射

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射 U+5C04, 射
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C04
← 尃
[U+5C03] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 尅 →
[U+5C05]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

射 (radical 41, 寸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹木戈 (HHDI), four-corner 24200, composition ⿰身寸)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 294, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7434
  • Dae Jaweon: page 582, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 506, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5C04

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 射

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 射
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
射-oracle.svg 射-bronze.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (射) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謝 *ljaːɡs
榭 *ljaːɡs
射 *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ
麝 *ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 弓 (“bow”) + 寸 (“hand, wrist”), with an arrow readied (which resembles the ancient character for 矢 rotated 90 degrees). The left-side component was assimilated into 身 before or during the clerical script period.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 射
Mandarin Beijing /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂɤ⁵³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʂə²¹/
Qingdao /ʃə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂɤ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʐɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /sɤ³⁵/
Chengdu /se¹³/
Guiyang /sɛ²¹³/
Kunming /ʂə²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂəʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
Hohhot /sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
/zo²³/
Suzhou /zo³¹/
/zoʔ³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷei¹³/
Wenzhou /zei²²/
Hui Shexian /ɕie²²/
/ɕia²²/
Tunxi /ɕia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂə⁵⁵/
/ʂa⁵⁵/ ～石头
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sa⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛ²²/
Nanning /sɛ²²/
Hong Kong /sɛ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sia²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sia²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ia⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sia³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tia²³/
Rime
Character 射
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 神夜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑiaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑiaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑiaH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiaH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭaH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shè
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 射
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.lAk-s/
English shoot; archer

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 1/4
No. 11223
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		射
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢljaːɡs/

Definitions[edit]

射

  1. to shoot, to launch, to eject
  2. to guess
  3. to allude to
  4. to emit
  5. (colloquial) to ejaculate
  6. † archery

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 射

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 射
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食亦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shí
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 射
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.lAk/
English hit with bow and arrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 3/4
No. 11226
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		麝
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢljaːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

射

  1. † to hit with bow and arrow

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Rime
Character 射
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊謝切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiaH/
Li
Rong 		/iaH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭaH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yè
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 2/4
No. 11225
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		夜
Old
Chinese 		/*laːɡs/

Definitions[edit]

射

  1. Only used in 射干 (yègān) and 僕射／仆射 (púyè).

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Rime
Character 射
Reading # 3/4
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊益切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/iɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 4/4
No. 11228
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		繹
Old
Chinese 		/*laːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

射

  1. Only used in 無射／无射.

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

射

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. shoot
  2. archery

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC ʑiaH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

射 (eumhun 쏠 사 (ssol sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“to shoot”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC ʑiᴇk̚).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

射 (eumhun 맞힐 석 (machil seok))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of 석 (“to hit with bow and arrow”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC jiaH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

射 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 야 (byeoseul ireum ya))

  1. (historical) Hanja form? of 야 (“title of an official”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC jiᴇk̚).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

射 (eumhun 음률(音律) 역 (eumnyul yeok))

  1. Hanja form? of 역 (“eleventh note of the Shí-èr-lǜ musical scale”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

射: Hán Nôm readings: xạ, dạ, dịch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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