夜

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夜 U+591C, 夜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-591C
← 夛
[U+591B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夝 →
[U+591D]
See also: 亱

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order
夜-order.gif

Han character[edit]

夜 (radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 246, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
  • Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 285, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+591C

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 夜
alternative forms 亱
𠙇
𠙑
𡖍

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 夜
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
夜-bronze.svg 夜-seal.svg 夜-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
夜 *laːɡs
鵺 *laːɡs
迹 *ʔsleːɡ
跡 *ʔsleːɡ
亦 *laːɡ
弈 *laːɡ
奕 *laːɡ
帟 *laːɡ
腋 *laːɡ
掖 *laːɡ
焲 *laːɡ
液 *laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːɡs): phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”).

The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕; the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦, used phonetically.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).

Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *s-r(j)ak (“day; day (24 horus); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggests 夜 and 夕 have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ia5/ie5 - vernacular;
  • ie4 - literary.
Rime
Character 夜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊謝切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiaH/
Li
Rong 		/iaH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭaH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		we6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]Ak-s/
English night

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夜
Reading # 1/1
No. 14992
Phonetic
component 		亦
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		夜
Old
Chinese 		/*laːɡs/

Definitions[edit]

夜

  1. night
    See also: 晚
  2. occurring during the night
  3. (Cantonese) late (in the night)
    我呢排晚晚都好夜先返屋企。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ngo5 ni1 paai4 maan5 maan5 dou1 hou2 je6 sin1 faan1 uk1 kei5-2. [Jyutping]
    Recently, I've been going home quite late in the night.
  4. Classifier for the number of nights.
    三天兩夜 / 三天两夜  ―  sān tiān liǎng yè  ―  three days and two nights
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 晚上 (“late evening; night”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 夜, 夕, 暮, 暮夜, 宵, 暝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 晚上, 夜間, 晚間, 夜晚
Mandarin Beijing 晚上, 黑間, 黑家, 黑下, 晚半晌兒, 後晌
Taiwan 晚上
Tianjin 晚上, 晚半晌兒, 晚晌兒, 後晌兒, 黑後晌兒, 黑晌兒, 黑下
Langfang 黑嘍
Tangshan 晚上, 黑家
Cangzhou 晚上, 黑下
Baoding 晚上, 黑家
Shijiazhuang 黑家
Daming 黑瞎
Harbin 晚上, 下黑兒, 下晚兒黑, 黑家, 黑下, 夜裡
Muping 光晌黑兒, 黑子兒
Weifang (Weicheng) 後晌
Weifang (Fangzi) 後上
Weifang (Hanting) 後上
Changyi 下晚兒
Gaomi 下晚兒, 後晌
Zhucheng 後晌
Anqiu 後晌
Changle 後上
Linqu 後上
Qingzhou 後上
Shouguang 後上
Rizhao 後晌
Wulian 後晌
Jinan 後晌, 晚上, 夜裡, 黑夜
Luoyang 黑地
Wanrong 黑間, 黑家
Kaifeng 黑嘍
Xi'an 黑咧
Yinchuan 晚夕, 晚上
Lanzhou 晚夕
Xining 晚夕
Ürümqi 黑裡, 晚上, 晚夕
Wuhan 晚上, 黑了, 夜晚, 夜晚心, 夜心
Chengdu 黑了, 晚上
Chongqing 晚上, 晚黑
Guiyang 晚些家, 晚些, 晚上家, 晚上, 下晚
Kunming 晚辰, 晚起, 晚辰家
Guilin 晚上
Liuzhou 晚夜, 夜晚, 晚上, 夜裡, 夜晚頭
Tianlin (Langping) 夜晚
Xuzhou 黑來, 晚黑, 夜來
Yangzhou 晚上
Nanjing 晚上, 夜裡頭, 夜裡
Hefei 晚上
Chuzhou 夜裡
Nantong 夜頭
Singapore 晚上
Mae Salong (Lancang) 夜, 黑了
Mikhaylovka (Taz) 下晚兒
Cantonese Guangzhou 夜晚黑, 夜晚, 晚黑, 晚頭, 晚頭夜, 晚頭黑
Hong Kong 夜晚黑, 夜晚, 晚黑, 晚頭 rare, 晚頭夜 rare, 晚頭黑 rare
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 入夜, 晚頭黑
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 夜晚黑, 夜晚
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 夜晚頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 夜晚, 夜晚頭
Macau 晚頭黑, 夜晚
Panyu 夜晚黑
Huadu (Huashan) 晚頭黑
Conghua 夜晚
Zengcheng 夜晚黑
Foshan 夜晚黑
Nanhai (Shatou) 夜晚黑
Shunde 夜晚
Sanshui 夜晚
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 夜晚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 晚黑
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 夜晚黑
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 夜晚黑
Doumen 夜晚黑
Jiangmen (Baisha) 晚黑
Xinhui 晚黑
Taishan 夜晚, 夜晚黑, 晚黑, 黑晚, 夜黑, 晚頭, 晚頭黑
Taishan (Guanghai) 晚上
Kaiping (Chikan) 夜晚, 夜晚黑, 晚黑
Enping (Niujiang) 黑晚夜
Heshan (Yayao) 晚黑, 夜晚
Dongguan 晚頭黑, 晚頭, 晚黑
Bao'an (Shajing) 晚頭
Qingyuan 夜晚
Fogang 夜晚
Yingde (Hanguang) 夜晚黑
Yangshan 夜頭
Lianshan (Butian) 夜頭
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 夜頭
Shaoguan 夜晚黑
Qujiang 夜晚
Renhua 夜晚
Lechang 夜晚
Gaoyao 夜晚, 晚頭
Sihui 夜晚黑
Guangning 夜晚夜
Deqing 夜晚黑
Huaiji 夜, 夜晚
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 夜晚
Yunfu 夜晚黑
Xinxing 晚黑
Luoding 夜晚
Yunan (Pingtai) 晚黑
Yangjiang 晚黑, 夜晚黑
Xinyi 晚黑
Maoming (Xinpo) 晚黑, 晚間黑
Lianjiang 晚黑
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 晚間
Nanning 夜晚
Wuzhou 晚黑
Yulin 夜墨
Hepu (Lianzhou) 斷暗, 夜晚頭
Guiping 夜晚
Guiping (Jintian) 夜晚
Guiping (Jiangkou) 夜晚, 晚黑, 夜裡
Guiping (Madong) 夜頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 夜晚
Guigang (Nanjiang) 夜晚
Beiliu (Tangliao) 夜晚
Baise 夜晚
Bobai 夜裡頭
Lingshan 夜裡頭
Pubei 夜晚
Qinzhou 晚頭
Beihai 晚頭, 晚頭黑
Beihai (Nankang) 黑, 晚黑頭, 晚間頭
Beihai (Yingpan) 晚頭黑
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 晚黑, 晚間頭
Ningming 晚上
Hengxian 到夜
Hezhou (Pumen) 夜頭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 晚黑, 夜晚
Danzhou 烏昏
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 晚頭, 夜晚
Singapore (Guangfu) 夜晚
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 晚黑, 夜晚
Móng Cái 晚黑, 夜晚
Yangon (Taishan) 晚頭
Mandalay (Taishan) 夜
Gan Nanchang 夜晚, 夜裡
Lichuan 夜上
Pingxiang 夜晡仔, 夜晡
Pengze 夜裡
Hakka Meixian 暗晡頭, 暗晡夜, 夜晡, 暗晡
Xingning 暗晡, 夜晡頭
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 黑晚
Huiyang 晚晨夜, 夜晡頭
Huidong (Daling) 暗晡夜, 晚晨夜
Dongguan (Qingxi) 夜晡晨, 晚晨夜
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 夜晡晨
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 夜晚
Wuhua (Huacheng) 暗晡, 暗晡夜, 夜晡晨, 夜晡頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 暗矕
Wengyuan 夜晡頭
Qujiang 夜晡夜, 夜子頭
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 夜晡頭
Liannan 夜晡頭
Conghua (Lütian) 夜晡夜
Jiexi 暗晡頭
Luhe 夜晡時, 暗夜仔
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 暗晡時頭
Changting 暗晡
Wuping 暗晡
Wuping (Yanqian) 夜晡, 夜晡頭
Wuping (Pingyu) 夜晡, 暗晡
Liancheng 暗邊, 夜晡
Liancheng (Peitian) 夜晡夜
Ninghua 夜頭, 夜邊
Yudu 夜晡, 暗晡
Ningdu 夜晡晨
Ruijin 夜晡
Shicheng 夜辰
Shangyou 夜芒
Tonggu (Sandu) 暗晡
Ganzhou (Panlong) 夜晡
Dayu 夜晡
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
Liudui (S. Sixian) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡時節, 暗晡
Hsinchu (Hailu) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
Dongshi (Dabu) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
Hsinchu (Raoping) 暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 夜時頭, 暗夜時頭, 暗夜, 暗晡
Hong Kong 暗晡頭, 晚晨頭, 夜晚晨
Yangxi (Tangkou) 晚間
Yangchun (Sanjia) 晚間
Xinyi (Sihe) 夜
Xinyi (Qianpai) 夜晡夜
Gaozhou (Xindong) 晚間頭
Dianbai (Shalang) 暗今頭
Huazhou (Xin'an) 暗摸頭
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 暗晡夜
Lianjiang (Qingping) 晏晡頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 暗夜
Luchuan 夜晡間
Luchuan (Daqiao) 暗晡夜
Bobai (Shahe) 夜晡頭
Bobai (Longtan) 夜間頭
Bobai (Lingping) 夜晡間
Beiliu (Tang'an) 夜間頭
Beiliu (Gonghe) 夜摸
Xingye (Gaofeng) 夜間頭
Mashan (Pianlian) 到夜
Lingui (Xiaojiang) 夜晡
Pingle (Tong'an) 夜晡頭
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 夜晡, 夜晡頭, 暗晡
Sabah (Bao'an) 暗晡晨, 暗晚夜
Senai (Huiyang) 夜晡晨, 暗晡晨
Singkawang 夜晡頭
Pontianak (Meixian) 暗晡時, 暗晡夜
Bangkok (Meixian) 夜晡時
Huizhou Jixi 夜下, 夜上
Jin Taiyuan 黑夜, 黑咾
Yunzhou (Xicetian) 黑夜
Xinzhou 黑夜, 黑勞
Zhangjiakou 晚上, 黑夜
Handan 晚上, 黑來
Min Bei Jian'ou 暗暝, 暗暝頭
Jian'ou (Dikou) 暝暗, 暝暗頭
Songxi 暗暝
Zhenghe 暗暝
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 暗暝
Jianyang 暗暝
Wuyishan 暗暝
Pucheng (Shibei) 暗暝
Min Dong Fuzhou 暝晡, 暝晡頭, 兩晡頭
Changle 兩晡頭, 暝晡
Lianjiang 暝晡
Fuqing 暝晡, 脖頭
Pingtan 暝晡頭
Yongtai 暝晡頭, 暝晡
Minqing 暝晡
Gutian 暝晡
Pingnan 暝晡頭
Luoyuan 暝晡
Fu'an 暝晡
Ningde 暝晡
Xiapu 暝晡頭
Zherong 暝晡
Shouning 暝間
Zhouning 暝晡
Fuding 暝過頭
Matsu 暝晡
Min Nan Xiamen 暗暝, 暗時, 下昏, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暗頭時, 暝時, 下昏時
Xiamen (Tong'an) 暝時, 下昏, 下昏時
Quanzhou 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時
Jinjiang 暝時, 暗暝
Nan'an 暗時
Hui'an 暗暝, 暝時
Anxi 暗暝
Yongchun 暗暝, 暗時
Dehua 暝時
Zhangzhou 下昏, 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時, 暝昏, 暝昏暗
Longhai 下昏時
Changtai 暝間
Hua'an 下昏時
Nanjing 暝間, 下昏
Pinghe 暝時, 暗時
Zhangpu 下昏
Yunxiao 暝昏
Zhao'an 下昏, 下昏時, 暝昏時
Dongshan 暝昏時, 暝間
Taipei 下昏, 下昏暗時, 暗時, 暗頭仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 下昏暗, 暗時
Kaohsiung 下昏, 下暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔, 暝時
Yilan 下昏, 下暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔
Changhua (Lukang) 下昏暗, 暗時, 暗頭仔
Taichung 暗時, 暝時
Taichung (Wuqi) 暗時
Tainan 下昏, 下昏暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔, 暝時
Taitung 下暗
Hsinchu 暗時, 下昏暗時
Kinmen 暗時, 下昏時
Penghu (Magong) 暝時, 下昏, 此暝昏, 暗頭仔
Penang (Hokkien) 暗暝
Singapore (Hokkien) 暗暝, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時
Manila (Hokkien) 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暝時
Longyan 暗頭, 暗暝
Zhangping 暗昏時, 下昏
Zhangping (Yongfu) 暗時, 暗昏時, 暝時
Datian 暝昏頭
Pingnan (Shangdu) 夜裡, 暗昏時
Guiping (Xiaowen) 月昏, 月昏時, 遘昏
Guiping (Dongsheng) 下昏
Chaozhou 暝旰, 暗頭, 暝暗, 一暝
Shantou 暝旰, 暝暗, 暝昏囝, 暝昏時, 一暝
Chenghai 暝暗, 暝暗頭, 一暝
Jieyang 暝旰, 暝暗, 暝暗囝, 暝昏, 暝昏囝, 暝暗頭
Lufeng 暝時
Haifeng 暝昏, 暝時, 暝昏時
Bangkok (Teochew) 暝昏
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 暝昏囝, 暝時
Singapore (Teochew) 暝旰
Leizhou 暝昏, 暝頭, 暝旰
Wenchang 暝頭, 暗上
Haikou 暝頭, 暝昏, 暝暗
Qionghai 暝頭, 暝昏頭
Singapore (Hainanese) 暝頭
Puxian Min Putian 暝頭, 暝時頭, 暝頭時, 暝昏
Xianyou 暝頭, 暝時, 暝昏
Fuding (Aoyao) 暝昏頭
Min Zhong Yong'an 暝昏
Sanyuan 暝昏
Shaxian 暝昏
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 暝頭
Sanxiang 暝昏
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 夜裡
Nanning (Shajing) 夜裡頭
Hengxian (Baihe) 夜
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 夜下
Lingui (Wutong) 夜來, 夜晚
Lingui (Liutang) 夜晡時頭
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 夜時
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 夜時
Shehua Fu'an 暗晡頭
Fuding 暗晡頭
Sanming 暗晡
Shunchang 暗晡頭
Hua'an 暗晡時
Guixi (Zhangping) 暗
Cangnan 暗晡
Jingning 暗晡
Lishui 暗晡
Longyou 暗晡夜
Chaozhou 暗晡
Fengshun 暗晡時
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 黑頭
Wu Shanghai 夜頭, 夜裡頭, 夜裡向, 夜裡, 夜到頭, 夜到, 黃昏戌時 dated
Chongming 夜裡向, 夜頭, 夜來
Suzhou 夜裡, 夜裡向, 夜頭
Wuxi 夜頭
Changzhou 夜勒
Hangzhou 夜到, 夜到頭, 夜裡向, 夜裡, 夜裡頭
Danyang 夜頭, 夜裡
Ningbo 夜到, 夜到頭, 夜頭, 夜到晚頭, 夜到末頭
Wenzhou 黃昏, 夜裡
Jinhua 夜裡, 夜頭
Xiang Changsha 夜間子, 夜裡
Shuangfeng 夜裡, 夜唧
Loudi 夜界, 夜裡
Dialectal synonyms of 夜 (“night (counting)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 夜, 夕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 夜
Mandarin Singapore 晚
Cantonese Guangzhou 晚
Hong Kong 晚
Singapore (Guangfu) 晚
Min Nan Xiamen 暝, 暗
Quanzhou 暝, 暗
Zhangzhou 暝, 暗
Changtai 暝
Taipei 暝 GT, 暗 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 暝
Manila (Hokkien) 暗
Shantou 暝
Singapore (Teochew) 暝
Wenchang 暝
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

夜

  1. (Teochew) Alternative form of 暝.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. night, nighttime

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
夜
よる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨yo1ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.[1]

Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

夜(よる) • (yoru) 

  1. night, evening
    東(とう)京(きょう)の夜(よる)
    Tōkyō no yoru
    Tokyo nights
    夜(よる)の街(まち)を歩(ある)く
    yoru no machi o aruku
    to walk the streets at night
    (literally, “to walk the night streets”)
    不(ふ)安(あん)な夜(よる)を過(す)ごす
    fuan na yoru o sugosu
    to endure a night of anxiety
    (literally, “to pass an uneasy night”)
    夜(よる)の星(ほし)空(ぞら)を見(み)上(あ)げる
    yoru no hoshizora o miageru
    to look up at the night's starry sky
    Synonym: 夜間 (yakan)
    Antonym: 昼 (hiru)
Derived terms[edit]
Idioms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

夜(よる) • (Yoru) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
夜
よ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨yo1⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

夜(よ) • (yo) 

  1. (literary) night, evening
    『真(ま)夏(なつ)の夜(よ)の夢(ゆめ)』
    “Manatsu no Yo no Yume”
    A Midsummer Night's Dream
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 夜 (MC jiaH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 양〮 (Yale: yá)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 밤〮 (Yale: pám) 야〯 (Yale: yǎ)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangeul: [야(ː)]
    • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

夜 (eumhun 밤 야 (bam ya))

  1. Hanja form? of 야 (“night”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Oki-No-Erabu[edit]

Kanji[edit]

夜 (kun'yomi いぃーる, romaji yīru)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (よる, yoru, “night”).

Noun[edit]

夜 (hiragana いぃーる, romaji yīru)

  1. night

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
夜
ゆる
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

Counter[edit]

夜 (hiragana ゆる, rōmaji -yuru)

  1. nights
    一(ちゅ)夜(ゆる) ― chuyuru ― one night
    二(た)夜(ゆる) ― tayuru ― two nights

Noun[edit]

夜 (hiragana ゆる, rōmaji yuru)

  1. night

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
夜
ゆー
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yo, from Proto-Japonic *yo. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (yo, “night”).

Noun[edit]

夜 (hiragana ゆー, rōmaji yū)

  1. night

References[edit]

  • “ユル” in Haisai Okinawan Dialect.
  • “ユル（ゆる）” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.
  • “ゆる” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.
  • 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎[4], 1963
  • “ユー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
  • “ユル” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *yoru. Derived from yo1 below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (pi1, “day”) → 昼 (pi1ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.

Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.

Noun[edit]

夜 (yo1ru) (kana よる)

  1. night, evening
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 807), text here
      宇豆都仁波安布余志勿奈子奴婆多麻能用流能伊昧仁越都伎提美延許曽
      ututu ni pa apu yo2si mo nasi nubatama no2 yo1ru no2 ime2 ni wo tugi1te miye ko2so2
      There is no way to see you in reality. Please continue to appear in dreams of the night![2]
    Antonym: 昼 (pi1ru)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 夜 (yoru)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *yo. First attested in the Kojiki (712 C.E.).[1]

Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.

Noun[edit]

夜 (yo1) (kana よ)

  1. night, evening
    • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 3)
      ...阿遠夜麻迩比賀迦久良婆奴婆多麻能用波伊傅那牟...
      ...awoyama ni pi1 ga kakuraba nubatama no2 yo1 pa idenamu...
      As soon as the sun hides behind the verdant mountains, then jet-black night will come.[3]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 夜 (yo)

Etymology 3[edit]

Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 C.E.) and in the Man'yōshū (759 C.E.) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.

Noun[edit]

夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)

  1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) night, evening
    • c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
      志努波羅能意登比賣能古袁佐比登由母為禰弖牟志太夜伊幣爾久太佐牟
      sino1para no2 oto2pi1me1 no2 ko1 wo sa-pi1to2yu mo inetemu sida ya ipe1 ni kudasamu
      Once I've taken her, slept with her a single night―that little lady, the girl from the bamboo brakes―I'll send her down to her home.[4]
      [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man'yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so1⟩ → so).]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ Haruo Shirane (2005) Classical Japanese: A Grammar, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 320
  3. ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Volume 2255 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 106-7
  4. ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1997) , “Combinations of Poetry and Prose in Classical Japanese Narrative”, in Joseph Harris, Ph.D., Joseph Harris, Karl Reichl, editors, Prosimetrum: Crosscultural Perspectives on Narrative in Prose and Verse, illustrated edition, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 416

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

夜: Hán Nôm readings: dạ, dà

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

夜 (kun'yomi どぅる, romaji duru)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (よる, yoru, “night”).

Noun[edit]

夜 (hiragana どぅる, romaji duru)

  1. night
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