準

See also: 准 and 凖

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʷjinʔ, *qʷjed): semantic 水 ‎(“water”) + phonetic 隼 ‎(OC *sqʰʷinʔ)

Original meaning was "water level."

Han character

準 (radical 85 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水土十 (EGJ), four-corner 3040₁, composition ⿱淮十)

1. rule, guideline, standard
2. rank next to, follow
3. (prefix) quasi-, pene-, para-, sub-, semi-, demi-

References

• KangXi: page 639, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17934
• Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1700, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6E96

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Chinese

trad.		準/准
simp.		准

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǔn (zhun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon², zyut³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chún
• Min Nan (POJ): chún

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chun³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeon², zyut³
    • Yale: jéun, jyut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen², dzyt⁸
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɵn³⁵/, /t͡ɕyːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chún
    • Hakka Romanization System: zun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zun³
    • IPA: /t͡sun³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chún
    • Tâi-lô: tsún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuon
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiuɪn^X/, /t͡ɕiuᴇt̚/▼

Rime
Character	準	準
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之尹切	職悅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiuɪnX/	/t͡ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʷinX/	/t͡ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjuenX/	/t͡ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cwinX/	/cwiat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/	/t͡ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/	/t͡ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/	/t͡ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǔn	zhuo

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*turʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʷjinʔ/, /*qʷjed/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	準
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsywinX ›
Old Chinese	/*turʔ/
English	water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	準	準
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12189	12190
Phonetic component	隼	隼
Rime group	眞	月
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	準	拙
Old Chinese	/*qʷjinʔ/	/*qʷjed/
Notes		通出頁見漢書

Definitions

準

1. standard; criterion; norm
   • 標準／标准 (biāozhǔn, “standard, norm”)
   • 準則／准则 (zhǔnzé, “standard, norm”)
   • 基準／基准 (jīzhǔn, “norm, reference frame”)

Adjective

準

1. accurate; exact
   • 這塊手錶很準。 / 这块手表很准。  ―  Zhè kuài shǒubiǎo hěn zhǔn.  ―  This watch keeps correct time.

   • 他的槍法真準，一個移動靶都沒有漏射。 [MSC, trad.]

     他的枪法真准，一个移动靶都没有漏射。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā de qiāngfǎ zhēn zhǔn, yī ge yídòng bǎ dōu méi yǒu lòu shè. [Pinyin]

     He is good with a gun, he doesn't miss any moving target.

2. quasi-; pene-; para-

Adverb

準

1. certainly; surely
   • 那準不對。 / 那准不对。  ―  Nà zhǔn bù duì.  ―  That is definitely wrong.

   • 他準是開玩笑,要不就是瘋了。 [MSC, trad.]

     他准是开玩笑,要不就是疯了。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā zhǔn shì kāiwánxiào, yàobù jiù shì fēng le. [Pinyin]

     He must be joking or else he's mad.

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Japanese

Kanji

準

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: しゅん (shun), せち (sechi)
• Kan’on: しゅん (shun), せつ (setsu)
• Kan’yōon: じゅん (jun)
• Kun: ひとしい (hitoshii), みずもり (mizumori), のり (nori)

Compounds

Compounds

準星 (じゅんせい) ‎(junsei): quasar 準備 (じゅんび) ‎(junbi): preparations 水準 (すいじゅん) ‎(suijun): level 標準 (ひょうじゅん) ‎(hyōjun): standard 基準 (きじゅん) ‎(kijun): basis

Proper noun

準 ‎(hiragana ひとし, romaji Hitoshi)

1. A male given name

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Korean

Hanja

準 • ‎(jun, jeol) (hangeul 준, 절, revised jun, jeol, McCune-Reischauer chun, chŏl, Yale cwun, cel)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

準 (chuẩn, choán, chốn, chủn, trúng, trốn)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.