparations
• 水(すい)準(じゅん) (suijun): level
• 標(ひょう)準(じゅん) (hyōjun): standard
• 基(き)準(じゅん) (kijun): basis

Proper noun

準(ひとし) • (Hitoshi) 

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

準 • (jun, jeol) (hangeul 준, 절, revised jun, jeol, McCune–Reischauer chun, chŏl, Yale cwun, cel)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

準 (chuẩn, choán, chốn, chủn, trúng, trốn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.