夜
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
夜 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 246, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
- Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 285, character 1
- Unihan data for U+591C
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
夜 | |
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alternative forms | 亱 𠙇 𠙑 𡖍 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 夜 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːɡs): phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”).
The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕; the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦, used phonetically.
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).
Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *s-r(j)ak (“day; day (24 horus); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that 夜 and 夕 have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
夜
- night
- See also: 晚
- occurring during the night
- (Cantonese) late (in the night)
- Classifier for the number of nights.
Synonyms[edit]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 夜, 夕 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 夜 | |
Mandarin | Singapore | 晚 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 晚 |
Hong Kong | 晚 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 晚 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 暝, 暗 |
Quanzhou | 暝, 暗 | |
Shishi | 暗暝 | |
Zhangzhou | 暝, 暗 | |
Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 暝 | |
Taipei | 暝 GT, 暗 GT | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 暝 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 暗 | |
Shantou | 暝 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 暝 | |
Wenchang | 暝 | |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- “夜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00843
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
夜
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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夜 |
よる Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨yo1ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.
Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.[1]
Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- night, evening
- 東京の夜
- Tōkyō no yoru
- Tokyo nights
- 夜の街を歩く
- yoru no machi o aruku
- to walk the streets at night
- (literally, “to walk the night streets”)
- 不安な夜を過ごす
- fuan na yoru o sugosu
- to endure a night of anxiety
- (literally, “to pass an uneasy night”)
- 夜の星空を見上げる
- yoru no hoshizora o miageru
- to look up at the night's starry sky
- Synonym: 夜間 (yakan)
- Antonym: 昼 (hiru)
- 東京の夜
Derived terms[edit]
Idioms[edit]
- 夜の衣を返す (yoru no koromo o kaesu)
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
よ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨yo1⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.
In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (literary) night, evening
- 『真夏の夜の夢』
- “Manatsu no Yo no Yume”
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- 『真夏の夜の夢』
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 夜 (MC jiaH).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 양〮 (Yale: yá) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 밤〮 (Yale: pám) | 야〯 (Yale: yǎ) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Oki-No-Erabu[edit]
Kanji[edit]
夜 (kun'yomi いぃーる, romaji yīru)
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (よる, yoru, “night”).
Noun[edit]
夜 (hiragana いぃーる, romaji yīru)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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夜 |
ゆる Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).
Counter[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
夜 |
ゆー Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yo, from Proto-Japonic *yo. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (yo, “night”).
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- “ユル” in Haisai Okinawan Dialect.
- “ユル(ゆる)” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.
- “ゆる” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.
- 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)[4], 1963
- “ユー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
- “ユル” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Japonic *yoru. Derived from yo1 below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (pi1, “day”) → 昼 (pi1ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.
Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.
Noun[edit]
夜 (yo1ru) (kana よる)
- night, evening
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 807), text here
- 宇豆都仁波安布余志勿奈子奴婆多麻能用流能伊昧仁越都伎提美延許曽
- ututu ni pa apu yo2si mo nasi nubatama no2 yo1ru no2 ime2 ni wo tugi1te miye ko2so2
- There is no way to see you in reality. Please continue to appear in dreams of the night![2]
- Antonym: 昼 (pi1ru)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 807), text here
Derived terms[edit]
- 夜昼 (yo1rupi1ru)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 夜 (yoru)
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Japonic *yo. First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).[1]
Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.
Noun[edit]
夜 (yo1) (kana よ)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 夜 (yo)
Etymology 3[edit]
Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE) and in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.
Noun[edit]
夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) night, evening
- c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
- 志努波羅能意登比賣能古袁佐比登由母為禰弖牟志太夜伊幣爾久太佐牟
- sino1para no2 oto2pi1me1 no2 ko1 wo sa-pi1to2yu mo inetemu sida ya ipe1 ni kudasamu
- Once I've taken her, slept with her a single night―that little lady, the girl from the bamboo brakes―I'll send her down to her home.[4]
- [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man'yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so1⟩ → so).]
- c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
See also[edit]
- 夕 (yupu)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ Haruo Shirane (2005) Classical Japanese: A Grammar, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 320
- ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Volume 2255 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 106-7
- ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1997), “Combinations of Poetry and Prose in Classical Japanese Narrative”, in Joseph Harris, Ph.D., Joseph Harris, Karl Reichl, editors, Prosimetrum: Crosscultural Perspectives on Narrative in Prose and Verse, illustrated edition, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 416
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru. Cognate with Japanese 夜 (よる, yoru, “night”).
Noun[edit]
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- zh:Night
- zh:Times of day
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- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よる
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading や
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- ja:Time
- ja:Times of day
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- Oki-No-Erabu terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
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- okn:Time
- okn:Times of day
- Okinawan Han characters
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading ゆる
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading ゆー
- Okinawan kanji with on reading や
- Okinawan terms spelled with 夜 read as ゆる
- Okinawan terms read with kun'yomi
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
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- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
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- Okinawan single-kanji terms
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- Okinawan terms spelled with 夜 read as ゆー
- ryu:Time
- ryu:Times of day
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- ojp:Time
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- yoi:Time
- yoi:Times of day