射

射	U+5C04, 射 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C04

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

射 (radical 41, 寸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹木戈 (HHDI), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰身寸)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 294, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7434
Dae Jaweon: page 582, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 506, character 10
Unihan data for U+5C04

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		射

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 射
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (射) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
謝	*ljaːɡs
榭	*ljaːɡs
射	ɢljaːɡs, laːɡs, ɢljaːɡ, laːɡ
麝	ɢljaːɡs, ɢljaːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 弓 (“bow”) + 寸 (“hand, wrist”), with an arrow readied (which resembles the ancient character for 矢 rotated 90 degrees). The left-side component was assimilated into 身 before or during the clerical script period.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shè (she⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ

(Chengdu, SP): se⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): se⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sie⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): sa⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sa

(Meixian, Guangdong): sa⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): se³
Min Bei (KCR): ià
Min Dong (BUC): siâ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): siā

(Teochew, Peng'im): sia⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): zoq (T5); zo (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): she⁴ / sha⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shè
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shê⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: se⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: se
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: se⁶
  - Yale: seh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: se⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sé⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sie⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛ³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: sa⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sa¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa
  - Hakka Romanization System: sa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sa⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sa⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: se³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɤ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ià
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁴²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɑ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
  - Tâi-lô: siā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sia
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕia³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕia²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɕia⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sia⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sia¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zoq (T5); zo (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̻ʊʔ¹²/, /z̻o²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: she⁴ / sha⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂɤ̞⁴⁵/, /ʂa̠⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sɤ̞⁴⁵/, /sa̠⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 射
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂɤ⁵³/ /sɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂə²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂɤ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɛ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sɤ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/se¹³/
	Guiyang	/sɛ²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂə²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʂəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʂe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sɤ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zoʔ¹/ /zo²³/
	Suzhou	/zo³¹/ /zoʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie²²/ /ɕia²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂə⁵⁵/ /ʂa⁵⁵/ ～石头
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɑ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sa⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɛ²²/
	Nanning	/sɛ²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɛ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sia²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sia²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ia⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/sia³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tia²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʑia^H/

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	神夜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑia^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑia^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑia^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑia^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑia^H/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭa^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯a^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	射
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ zyæ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lAk-s/
English	shoot; archer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	1/4
No.	11223
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	射
Old Chinese	/*ɢljaːɡs/

Definitions[edit]

射

to shoot, to launch, to eject
to guess
to allude to
to emit
(colloquial) to ejaculate
^† archery

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 射

射箭 (shèjiàn)
射精 (shèjīng)
射精管 (shèjīngguǎn)
射糧／射粮
射線／射线 (shèxiàn)
射聲／射声
射覆
射鉤／射钩
射門／射门 (shèmén)
射電天文學／射电天文学
射電望遠鏡／射电望远镜
射頻／射频 (shèpín)
射魚／射鱼
射魚指天／射鱼指天
射鵰手／射雕手
對空射擊／对空射击
巴氏反射
平射炮
弋不射宿
彈射／弹射
影射 (yǐngshè)
投射 (tóushè)
投射作用
折射 (zhéshè)
折射線／折射线
折射角 (zhéshèjiǎo)
掃射／扫射 (sǎoshè)
掩護射擊／掩护射击
攢射／攒射
放射 (fàngshè)
放射化學／放射化学 (fàngshè huàxué)
放射性 (fàngshèxìng)
放射汙染／放射污染
放射源
放射線／放射线 (fàngshèxiàn)
散射 (sǎnshè)
斜射
日射角
映射 (yìngshè)
暗射 (ànshè)
暗射地圖／暗射地图 (ànshè dìtú)
曲射炮
有效射程 (yǒuxiào shèchéng)
李廣射虎／李广射虎
條件反射／条件反射 (tiáojiàn fǎnshè)
水射流
注射 (zhùshè)
注射劑／注射剂 (zhùshèjì)
注射器 (zhùshèqì)
注射筒 (zhùshètǒng)
游離輻射／游离辐射
漫反射 (mànfǎnshè)
漫射 (mànshè)
照射 (zhàoshè)
照明射擊／照明射击

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shí, shè (shi², she⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ, ㄕㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶, se⁶
Min Dong (BUC): ĭk
Min Nan (POJ): se̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
  - Wade–Giles: shih²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shè
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shê⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sik⁶, se⁶
  - Yale: sihk, seh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹, se⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶, sé⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚²/, /sɛː²²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
  - Tâi-lô: si̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʑiᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食亦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	射
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ zyek ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lAk/
English	hit with bow and arrow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	3/4
No.	11226
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	麝
Old Chinese	/*ɢljaːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

射

^† to hit with bow and arrow

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yè (ye⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁶
Min Nan (POJ): ià

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yè
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: je⁶
  - Yale: yeh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: je⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yé⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ià
  - Tâi-lô: ià
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iax
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ia²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ia¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia²¹/

Middle Chinese: /jia^H/

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊謝切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jia^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jia^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ia^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jia^H/
Li Rong	/ia^H/
Wang Li	/jĭa^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯a^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	2/4
No.	11225
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	夜
Old Chinese	/*laːɡs/

Definitions[edit]

射

Only used in 射干 (yègān) and 僕射／仆射 (púyè).

Pronunciation 4[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì, shè (yi⁴, she⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ, ㄕㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶
Min Nan (POJ): e̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shè
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: shê⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik⁶
  - Yale: yihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
  - Tâi-lô: i̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /jiᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	4/4
No.	11228
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

射

Only used in 無射／无射.

References[edit]

“射”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

射

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: じゃ (ja)^{←じや (zya, historical)}; や (ya); やく (yaku)
Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}; や (ya); えき (eki)
On: せき (seki)
Kun: いる (iru, 射る, Jōyō)^{←いる (iru, historical)}^{←𛀆る (yiru, ancient)}; あてる (ateru, 射てる); さす (sasu, 射す); いとう (itō)^{←いたふ (itafu, historical)}; あきる (akiru)
Nanori: い (i); いり (iri)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

射(しゃ)撃(げき) (shageki, “marksmanship”)
射光
射(しゃ)幸(こう)心(しん) (shakōshin, “passion for gambling”)
射(しゃ)程(てい) (shatei, “range of a firearm”)

射(しゃ)的(てき) (shateki, “target practice”)
射覆
射(しゃ)利(り) (shari, “love of money”)
射手座(いてざ) (iteza, “Sagittarius (astrology)”)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC ʑia^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 썅〮 (Yale: ssyá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 쌰〯 (Yale: ssyǎ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. Recorded as Middle Korean 샤^訓 (Yale: sya) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
Phonetic hangul: [사]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

射

Wikisource

射 (eumhun 쏠 사 (ssol sa))

Hanja form^? of 사 (“to shoot”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

발사 (發射, balsa)
사격 (射擊, sagyeok)
주사 (注射, jusa)
반사 (反射, bansa)
난사 (亂射, nansa)
사수 (射手, sasu)
복사 (輻射, boksa)
일사 (日射, ilsa)
사행 (射倖, sahaeng)
사영 (射影, sayeong)
방사 (放射, bangsa)
사정 (射精, sajeong)
사살 (射殺, sasal)
투사 (投射, tusa)
사간 (射干, sagan)
사적 (射的, sajeok)
사출 (射出, sachul)
기사 (騎射, gisa)
분사 (噴射, bunsa)
사각 (射角, sagak)
조사 (照射, josa)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC ʑiᴇk̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 셕^訓 (Yale: syek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [석]

Hanja[edit]

射 (eumhun 맞힐 석 (machil seok))

(literary) Hanja form^? of 석 (“to hit with bow and arrow”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

석복/사복 (射覆, seokbok/sabok)
석부 (射復, seokbu)
석중 (射中, seokjung)
익불사숙 (弋不射宿, ikbulsasuk)

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC jia^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 양〮 (Yale: yá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠]
Phonetic hangul: [야]

Hanja[edit]

射 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 야 (byeoseul ireum ya))

(historical) Hanja form^? of 야 (“title of an official”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

복야 (僕射, bogya)
상서복야 (尙書僕射, sangseobogya)

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC jiᴇk̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (Yale: yék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [역]

Hanja[edit]

射 (eumhun 음률(音律) 역 (eumnyul yeok))

Hanja form^? of 역 (“eleventh note of the Shí-èr-lǜ musical scale”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

무역 (無射, muyeok)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

射: Hán Nôm readings: xạ, dạ, dịch

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

射

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Chinese[edit]

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Pronunciation 1[edit]

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Japanese[edit]

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Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

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Etymology 2[edit]

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Etymology 3[edit]

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Etymology 4[edit]

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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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